Kupora "Murarawende" neAivazovsky: chigamba chitsva chegungwa

Marina semunhu akasiyana-siyana wekugadzira mifananidzo yakagadziriswa mumifananidzo yeRussia muzana remakore rechi19, panguva yezvaiitwa nemabasa aIvan Aivazovsky, asingashamisi, sezvo achiri kutaridzirwa somumwe wemakungwa makuru munyika. Mifananidzo ye "Rainbow" neAivazovsky muenzaniso unoshamisa wechishamiso chemahombekombe egungwa.

Mifananidzo-marina mumutauro weRussia

Pasinei nokuzivikanwa kwekunaka uye kuzivikanwa kwenyika, mumabasa ekutanga aAivazovsky akanzwa kushandiswa kwevatongi vekutanga vokuRussia, vateereri vemhando- S. Shchedrin naM. Vorobyov , avo vane zvigaro zvisinganzwisisiki zvegungwa zvakabatanidza nzira dzechikoro yekunyora zvekudzidza nemafungiro matsva ekuratidza rudo.

Basa rekutanga reAivazovsky rinenge rakazara zvakakwana kuzvikepe zvegungwa. Uyu musikana muchengeti akavezwa mufananidzo wemanomano ane rudo nekuyemura. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekudanana kwemanzwiro emuenzi wacho ndechokuti Aivazovsky haana kufunga kuti zvinogona kunyora gungwa kubva pane zvakasikwa. Zvose izvo mufananidzo aifananidzirwa pamigodhi yake yaiva yezviyeuchidzo uye zvibereko zvekufungidzira.

Asi mushure mekudanana kwekunamata mumapikicha okutanga aAivazovsky, munhu anogona kuona chido chokudzidza gungwa chezvinhu mune zvose zvingaita hypostases. Mumashure matsva, simba uye chimiro chisinganzwisisiki chemuumbi wekudzivisa kuratidzira rudo rwekuda, uye muoni anounzwa nemabasa evanhu vakuru, vane ruzivo rwevanyanzvi vanoziva bhizinesi rake nemufananidzo wake. Mifananidzo "Rainbow" naAivazovsky inomiririra danho idzva kwete chete mubasa remuenzi, asiwo mumhando yeRussia seascape. Kushanda paiyoyi, tenzi akatanga kushandisa mivara yakajeka yakajeka nenzira yakasiyana zvakasiyana.

Zvinhu zvakasikwa Aivazovsky zvakagadzira nzira yekuenda kumhando ye marina nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakadaro dzinoridzidza seLagorio, Bogolyubov uye Kuindzhi.

Ivan Aivazovsky

Biography yemuiti wacho inenge nenyaya yenyaya. Aivazovsky aiva mwanakomana wevatengesi varombo, asi akakunda kugamuchira kwake ne tarenda uye unyanzvi pakati pevanyori vekumba uye yepasi uye akava muvambi we marina mumasikirwo akanaka eRussia.

Kubvira achiri muduku, kuratidza chido chokudhiroka, Aivazovsky akacherechedza wekugadzira weguta rake rekuAmerica - Theodosia. Muvepi wamangwana akapiwa kubva kwaari kwete kungotsigirwa chete nemashoko ekuparadzanisa, asiwo rubatsiro rwekunyama - zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira uye zvidzidzo zvokutanga zvekudhira.

Pashure pokunge apedza kudzidza kubva kuSimferopol Gymnasium, Aivazovsky akapinda muImperial Academy of Arts muSt. Petersburg. Mugore rechina rezvidzidzo zvake, akapiwa mhete yegoridhe yeC Academy, iyo yakabvumira mucheki wechidiki kuenda kune imwe nyika semudzidzi wechikoro. Makore mashomanana, Aivazovsky akapedza muItaly, kwaakazozivikanwa nokuda kwemakungwa ake.

Nhoroondo yemifananidzo ye "Rainbow"

Zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti mabasa aAivazovsky akanakisisa akaumbwa munguva yekutanga yebasa rake. Mifananidzo yakadai se "The Ninth Wave", "Moonlight Night" uye "Dutu paGungwa pausiku" inonzi inonyanya kufambisa basa regungwa - munyori akasika nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana maererano nekupenya uye upfumi hwenheyo.

Mukutanga kwemakore makumi manomwe nemaviri ezana remakore rechigumi nemakumi mana kusvika kumakore emasikirini akafamba nemashoko akawanda anotsvaga pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvekutsvaga. Mufananidzo "Rainbow" ndiyo mhinduro yekutsoropodza. Mafungiro evanhu vemazuva ano pamusoro pekudhindwa naAivazovsky "Rainbow" haisi yunifomu; Zvinenge zvese zvakaratidza kuti zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuvara uye mararamiro ezvakagadzirwa, asi pane avo vakaramba vachizvidza munyengeri nokuda kwekufungidzira kwenzvimbo dzake.

Munyori aigara achitaura kuti gungwa haigoni kunyorwa kubva mumasikirwo echisikigo, saka mugove wezvokutambudza mumakungwa eAivazovsky nguva dzose, nokuti mifananidzo yacho chibereko chekufungidzira kwemuenzi. Zvisinei, "Rainbow" inoratidzirwa nehutsika hwehuvara pelette uye kuchena kwemasarudzo akasarudzwa anoita kuti madonhwe ehova yepamuti ave pachena, zvichiita kuti muraraungu usangooneke.

Aivazovsky, "Rainbow" tsanangudzo yemufananidzo nechikamu chacho

Chirongwa che "Rainbow" hachisi chitsva chebasa raAivazovsky. Munyori akasarudza nokuda kwechifananidzo chinhu chakanaka, chinenge chakarohwa chechifananidzo - gungwa guru. Kufanana nezvose zvinokonzera seascape, mufananidzo we "Rainbow" naAivazovsky unoratidza chikepe chinoputsika "kubva kune munhu wokutanga" - sokunge kuti munyori pachake akanga ari pane ngarava inonyura.

Mufananidzo wacho uzere nezvakawanda, zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki. Dombo rine dombo uye chikepe chairo, kuputika, kurasikirwa nemafungu uye pamusoro pegungwa dutu. Pamberi pechitarisiko iyi igwa nevashambadziri vachiedza kudzivisa rufu. Vanhu vanotarisa kure nechegungwa, vachiedza kuona nzvimbo yakachengeteka yebhanhire, asi mafungu makuru nemhepo ine mhepo inorova chikepe ichi uye kudzivirira vafambisi vezvikepe kuti varege kuziva nekuchengeta chirevo.

Pamusana pemubhedha wehove, muratidziro, pasinei nenhamo yakaipa, haisi kuoma uye kuora mwoyo. Unhu hweAivazovsky hunotarisana nechiedza pamusoro pechando ichi hunoita mutsara unofanirwa wourota unozadzisa basa re "zvakanaka", achivimbisa vafambisi vegungwa vari mumatambudziko akachengeteka.

Kuongororwa kwemufananidzo weAivazovsky "Rainbow" uye mavara ayo

Mukuedza kutsvaga nzira itsva yechitarisiko chakanaka chegungwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, munyori wemarita-maritime akaendesa kune imwe itsva, chiedza uye zvimwe zvinonyatsooneka.

Mifananidzo ye "Rainbow" naAivazovsky imwe yezvikamu zvezverinho zvakaitwa mumutambo mutsva. Mufananidzo wacho anoshandisa mavara akajeka-ruvara, ruvara rwepepuru, ruvara rwepepuru uye ruvara rwemaruva, asi kwete kurasikirwa kwechokwadi uye kujekesa kwenzvimbo.

Mifananidzo yakaitwa "Rainbow", "In The Storm", "Marina", pamwe nemamwe mabhuku akanyorwa mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe ezana remakore re XIX, akave akavezwa nemitsetse yakateteka yemirairi yakajeka. Miti inoshamisa inopera mumhepo ine mchere yegungwa, ichiri kuumba nzvimbo dzakachena, dzakachena uye dzomumhepo umo gungwa rinoratidzika chaizvo chaizvo uye panguva imwechete yakajeka.