Zviwanikwa zvavo kushandisa muSpain

Spain - akanaka uye zvinoshamisa dzakasiyana European nyika kuti anotarisira ayo zviwanikwa. Apo riri Hurumende? Chii zvicherwa vakapfuma kuSpain?

Natural ezvinhu uye pfuma yacho zviri chaizvo siyana. Izvi akabvumira Spain kuti zvinobudirira kuva kwayo maindasitiri kunzwisisa, uyewo kuti kutora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera pakati penyika kuti anopa yose ushanyi pamusika.

The Kingdom of Spain: Vhuṱanzi pamusoro nyika

España (zita renyika muna Spanish) - yakazvimirira mamiriro yaiva katsi Peninsula, rechitatu pakukura Europe. Administratively, nyika iri muzvikamu 17 zvionera nharaunda uye rinosanganisira 50 enyika. Uyezve, Spain iri akaisa kune vakawanda vainzi changamire mundima (plazas of soberania). Ivo riri North Africa uye Gungwa reMediterranean.

Gore Spanish umambo nheyo maminitsi 1515. Nhasi munhu yeparamende (yepamutemo) umambo.

Spain, dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye zviwanikwa zviri dzaisiyana zvakakwana, kwemakore akawanda rakaitirwa pamusoro nyika makumi maviri zvinonakisa zvoupfumi kukura mwero munyika. Uyezve, nyika iri Europe ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose Mugadziri zvokurima zvigadzirwa. Pano zviri zvinobudirira kukura chirimwa kugadzirwa, mhuka minda, viticulture, uyewo Fisheries.

Natural ezvinhu uye pfuma Spain (zvishoma)

Mune mimwe mwaka anorarama vagari venyika ino? The dzinongoitika siyana pfuma muSpain? Muchidimbu edza kupindura mibvunzo iyi muchikamu chino.

Spain - mumwe kupfuura makomo nyika muEurope. About 35% nharaunda yayo riri panzvimbo kukwira dzinopfuura 1,000 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Zvisinei, kukwirira nenhongonya haana kuwanikwa. The yakakwirira Spanish yakaoma - Mulhacén gomo (3480 m).

Kazhinji, hurumende zvokuyamura inogona kurondedzerwa sezvinotevera: nechepakati yakakwirira uye nemumakomo chikamu anenge vakakomberedzwa pamusoro zvose kumativi nengetani gomo iro kuparadzanisa kubva mugungwa. Mumupata muSpain kugara munzvimbo duku. Zvikurukuru, ivo ruoko pamwe guru rwizi mumipata uye neMediterranean Coast.

Climatic zviwanikwa nevamwe Spain. Country anogona kunzi sezvo akanyanya kupisa uye sunniest mu Europe. Avhareji Nhamba jeka mazuva pano anoda kubva 260-280. In yechando, tembiricha kashoma inowira pasi zero, uye muzhizha iri lämpömittari anogona kukwira 40 Celsius. nzizi Spain guru - the they, Duero, Ebro uye Guadalquivir.

Spain Natural pfuma (zvicherwa zvikurukuru) takaendeswa ndima yayo zvikuru gogonera. With chikamu ichi, zviri zvikuru ane dambudziko chenjera kuti dzisakarurama zvoupfumi munyika. Saka, kuchamhembe kweSpain ari zvakawanda yakatanga industrially, uye kumaodzanyemba, nekusiyana, runoonekwa shure. Pano pane chikuru zvinogoneka nyika urovha unodiwa.

Detailed characterization of zviwanikwa uye hwaiitwa Spain

Natural pfuma Spain, uyewo mimwe ezvinhu panyika, zvinofanira kurondedzerwa pamusoro zvinotevera papurogiramu:

• zororo;
• Climate;
• zvemumba mvura;
• ivhu pabutiro;
• Maruva uye fauna of;
• zvicherwa uye jogirafi;
• mamiriro ezvoupfumi uye kushandisa zviwanikwa.

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye nzvimbo kusiyana

Spain anowanzonyorwa vachinzi sendarama makomo mu Europe. About 90% mundima rinofukidzwa nemakomo uye nenzvimbo dzakakwirira. Inenge hafu Spain pevhu - rwenze Meseta (the pakukura Europe). mugove Eastern dzayo dzichienderana akafukidza gobvu bhora kubva sedimentary namatombo. Asi kumadokero chikamu Meseta dissected zvakasimba kubudikidza zvikanganiso uye rwizi mumipata.

In kuchamhembe Meseta ndeyevanyori Cantabrian makomo, izvo, akavapindurawo, muri kuenderera ichindosvika kuPyrenees. Izvi simba gomo hurongwa chinosanganisira inofambirana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri anoverengeka kureba makiromita anosvika 450. Ichindosvika kuPyrenees akunde zvakaoma chaizvo: zvose pemipata chiri panzvimbo imwe kukwira vanopfuura 1,500 mamita. Ndokusaka zvose munjanji kuti anobatana Spain nevamwe kunyika Western Europe, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda ichi gomo maitiro kubva kumabvazuva kana kumavirira. Nechepakati kumatunhu ichindosvika kuPyrenees unogona kuwana zororo nzira glacial kupi: motokari, circuses uye zvimwiro.

Kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva masa Meseta Sistema Ibérico. Zvinonzi maiva pano mikuru nzizi Spain zhinji. Uyu ndiwo mumwe wavaduku nevakabva kumatunhu munyika.

Nechokumaodzanyemba Spain, achitevedza Mediterranean pamhenderekedzo, achitambanudza maGypsy makomo. Pakati izvi, ndiyo inofa Sierra Nevada kubva yakakwirira munyika - yepamusoro Mulhacén. Kukwirira Sierra Nevada chete Alps anogona kukwikwidzana muEurope.

Plain Plain uye kugara chete 10% of zvachose nzvimbo Spain. Vose akaumbwa alluvial zvinhu, asi nekuda ivhu ravo - vari chaizvo yakaorera. Kudeuka amapani iri zasi-kumavirazuva nyika (maGypsy).

Relief inowanzonzi kubatsira kudzivirira zviwanikwa wokuSpain uye upfumi hwayo. Simba gomo neeSultan yekatsi Peninsula rinowanzoshandiswa airidza basa rakavimbika uye insuperable miganhu, kudzivirira nyika kubva nechisimba utsinye.

okunze zvinhu

Climate change muSpain kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Avhareji tembiricha pano siyana mukati rakafara mwero kubva 14 kusvika 20 inegumi. By uwandu jeka mazuva gore, Spain anoudzawo nzvimbo yokutanga Europe pamwe Greece.

The dzinotaurwa nechepakati chikamu nyika inozivikanwa kunowedzerwa Continental. The yechirimo ndiwo chaizvo uye dzechando - chando. "Mwedzi matatu chando uye mwedzi mipfumbamwe hero" - chimwe chezvinhu akakurumbira mashoko pakati pavagere ebani Meseta.

Kugovera kunayisa zvakare zvinokosha misiyano. masayendisiti Climate conventionally akaparadzanisa Spain mu "pakaoma" uye "nyoro." Muganhu pakati kumatunhu aya maviri anoenda kuburikidza Cantabrian kumakomo. Saka, mukati "nyoro" Spain, izvo zvinosanganisira Basque Country, Galicia, Asturias uye chikamu ichindosvika kuPyrenees, gore negore kunonaya avhareji vanenge 900-1000 mm kuti kunonaya. The napamwe ( "nokuomesa" Spain) haasi anopfuura 500 mm inonaya pagore.

Zvinoumba Natural Resources kuSpain (zvikurukuru okunze) kusika zvinetso zvikuru kuti kukura zvokurima uyewo mvura dzomumisha zhinji munyika. About 60% of nyika ehurumende masayendisiti anofungidzira sezvo oma.

Kure negungwa mvura uye ivhu pechifukidziro

The nyika ine kumbonyanya zvakawanda rwizi Network. Zvisinei, vakawanda Spanish River mvura siyana pasi uye aqueous kusagadzikana utongi. Vakawanda vavo vari kudzika muzhizha kana nokuomesa zvachose. Kunze Spain hydrological zviwanikwa zviri chaizvo vanoiswa anoparadzirwa munyika, iyo inotungamirira kuupenyu zvinokosha kururama mumvura nerubatsiro kumatunhu ayo akasiyana.

Nevhu pabutiro muSpain ndiye siyana chaizvo zvakare, nokuda yakaoma kuzorodzwa, variegated Geological marongerwo uye chinokosha okunze misiyano. Saka, kuchamhembe iri hunodzorwa podzolic burozomy uye peat bogs kumadokero - the acidic nevhu reMediterranean mhando, uye kumabvazuva uye Balearic Islands - dzisinganayi ivhu mhando (burozomy uye sierozems). Chinonyanya rakaorera nevhu zviri kusimbiswa pamapani uye mipata nenzizi huru. Zviri muzvinhu izvi zvikuru nokukurumidza kusimukira chirimwa.

Biota

Nokuti nemiti uye Fauna of mamiriro kunoratidzwa mhuka kukwana. In floristically Spain zvachose anonzi vakapfuma nyika muEurope. Masango Large kufukidza vanenge 30% kwenharaunda yacho. Zvisinei, kare vakanga yakakura.

Miti yakasvibira pamuouki masango vachikura kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero dziri nyika. Dzakakwirira ndivo vakawanda mhando Deciduous pemiouki uye Beech, dota, Chestnut uye Birch. Mukati yomukati nenzvimbo dzakakwirira wokuSpain akachengetedzwa maturakiti akaoma miti yakasvibira masango nemiti. nharaunda Semi-mugwenga anogona kuwanika pamusoro Aragon rwenze uye muNew Castile.

The Fauna of Spain kuonekwa zvakajeka zvisaririra zvose European uye African nemhuka. Pano zvatinosiita shava nebere, mhumhi, gava, mhuka katsi, nondo uye dzimwe mhuka, kwese kuti nechepakati uye vokumadokero kweEurope. In Spain unogona kuwana gondo Imperial, genet uye muIjipiti mongoose. All zvipenyu izvi anowanikwa ari mhiri Strait of Gibraltar.

Special pfungwa Spanish (kana Pyrenean) Lynx - mumwe rarest mhuka panyika. Haana anodarika zana vanhu zvevakomana. It anosangana mhuka iyi chete makomo uye mumaruwa kumaodzanyemba kweSpain. Kubva munhuwo katsi yokuSpain iduku uye zvakawanda yakajeka ruvara.

Mineral pfuma muSpain: kunopindirana Kukoshesa

The nyika haisi pakati nyika vatungamiri nourongwa chicherwa mari. zvicherwa zvakawanda Spain ane kupinza (kusanganisira simba). Zvisinei, indasitiri mugodhi pano kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka, kunyanya kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira nyika.

Five zvicherwa Spain raMwari inokosha inogona hwakapiwa sezvinotevera:

• Iron mhangura.
• Coal.
• Copper.
• Lead.
• Mercury.

Zvisinei, vakawanda munda wacho reserves zvinoitika mwero. Saka, vakawanda, Spain anogona kunzi novimba kupinzwa ari chicherwa pfuma yacho.

mhangura zvicherwa

Hurumende iri, kupfuura zvose, akapfuma esimbi zvicherwa. Somuenzaniso, kuSpain akaziva vapfumi deposits pamusoro zingi, kutungamirira, mekuri, manganese, uye pyrites mhangura. Total reserves esimbi ores muSpain - vanenge mabhiriyoni 2,5 matani. Kuchamhembe, kune zvinokosha deposits kuti gaba uye tungsten.

In nekusimba matura uranium exchange ores Spain ari panzvimbo yechipiri muna Europe uye Mercury inventories - nzvimbo yokutanga munyika. Rich deposits pakati cinnabar dziri muruwa Ciudad Real uye pamahombekombe erwizi Baldeasage.

Mukuwedzera, moyo Spain ndiyo akapfuma zvikuru mune pyrite. Zvikurukuru, vari mined kumaodzanyemba mujinga Sierra Morena. Uyewo Spain, pane mumatanda sirivha, nendarama, molybdenum uye titanium.

Mafuta uye simba zvicherwa nezvimwe mbishi zvinhu

Spanish ndima simba pfuma, nhamo, asina kupfuma kudaro. deposits Minor yose marasha vari muhurukuro dzekuchamhembe (mumaruwa Oviedo uye Leon), muna Basque Country uye Asturias. Spanish marasha, kazhinji yakaderera yepamusoro.

Oil muhuwandu zviduku uye anogadzirwa Catalonia burgos, negasi - muna Aragon uye Cadiz. Akaongorora matura gasi muSpain havasi cubic metres anopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri.

Pane zvikuru guru matura potassium munyu, refractory nevhu, kaolin uye fluorspar. In dzakawanda mapurovhinzi Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Valencia, Guadalajara nevamwe) kushingaira unobereka mbishi zvokuvakisa kuvaka indasitiri. Izvi dolomite, reraimu, namatema uye choko nekaupenyu high quality.

Zviwanikwa zvavo kushandisa muSpain

Nokushingaira vanoshandisa zviwanikwa pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero akatanga kuSpain muna yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Vasati kuti, nyika akaramba underdeveloped agrarian mamiriro. Pfungwa kushandiswa uye zvakakwana tinyatsonzwisisa dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye pfuma Spain akabvumira kuti kuzvitengesa nyika muindasitiri-agrarian, izvo maererano zvayo maindasitiri pakukura hakusi muduku kunyika dzakawanda dzeEurope.

Nhasi, Spain Wakafara dzakasimukira migodhi, Whitehead Textile, zvokudya kubudiswa, shipbuilding, uyewo nzira simba. Mune zvokurima, munyika zvakazara chirimwa. Pano, gorosi, mupunga, chibage, bhari, maorivhi, misi, mapomegraneti uye zvimwe zvirimwa. In dzisinganayi nharaunda vakabudirira akatunhidzwa makwai nembudzi, uye kuchamhembe - mombe. hove ikabuda iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munzvimbo. Spain pakati pamusoro munyika gumi ndibate uye processing hove.

Spain uye ushanyi

Spain ndiyo nokure kupfuura muzinda dzakawanda ushanyi. vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe munyika vanoshanda mune zvekutepfenyura iyi National upfumi. Spain anoshanyira gore negore vanenge mamiriyoni 50 dzimwe vashanyi.

The inonyanya kufarirwa dzisina nzvimbo muSpain: Costa Brava, Costa Blanca uye Canary Islands. The chikuru mushanyi nzvimbo munyika - Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao uye Valencia. guta Last riri kuramba dzakakurumbira kuvashanyi nevafambi. Izvi akwanise ne zvayo zvinokwezva yakawanda, nhoroondo uye mapurani pazvivako, mamiziyamu uye kuzvivaraidza zviwanikwa Valencia.

Spain ariwo chikuru muzinda European mutambo. Yakakurumbira Thiruvananthapuram Fair, mavara Carnival muna Cadiz uye La Tomatina muna Buñol nokuzvidira ashanyirwa vashanyi kubva pasi pose.

mhedziso

Muganhu Umambo Spain ndiyo akapfuma zvikuru mune zviwanikwa: zvicherwa, huni, okunze uye zvoutachiona. The nyika ine unyoro, inodziya okunze uye ane yakafara nzira yokubudisa kune nyanza.

The upfumi kunyatsoongorora dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye pfuma Spain zvakakwirira zvikuru. Kubva kwavari, zvinobudirira kutanga migodhi, simba Zera, kurima uye nzvimbo indasitiri.