Zvikuru akadzivirira zvinoumba mamiriro achinaya mvura. Plants uye Mhuka yacho achinaya mvura

Tundra - dzakasiyana dzinongoitika nzvimbo, rakagumbatirwa nechokumusoro taiga mapazi uye kumaodzanyemba kweArctic murenje. Zviri kumwero mukuru munzvimbo ine husingagumi penzvimbo permafrost, izvo nokuda nesinou pasi Kashoma thawed zvachose. Somugumisiro, vomumuzinda vose vematunhu, kusanganisira zvinomera, kuti vararame munyika yakaoma okunze. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji vavo vari kunyanya akadzivirira zvinoumba mamiriro achinaya mvura. Ndiudze zvakawanda, vorudzii zvinhu.

Climate uye okunze ari achinaya mvura: Winter

Nokuti isu akaita nzvimbo kuti achinaya mvura kunoratidzwa nehasha kwazvo ekunze, tichazvidudzira nezvazvo Muchidimbu. Saka, munguva yechando ichi kuchitonhora uye treeless mubani riri kuramba tichishanda. Winter rinovapo anenge 6-8 kana kunyange 9 months. Uye panguva iyoyo yose iyi dzimba dzose achinaya mvura vari kumirira chando, mhepo inotonhora uye kunyange yemadutu chando.

Kungofanana polar mapazi, ari achinaya mvura vari polar nousiku kuti kuronga kuitika pakati kana kuguma January uye kunotora 1-2 mwedzi. Kana totaura akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu polar zuva, vagari nzvimbo dziri zvikuru kuchengetedzwa hunhu zvinoumba achinaya mvura, kufashamirwa ane simba mhepo yokumusoro uye snowstorm. Paavhareji tembiricha iri nguva yechando rinosvika -30 Celsius.

Fall, uye chirimo

Autumn pamusoro achinaya mvura inotanga muna September, chisipiti - muna May, uye chirimo - muna July. The pfupi nguva yegore iri kunyunguduka okunze mapazi anoonekwa kuti zhizha. Pano nhunzi nokukurumidza uye akapotsa Vasingazvioni. Paavhareji tembiricha muna chimwe chezvinhu nenharo maererano nemitemo achinaya mvura mwedzi July (dzimwe nguva August) ndiyo 5-10 Celsius.

Munguva pfupi chirimo nyika iri mapazi ose permafrost haana nguva ushamwari pakuguma. Saka, panguva apo zuva anoratidza kupisa nekaupenyu zvakaoma pasi zvinokwanisika anodziya masendimita chete 50 zvakadzama. All uripo pazasi rukoko urwu, sezvo tsika inoratidza zviri mumvura uye chando pasi. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, mvura akasimuka pasi kwemvura, haagoni kupinda kuti kudzika kupfuura hafu mita. Uye mauri simuka iyi utsinye okunze mapazi akawanda madhamu uye marshes. Ndezvipi zvainyanya zvakasikwa achinaya mvura, tichaita mberi.

Nemiti iri permafrost mapazi

Sezvaunoziva, vamiririri nemiti vachapona o sei zvakaoma nechando ivhu. Asi, pasinei ichi, ari achinaya mvura angawana zvinoshamisa zvinomera nemiti. Somuenzaniso, zvinofadza anotarisa chikwindi kana lichen nondo. Pano vari akura uye avo chinonaka kumuromo sezvo blueberries, cloudberries uye lingonberries. Uyewo kuti achinaya mvura kunoratidzwa vakawanda mosses uye lichens, izvo zvokudya kufarira kuti nondo.

Individual nzeve nemiti achinaya mvura, ramakagadzwa munewo kutenda avo opportunists sezvo the willow uye Birch. Muchiitiko chino, vose mhando emiti zvidiki uye vane pfupi mhuka. Vazhinji nezvinomera nzvimbo tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma ari yezhizha vane pasi kukura uye zvinokambaira pamwe pasi korona, achivabvumira zvakachengeteka kutakura yechando tichinakirwa inotonhorera gusts nemhepo iri uye chirimo.

Nyika yakatipoteredza, asi achinaya mvura yaro minhenga vagari

Ari achinaya mvura inogona kuwanikwa ptarmigan, izvo muzhizha anoisa pamusoro mashava uye zvinonakidza zvipfeko, uye akapfeka nokuda muchando ari kudziya chena "makushe jasi uye majombo" (ndiko kuti muswe uye zvinomera zvachose kufukidza makumbo shiri wacho). A gore rose haana kuchinja yayo chando-chena plumage pamusoro chando zizi. Nokuda vakawanda minhenga pamusoro muviri uye maoko nemakumbo, shiri iyi yakareba kugara panzvimbo imwe, kunyange vakafa yechando, uye mhepo ine simba.

Animals kuti vanogara achinaya mvura

Pakati mhuka pane fluffy achinaya mvura lemmings makumbo pfupi, mumwe muswe nenzeve diki. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mhuka idzi regai dzinorara kwenguva refu uye kubudirira mune chando uye pasi. Uyewo pano unogona kuona yakaisvonaka uye nokutsanya makava, mhembwe nenyanga guru uye rinokosha, gava, mhumhi, tsuro, nemakonzo, bighorn makwai nezvimwe. Vakawanda vaigara vari tikatyisidzirwa kutsakatika, uye saka akaisa mukati achinaya mvura reserves.

Zvimwe mugere achinaya mvura

Nokuda vakawanda Makungwa marshes, uyewo kunyanya kunayisa (mugore imomo chinozova 200-300 mm) ari achinaya mvura vari kushingaira dzichiri ropa-yakayamwa mapapiro nezvipembenene. Munguva reservoirs pachavo kuyangarara hove huru yakadai omul, Sarimoni chena, whitefish uye whitefish.

Environmental matambudziko achinaya mvura

The Nature Conservancy achinaya mvura - ichi chinokosha dambudziko nokuda dzezvakatipoteredza pose. mhedziso kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa pashure ongorora ruzivo pa nzvimbo iyi nehasha rokuvaka uye zvimwe zvivako vanoita zvokufambisa uye mafuta kugadzirwa.

Nokuda vakaregeredza mafungiro kushanda uye yakachengeteka asiri abvume rikauya kazhinji usabuda sehuni. Zvinoguma kusvibiswa, kuparadzwa nemhuka.

Mukuwedzera, mundima achinaya mvura yakatamira kugadzirwa zvitima, zvakasara pashure marara, kuparadza pakupedzisira zvinomera kavha ivhu. Nokuda kuparadzwa zvinomera vakauraya yenondo uye nedzimwe mhuka neshiri.

Ndezvipi reserves vari achinaya mvura?

Nemhaka kwakarongeka basa zvipenyu uye dzimwe nyanzvi zvakasikwa uye akasika dzakawanda hunhu hwemunhu achinaya mvura. Saka mapazi iyi permafrost ane wandei makuru hunhu hwemunhu, hunoita kuti kudzorera kwomuzvarirwo pakuenzanisa ndima uye kuchengetedza pangozi mhando achinaya mvura vanogara.

Somuenzaniso, pane zvinotevera zvinhu dzezvakatipoteredza:

• Lapland National Park.
• Taimyr Reserve.
• "Wrangel Island" State Reserve.
• Altai Reserve.

Ndezvipi zvinoumba ari zvikuru kuchengetedzwa yezvakaita achinaya mvura, isu tsanangura pazasi.

General ruzivo pamusoro Lapland Nature Reserve

Lapland National Park - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha dzinongoitika nzvimbo Europe. Rine maturakiti pristine hunhu apo mhuka neshiri vari kutamira zvakasununguka, hombe. Zvinonzi munzvimbo duku mumusha Murmansk nharaunda uye ane zvachose nharaunda 278 435 hectares nyika. Kune zvinopfuura 198 eshiri, vanenge 31 marudzi emhuka uye 370 marudzi zvinomera.

General ruzivo pamusoro Taimyr Reserve

In zvikuru akadzivirira hunhu zvinoriumba dzakanyorwa achinaya mvura uye Taimyr Reserve, akasikwa February 1979. It riri muna Krasnoyarsk Territory munharaunda yacho Taimyr Peninsula. Pano inowanikwa kuna 222 mhando mosses uye lichen vangasvika 265 zvinomera, 116 eshiri, 15 mhando hove uye vanenge 21 marudzi emhuka.

General ruzivo pamusoro pehurumende kuchengeterwa "Wrangel Island"

"Wrangel Island" - guru uye akanaka kuchengeterwa ane zvachose kunharaunda 2.225.650 ha, kusanganisira mvura mapazi uye buffer wongoramba. Kune makomo akawanda uye zvikomo, achitora vanenge 2/3 mundima yose. Mutaviridziro Reserve iri vanenge 641 emaruva zvinomera, 169 eshiri uye mamwe marudzi emhuka. Saka, pano vanowanda makava uye wolverines, mabheya, weasels, mapere, caribou uye musk nenzombe.

General ruzivo pamusoro Altai Reserve

Chimwe chinhu chiri zvakatipoteredza Altai Nature Reserve, riri dzakakwirira okumaodzanyemba kweSiberia. Akanga rwakatambanudzwa pamusoro mamiriyoni maviri hectares, iyo anonyatsorayiridzwa zvose kukura 1500 yemiti, mazhinji akarongwa sezvo panjodzi. Pano kurarama vanenge 70 marudzi, 29 ndezvaJehovha pakati pavo panjodzi marudzi.