Yugoslavia akaputsa akakwidzwa chii ezvinhu? Vangani nyika Zvaparara Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia vagara chinokosha uye anokosha nyika panyika mudariro: kukura upfumi uye maindasitiri, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwezvombo, motokari uye makemikari zvigadzirwa; hondo huru, uwandu rinopfuura varwi 600 zviuru ... Asi womukati kukakavara uye kusawirirana wakatambudza nyika iri 90s remakore rapfuura akatambanudza Parainge uye kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Yugoslavia vakarambana. Iyo mamiriro inokamukana, ziva nhasi, vadzidzi vose vanodzidza kare. Uyu Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina uye Kosovo - pamwe kuzivikanwa simba.

Pamudzi

Kamwe pazuva muBalkan Peninsula , Yugoslavia aiva kupfuura mamiriro. Vanhu vaigara munyika idzi, aiva netsika dzakasiyana chaizvo uye netsika, nemagariro uye kunyange chitendero. Asi, pasinei ichi, vose vaigara imwe nyika: vaKaturike vaKristu Orthodox, vaya akanyorwa wechiLatin manyorero, uye vaya - vari Cyrillic.

Yugoslavia kwagara KUKWEZVWA nokuda vakundi zhinji. Somuenzaniso, Hungary ari XII remakore, yave akabatwa Croatia. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina vakatamira hweOttoman Empire, vagari venyika idzi dzakawanda vakamanikidzwa exchange kuna Islam. Chete Montenegro vagara vakasununguka uye akazvimirira. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko Turkish simba hachisisina simba uye simba, saka, Austria akatora pamusoro dzokuYugoslavia ndima kuti kare vaiva kuvaOttoman. Chete ari XIX remakore Serbia akakwanisa unoberekwazve sezvo yakazvimirira mamiriro.

nyika ino vakabatana ose akapararira Balkan nyika. The mutongi vokuCroatia, vokuSlovenia nezvimwe reYugoslavia marudzi akava mambo Serbia. Mumwe madzimambo, Alexander I, uyo akaronga kubvuta masimba uye akapa Simba zita idzva muna 1929 - Yugoslavia, iro anoshandura se "nyika South Slavs".

The Federal Republic of

History of Yugoslavia muna XX remakore akatora chimiro tikafunga hondo yenyika. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II pane wakasikwa simba Anti-yechiFascist kufamba. Vakomonisiti sangano remagandanga pachivande. Asi pashure kukunda Hitler, Yugoslavia haana kuva chikamu Soviet Union, sezvaitarisirwa. Iye akaramba akasununguka, asi munhu mugovanisi nyika, apo paiva bato raitonga mumwe chete - Communist.

Mukutanga 1946, ipapo kushandisa bumbiro, izvo chakaratidza kusikwa idzva Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia. It rinoumbwa matanhatu akazvimirira dzakabatana. Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, uyewo mbiri dunhu zvionera - Kosovo uye VOJVODINA - makaumba simba idzva. Iyo nyika Yugoslavia vakaputsanya mune ramangwana? Zviri izvi diki uye yepakutanga zvokuvhoterwa, ramakagadzwa mutungamiri kwagara Serbia. vagari varo vaiva kupfuura dzinza: anenge 40% of yose Yugoslavia. Zvinonzwisisika dzimwe nhengo Federation chinguva akafanana, uye simba mukati kukonana vakatanga, uye kukakavadzana.

Kutanga mugumo

Gakava pakati akasiyana madzinza - chikonzero chikuru kuti Yugoslavia Zvaparara. Iyo inoti pakutungamirira kuvhiringidzika uye kurwisa kwavo vatungamiri kwazvakarerekera? Chokutanga, kuchamhembe-nechokumadokero Croatia uye Slovenia, izvo rikabudirira, sokunge Vanongogara hwaivapo kwayo upenyu varombo marudzi. Hasha uye kushushikana pakati makuru ndokukura. Yugoslavia yakaguma nehanya vave vanhu chete, pasinei nokuti akararama pedyo sezvinongoitawo 60 makore.

Muna 1980, akafa yechiKomonisiti mutungamiri, Marshal Tito. Pashure paizvozvo, sachigaro Presidium akasarudzwa ose gore muna May pakati musarudzo vakabvuma ne mumwe zvokuvhoterwa. Pasinei kuenzana ichi, vanhu vachiri akaramba vasingafari uye vasingagutsikani. Kubvira 1988, zvinoshamisa hwakawedzera kuderera mupenyu mitemo zvose vagari Yugoslavia, akatanga kuderera mukurima, pachinzvimbo rikabudirira mitengo uye mabasa. Senior machinda munyika, vachitungamirirwa Mikulic akasiya, aida zvizere uchangamire reSlovenia, nationalist pfungwa zvakabvaruka Kosovo voga. Zviitiko izvi zvaiva mavambo nomugumo, uye kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Yugoslavia vakarambana. Iyo mamiriro inokamukana, inoratidza mamiriro mepu dzenyika, iyo pachena zvakajeka akazvimirira nyika zvakadai Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Slobodan Milosevic

Izvi rinoita mutungamiri akauya simba muna 1988, panguva yepamusoro kukakavara. Mutemo wake akatanga akatungamirira kudzokera pasi bapiro yeUnited zvokuvhoterwa kuKosovo uye VOJVODINA. Uye apo kwemadzinza vokuSerbia munyika idzi dzakanga vashoma, vanhu vazhinji vari munyika yake anotsigirwa. Zviito Milosevic chete yakawedzera yacho. Aida kusika munhu simba simba Serbian kana kungoti yaingoda zvinorwisana maari kutora ushamwari rehurumende chigaro, saka hapana anoziva. Asi pakupedzisira vakarambana Yugoslavia. zvakanzi rakakamurwa chero mamiriro, kunyange nhasi inozivikanwa vana. Nhoroondo muBalkan Peninsula iri mabhuku mugove ndima zvinopfuura chete.

Muna 1989, upfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika zviri FPRY ruzivo nokukurumidza kuderera. Ante Markovic, mukuru wemakurukota, akaedza kuita dzinotevedzana zvinhu, asi zvakanga vanyanyononoka. Mitengo yakasvika 1,000%, munyika chikwereti akasimuka pamabhiriyoni 21 emadhora kune dzimwe anoti. Against colour ichi, Serbia yakaita bumbiro idzva iro kunyimwa ari kuzvionera kuti VOJVODINA uye muKosovo. Slovenia, Zvichakadai, akaumba kubatana Croatia.

Pakatanga multi-nebato

History of Yugoslavia sezvo rimwe Batanidzai mamiriro kunoguma mukutanga kuma1990. Mumakore iwayo, nyika vachiri kuedza kuponesa kubva pokuwa: vaKomonisiti yakasarudza kugoverana simba nemamwe mapato avo vakasununguka uye vakazvimiririra kusarudzwa nevanhu. Kuda yakaitwa muna 1990. The Communist Party pamusoro Milosevic akawana mugove sarudzo cheshumba, asi pamusoro wakakwana kukunda aigona kutaura chete muna Montenegro uye Serbia.

Panguva iyoyo mune dzimwe nzvimbo Vachiita gakava. Kosovo akaramba yakandiomera matanho akatorwa kudzora Albanian nyika. In Croatia, vokuSerbia akasarudza kusika yayo kuzvionera. Asi guru akarova chiziviso ane Slovenian rusununguko duku, nokuti idzo vomunzvimbo akavhotera mu referendum. Zvadaro FPRY kutanga kuparara. Iyo nyika Yugoslavia vakarambana? Kunze Slovenia, kuti dhipatimendi uyewo akakurumidza Macedonia uye Croatia, ipapo Bosnia and Herzegovina -. Vakazova vakaparadzana inoti yeMontenegro uye Serbia, izvo kusvikira ichangobva vakatsigira kuvimbika Balkan mamiriro.

Hondo muYugoslavia

FRNYU hurumende refu vakaedza kuchengeta kamwe simba uye akapfuma nyika. Mauto akatumirwa kuCroatia kuti zvibviswe hombe mhirizhonga kuti rikamuka tikafunga kurwira rusununguko. Nhoroondo disintegration Yugoslavia dzakatanga chaiyo având, uye kunyange vachibva kuSlovenia - the chinoda vaviri vapanduki vokutanga. Mumakore emauto chiito, makumi ezviuru zvevanhu zvakaurayiwa pano, mazana ezviuru vakarasikirwa nemisha yavo nokusingaperi.

nemadzinza Next nechisimba rakamuka muBosnia uye muKosovo. The ropa vanhu mhosva kwerinenge gumi yakayerera pano anenge mazuva ose. Vanonzi Yugoslavian chikwata kwenguva yakareba ndisingakwanisi kucheka chero raitonga simba kana anochengetedza runyararo mauto kukandira West pano. Pashure, NATO uye European Union kunge akarwa pacharo Milosevic, achifumura ayo vachiurayiwa kuti vanhuwo zvavo uye utsinye pamusoro vasungwa vehondo mumisasa. Somugumisiro, akatumirwa pedare.

How nyika dzakawanda Zvaparara Yugoslavia? Pashure pemakore yokurwisana panyika mepu aumba pachinzvimbo chimwe simba nokuda matanhatu. Uyu Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Panewo Kosovo kuti rusununguko asi kwete nyika vose kuzivikanwa. Pakati pevaya akazviita rekutanga European Union neUnited States.