Mifananidzo yefodya yemamato. Nzira yekugadzirisa sei dambudziko iri?

Zvechokwadi vazhinji veavo vane munda wavo pachavo, kunyange rimwe zuva vaifanira kuona migumisiro, iyo inotungamirira kuhutachiona hwemafirimu. Kubva munyaya ino iwe uchadzidza kudzivirira kuonekwa kwechirwere ichi mumatato.

A Brief Historical Reference

Kwenguva yokutanga chirwere ichi chakanyorwa pakaguma kwezana remakore rechina rekutanga mukukura kwefodya. Pamusango une utachiona pane mavara akajeka. Nokufamba kwenguva, akatanga kutadza fomu ndokuzofa. Shure kwaizvozvo, chirwere ichi chakapararira zvishoma nezvishoma kumiti yakatarisana uye pashure penguva pfupi masango ose akazova asina kukodzera kukura.

Nzira chete inowanikwa yekurwisana panguva iyoyo ndiyo kuparadzwa kwakakwana kwezvipukanana zvine utachiona. Miitiro yakadaro yakabvumira kuchengetedza mbeu dzakasara. Makore mazhinji mushure mekuwana chirwere ichi, Dr. Ivanovsky akakwanisa kuziva chikonzero chacho. Yakanga iri utachiona hwemafirimu.

Mechanism of development and biology

Icho causative agent wechirwere ichi chinoratidzwa nekuramba kune kunze kwezvinhu. Zvinonzwisisika kuti hutachiona hunokwanisa kuramba huchiri kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu echando chakakwirira.

Kukanganiswa kwefodya kunokonzera zvachose michero yezvirimwa pamasero. Chikonzero chekuitika kwaro ndechekuparadzanisa kwechirwere che chlorophyll nekukuvadza kune chloroplasts. Sezvo plastids inopera, mazinga ehydrohydrate anoderera. Somugumisiro, iyo nzira yekuwoma kwezvikamu zvemuviri wehutachi inoshandiswa. Zvinokonzera kukonzera chirwere chacho ndiSaranum virus 1, Cummis virus 2 uye Nicotina virusi 1.

Zviratidzo zvikuru

Pakuvamba, mashizha ayo firimu yakaratidzwa yakaonekwa seinoita sechigadziko. Ruvara rwemavara runogona kusiyana. Izvo zvakachena, zvinopenya zvakasvibirira kana zvitsvuku. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mashizha anotanga kukonzera uye kupera, kuwana filiform kana fern-yakafanana nemufananidzo.

Mukuwedzera, mutambo wefodya unotungamirira pakukuya uye kusina kukwana kwezvibereko. Kukura nekukura kwemuti une utachiona kunonoka. Pamusana pokuputsa kwemvura metabolism, mashizha uye mashizha akaoma. Munhu wokutanga kufa ndiye majaya maduku. Zvibereko zvakakanganiswa zvakafukidzwa nemaronda mavara uye zvinotanga kuora.

Utachiona hunoitika sei?

Mifananidzo yefodya yemamatata inogona kuparadzirwa semugumisiro wekubatana nemitemo ine utachiona kana nemigumisiro yemagetsi inowanikwa panguva yekugadzirisa. Kazhinji, hutachiona hunoitika panguva yekudonha kwemichero yakaoma.

Uyewo, mifananidzo yefodya inoparadzirwa nevatakureti vakaita semakutu, hove uye zvimwe zvipembenene. Utachiona hunogona kutapudzwa kuburikidza nembeu nemichero inotakurwa nemhuka uye shiri. Iyo yakanyanya kunyanya kubatwa nehutachiona iyo ivhu, iri pasi pemidzi yematata anorwara. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti muchero unogara unogona kugara mauri. Kunyanya nokukurumidza inoumba mosaic mumamiriro ezvinhu ehupamhi. Yakave yakasimbiswa kuti mvura inonaya ichiyerera kubva kumashizha emiti yakakonzerwa inogona kuva vector yehutachiona.

Mifananidzo yefodya: kurapwa nekudzivirira

Iyi utachiona inogona kuparadza anenge 20% yezviyo zvose. Saka, inofanira kurwisana. Kuti dzidzivirire michero yavo, zvakakosha kushandisa imwe chete yakakwirira kudyara zvinhu. Mbeu, mabhokisi nemimwe midziyo yejindu inofanira kurapwa ne 5% solution ye potassium permanganate. Maitiro akadaro anofanira kuitwa kwemazuva mana anotevera.

Kuchengetedza kunogona kusvibiswa kwezvirimwa zvenguva yemberi, maitiro ekudzivirira haafaniri kuregererwa. Saka, zvakakosha kupemha tomate nechisimba chinotyisa. Kana uchidyara mbeu mumagetsi, zvinodzivirira zvakakodzera zvinofanira kutorwa. Kuti udzikise mbeu, zvinokurudzirwa kuti dzakagara dzakachengetwa mu 20% solution yehydrochloric acid uye yakanyatsocheneswa pasi pemvura ine mvura yakachena. Uyewo, ivhu rinofanira kunge rakanyorowa nekudiridza nemvura inopisa kwemaawa maviri kana matatu.

Kamwe chete pavhiki, michero inokurudzirwa kuti iongororwe nemukaka inonatswa nemvura yakakwana muchiyero che1:10. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinokosha kuita nguva yakakodzera yekugadziriswa kwevhu mukati mekunatsa, kubvisa kubva pairi-centimeter layer pamwe chete nemiti yakasara.

Rimwe vhiki risati rasvika muvhu uye mazuva gumi nemaviri mushure maro, miche inofanira kusaswa ne 1% solution ye boric acid. Nokuda kweizvi, zvichava zvakanyanya kusagadzirirwa mavairusi. Usakanganwa uye uchitarisa chinangwa chokuparadzwa kwezvipembenene, izvo zvinogona kuva vateereri ve causative agent we mosaic. Uyewo, kuitira kuti kudzivisa kupararira kwemafirimu ematafura emafuta, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kushandiswa kwemahombekiti, kutora uye kupisa mavhiri ekutanga uye mashizha matsva.