Voronezh Biosphere Reserve. Caucasian Biosphere Reserve. Danube Biosphere Reserve

Voronezh, Caucasian uye DDBR vari zvezvakatipoteredza nharaunda huru dziri muna FSU. Uye chii chinonzi biosphere chengetedza? Zvikurukuru, akadzivirira nzvimbo iyi, inova yakasiyana dzinongoitika zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza hurongwa. Uyezve, uye pedyo nenyika inongogara kuteverwa mumashure uye kudzidza dzinongoitika runyararo.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa Voronezh Reserve

chisikwa chake wehurumende kuchengeterwa zvikurukuru mutoro beavers. Nekuti asati kudzidza munharaunda National Park aiva kuvhima menagerie, izvo pakutanga akauya nondo uye beavers. Recent chimiro huru zvakakwana nyika.

Nhoroondo kuchengeterwa anodzokera 1919. Zvadaro, nokuti kuongorora mamiriro enyika Voronezh mudunhu rwendo akatumirwa pano. Boka remasayendisiti vakatora makore mana refu kuti zvakazara kuongorora nzvimbo, iyo zvino iri Voronezh Biosphere Reserve. Pashure paizvozvo, kunorwa mutungamiri akakumbira kuronga zvachose kudzivirira beavers kuitira kudzivirira vaparadzwe.

Nechekare akadzivirira nzvimbo akasikwa 1923, kwakaitika murwizi Usmani, musha muduku ipapo zana beavers. Nemhaka kutarisirwa nevanhu vakawanda beavers yawedzera zvikuru, uye vakaguma vave vava kuda kutsakatika. Muna 1927, dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo kwaitanga akava chengetedza. Uye akava Biosphere muna 1985.

chikuru mabasa

Voronezh Biosphere Reserve iri munharaunda Voronezh uye Lipetsk kumatunhu. nzvimbo Its anopfuura 30 zviuru. Ha. Reserve vatambi - Beaver uye nondo nemifananidzo, nenzwi mapazi.

Munguva yedu, nzvimbo iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe dzinongoitika nharaunda, iro rinotaura zvakasiyana siyana kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

The huru zvitarisirwa vari kuchengetedza pachitsuwa vashandi masango, mhando wakapfuma mhuka, kudzidza zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Uyewo, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve - nzvimbo tsvakurudzo mudonzvo vari mubasa kwezvakatipoteredza dzidzo vanoshingaira vemo.

muriwo nyika

On munharaunda ino kuchengeterwa ndiwo akawandisa zvisingawanzoitiki zvirimwa. Pano, inoshamisa mubatanidzwa pomuouki, nemipaini, Birch uye Aspen miti.

Voronezh Biosphere Reserve ibhuku rakasiyana nzvimbo, apo vachiri akachengetedzwa isingawanzowanikwi taiga chirimwa - blueberries. Uyezve, vakawanda mvura mitumbi mundima yayo. Saka pano unogona kuwana zvakawanda chisingawanzowaniki zvirimwa zvikure mu anezvimiti uye nenzizi. Pakati pavo vane floodplain alder, izvo vanotanga anotumbuka muchirimo, uyewo yakajeka mavara ari Iris uye Marsh Marigold.

In inopisa mwaka pamusoro Makungwa nenzizi musango kuonekwa Potbelly maruva, maruva uye vodokras. Mukuwedzera, munzvimbo iyi, kunyanya murwizi Ivnitsy inokura guru yakawanda Mhou Fern. Uye pamhenderekedzo Clear Lake, unogona kuona zvisingawanzoitiki mhando zvinomera - lzhekamysh zvavo.

mhuka nyika

Pakusikwa kuchengeterwa kwakabatana chimiro beavers, saka kudzivirirwa uye enhancement izvi uye zvimwe zvakawanda, ndiwo chikuru basa. Voronezh Biosphere Reserve yaigarwa vakawanda guru mhuka. Ichi mhuka musii, nemharapara mhembwe, Stony uye nondo.

Chinonyanya dzakawanda chikara yeparutivi kuonekwa akangofananawo gava. Zvisinei, pamusoro ndima pane kurei pazvikara zvakadai mapere. Chokwadi, nzvimbo inokosha muupenyu zviri kuchengeterwa inogarwa beavers, izvo Makawanza kubva makumi mashomanana ane mazana mashomanana.

Biosphere Reserve "Voronezh" anogara marudzi mapfumbamwe kunitsevyh. kazhinji Unogona kuwana uye chamatebwe. Zvisinei, Zvinonyanyozivikanwa mhuka mhuri Khomyakov. Pakati ichi mhando kakawanda kunogona kuwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana voles Somuenzaniso, vanhuwo zvavo, Ginger, mvura uye kwasviba.

mugove shiri iri chengetedza. Uchaona kwazvo shiri, shiri duku uye Rukodzi.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa Danube Biosphere Reserve

Nhoroondo iri kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo ine yakatangira 1981, apo munzvimbo Danube nemafashamo vakasikwa pachishandiswa bazi Black Sea Reserve. Akabva achiitei imwe nharaunda vanenge 15 zviuru. Hectares. Nemhaka World Bank mu 1995. The grandee akakwanisa kuronga pahwaro duku akadzivirirwa nharaunda huru Danube Biosphere Reserve.

The kuitika kukura kwakanga muna 1998, mushure chirevo President ndima yayo yakawedzera kusvika 50 zviuru. Hectares. Nharaunda kuchengeterwa ano anosanganisira Stentsivsko-Zhebriyanski zvakanaka Zhebriyanski muhomba fluvial chitsuwa Ermakov. Paakataura kwayo sezvamunoita uye Fisheries, inova musuo inotevera.

Kudzivirirwa Areas Development Program kuda kuwedzera kusvika 2015 Danube kuchengeterwa tichiregeredza chinokosha zvayo mararamiro ose wetlands, izvo iri guta Reni. Somugumisiro, Reserve achakurumidza kugara yose kuti zvinokosha wetlands ose Danube.

mabasa masayendisiti

Danube Biosphere Reserve chakatangwa kudzivirira rakasiyana hunhu Danube. Masayendisiti vari kudzidza hunhu Danube Delta, vanoitisa nechekumashure richiona kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, uyewo kudzidzisa vanhu.

Mukuwedzera, kutsvakurudza kuitwa mumunda zvakasikwa kuchengetedza uye kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza. Zvikuru kukosha kudzidza nevanhu zvinoita kuti chokuita mamiriro mararamiro rose. Kune vari kunze uye matanho kubatsira kuderedza anthropogenic kwevanhu kukanganisa zvakasikwa zvive zvishoma.

Reserve pamwe nemasangano dzakawanda, kusanganisira basa UNESCO zvirongwa. With ichi achishingaira anoswedera ruzhinji kuteerera zvinetso zvemhoteredzo yacho.

It akadzidza kwete chete kuchinja nemiti uye Fauna of kuchengeterwa, asi mvura uye mamiriro ekunze. Basa iri uyewo ichi- monitors Danube, marshes uye nenzizi duku.

Flora chengetedza

Nemiti kuchengeterwa akapfuma nemamwe zvirimwa. Flora Its zvinosanganisira anenge 600 marudzi akasiyana. kusiyana kwakadaro kubva Maruva hwaponeswa nemhaka rakaorera chaizvo ivhu uye zvizhinji unyoro. Mukuwedzera, ivhu rine yakawanda sludge kunokonzerwa parwizi.

Inonyanya kufarirwa mhando zvinomera zviri wakamanikana-leaved cattail uye bulrush. Pamahombekombe Danube unokwanisa kuona the willow mumatenhere, vane makubhiti anenge 100 metres. Munzvimbo iyi, pane chena, triandra, loshka uye dzimwe mhando zvinomera. Muchikamu mumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu kuchengeterwa anogona kuwanikwa amorphous Roses, gungwa buckthorn uye tamorizk galuzisty.

Muuswa hurefu unogona kuona nzvimbo duku hwemvura zvinomera. White mvura maruva, schitolistye floaters, akayangarara nati uye Salvinia zvinoyangarara - isingawanzowanikwi mhando zvinomera, izvo zhinji iri biosphere chengetedza. Photo yakasiyana mhando kusvikira ichangopfuura aigona chete kuonekwa Red muBhuku Ukraine. Asi nemhaka kuitwa masayendisiti ose zvisingawanzoitiki zvirimwa zvino hwomutambarakede dzinongoitika ezvinhu.

fauna of

Ko dzakasiyana uye Fauna of Danube chengetedza. Vakawanda zvipenyu inowira shiri. Nyaya iyi Makaichengeterwa nzvimbo - nokuda yakawanda yezvokudya mari. Pano unogona kuona imwe Gaviota, emumvura, wachena hanzi, coot, swans, duck uye Tern. Uyezve, panewo mashoma eshiri. Pakati pavo tinofanira kutaura Pink nehukurwizi, spoonbills, DALMATIAN Pelican uye Red-chipfuva Goose. Mukati Reserve, kwete chete shiri uchivimba munguva kutiza, asi vamwe chando waterfowl marudzi.

Pano unogona kuwana anenge 100 mhando hove. Vamwe nemhando vavo zvisingawanzoitiki chaizvo Somuenzaniso, Umbria, dimura diki uye yakakura, Sturgeon uye Danube Sarimoni. Pakati mhuka iri kuchengeterwa unogona kuwana mhuka nguruve, mhuka katsi uye raccoon imbwa, uyewo dzakawanda nezvinokambaira uye amphibians. Pakati vagari kuchengeterwa anopfuura 20 mhando tumbuyu, izvo rwakaiswa pangozi.

Nhoroondo Caucasian Biosphere Reserve

Nhoroondo inception kwayo muna 1924. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, nzvimbo iyi waidzivirira vakazoora kudzivirirwa mune zvemitemo chechetere. Kare, paiva sangano "Kuban kuvhima." Nharaunda Caucasian Biosphere Reserve - vanopfuura zviuru 250 hectares .. kuchengeterwa Izvi rakasiyana pakunaka kwawo uye vakasiyana mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Caucasian Biosphere Reserve muna 1999, akanga akanyorwa ari UNESCO dzinongoitika zvinhu kuti vane zvakasikwa kukosha. Territory kubvira 1997 rutivi dzakawanda samambure biosphere reserves. Ndiyo chete kuchengeterwa of Caucasus Mukuru, riri imwe kukwira anenge 3,5? Km pamusoro pegungwa.

chibatiso mabasa

Caucasian Biosphere Reserve ndiyo chinhu, mundima pari pasi kwezvakatipoteredza uye dzidzo mabasa. Asi chii chinonzi biosphere kuchengeterwa, uye chii ayo chikuru zvinangwa?

ECaucasus Nature Reserve iri zvachose anodzivirirwa nzvimbo, apo unogona kuwana chisingawanzowaniki dzinongoitika zvinhu zvinokosha dzinongoitika kana sayenzi ukoshi. vashandi vayo vari mubasa tsvakurudzo pamusoro zvisingawanzoitiki kwemarudzi zvakawanikwa munharaunda yayo, kuti kuongorora nzira yacho biosphere, uyewo kuongorora mwoyo zvipenyu anthropogenic zvinhu, uyewo avo kudzivirira izvi.

Basa rinokosha kudzivirirwa kuchengeterwa remasayendisiti anoridza nharaunda yayo kubva upfumi basa, nokuti vanofanira kuramba asina kuchinja kwakaitwa kuti hunhu wemunhu. Ake vashandi vabatsiri tsvakurudzo vanotenda vezvenhau kuti vabatsire kudzidzisa voruzhinji.

Landscape chengetedza

Caucasian National Park ane basa rakasiyana nemamwe nzvimbo. Pano unogona kuona mukuru nenzvimbo dzakakwirira, mawere, dzegirini, cuesta anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, vakawanda duku ine makungwa nenzizi gomo, coniferous uye masango yakavhenganiswa.

Ndechipi biosphere kuchengeterwa panzvimbo yakadaro? It ane nomunzvimbo dzine makomo, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva wehunyambiri zonation. Apa ndipo nival bhandi, subalpine masango vakavhengana, coniferous uye Beech masango, uye vamwe. In mumipata, unogona kuona sango uye Mafuro, uyewo makungwa uye hova gomo. The nenhongonya gomo akafukidzwa husingaperi mazitombo echando, izvo zvinobva uye nzizi Reserve zhinji.

uswa

Kuchengetera The nemiti iri siyana. In chete nzvimbo padzinosangana uye achinaya mvura zvinomera uye nokupisa-rudo. Munharaunda panozosvika zvinosanganisira anenge 3000 marudzi, izvo zvinopfuura 200 rudzi pamiti yose uitore.

Panguva kuchengeterwa inokura rakasiyana omusipiresi. Uyezve, pano unogona kuwana zvirimwa achiripo kubvira pre-glacial kumwedzi. Izvi Holly, yew there, Laurel uye ginseng. Kunoitika uye vakawanda zvakasiyana michero, michero uye miriwo.

The Fauna of Caucasus Nature Reserve

Nature reserves panzvimbo yokutanga akasikwa kuti achengetedze rakasiyana mhuka proozhivayuschih neimwe nharaunda. anopfuura 70 mhando mhuka vanogara Caucasian Reserve. Pakati pavo, mhuka musii, bheya, nondo, yokuSpain, Kuban mhumhi, gava, nembira, the marten uye dzimwe mhuka isingawanzowanikwi. Zvikuru kukosha nokuti kuchengeterwa vane simba bison.

Mukuwedzera, mundima kuchengeterwa unogona kuwana mhando anopfuura 240 eshiri. Zvinoita kudaro chisingawanzowaniki rudzi sezvo Bearded, griffon gora, chinyamudzura, Caucasian dema Grouse. Vazhinji izvi shiri dendere pamusoro munharaunda Caucasian Biosphere Reserve.

Kuzvikudza kuchengeterwa ndiyo hove dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo pane mhando anenge 20 rakakura. Kakawanda iri munzizi unogona kuona zvisvundu Rainbow. Uyezve, marudzi gumi amphibians dzakadai newt, muti datya uye Caucasian Parsley Frog uye anenge 20 marudzi nezvinokambaira. Vakawanda vavo - a Caucasian nedhambakura nechiva. Howa zhinji dzichikura mundima kuchengeterwa - anenge chiuru marudzi. Pakati pavo, 20 avo vari rwakaiswa pangozi.