Voivod - Voivod ndiko ... Russian

Voivod - iri kunzwisisa pfungwa, rinoumbwa nemashoko maviri: a "kuungudza" - "hondo" uye "mvura" - "mutungamiriri mutyairi." Sezvariri, tinowana "mutyairi mauto."

Shoko "gavhuna" - necheSalvic, muchiLatin yakafanana nashe, uye yokuGermany - Herzog. Panguva yekare Slavs upenyu ndakanga kunyanya muchiuto, uye yaiva tsika kusarudza vatungamiriri panguva madzinza Chamber iri chiitiko reuto kutyisidzira. Kana apedza, simba vehurumende rikaguma.

accretion simba

Muzana remakore rechi17 pakava kutyisidzira ndiani Slavs of reBaltic uye Western, sezvo ngozi lurked akasiyana pamakona, saka hurumende nevanhu yachinja wedzeredzei.

Voivod zviremera Russian ikozvino kwete chete nemauto, asiwo vehurumende uye pakunamata. vakuru rudzi akazviratidza, "vladavtsy", vanonzi "mukuru wavarwi", ivo akaita mabasa Chief Vatongi uye vaprista. Over nguva Slavs zhinji inonzi "gavhuna" akanga tinoshandurirwa yokuti "Prince." The dzakananga nguva neimwe yakanga pachavo uto raro uye gavhuna. Yaiva munhu arikuita yehondo nemauto basa, uye mutariri siyana rugare vehurumende zviitiko.

Kana yasimbiswa autocracy, regimental vehondo vakagadzwa chete Moscow pamadzimambo. Gonzo yakakamurwa 5 regiments, rinotungamirirwa mumwe kana kupfuura mirayiro. Chief inoti musoro guru hondo. Akabatsirwa vatongi vanamabharani vaichengeta okuverengwa uye vaiva mari kwema. Kwaitika ruvengo, zvakanga zvakafanira kuongorora zvose varume kurwa vari mazita, uyewo kusika vatsva kuti zvakarurama nyaya mubayiro mari. Musoro gavhuna zvechiuto yakaguma pasi Peter Mukuru, akasiya kwaingova zvavo.

Kuchinja pfungwa

Muzana remakore rechi16 paiva diki zvinhu. vehurumende dzainzi pagore kubva akagadzwa papera gore - mupurisa. Muzana remakore rechi17 paiva mukuru kutanga pambiru. In the Time Troubles, pane kudiwa muuto simba nokuda guta rimwe nerimwe pamwe chete nedare rinodzora nokuda Moscow uye enyika, izvo vaizova nesimba pamusoro zvose munzanga yacho. Yemanyorero anotumira zvinopfuura chimwe gavhuna uye vakawanda (wechipiri uye wechitatu voevody) vanamabharani uye. At dzinoshandiswa gavhuna hombe chikamu sectors vomunharaunda utungamiriri. mabasa avo anosanganisira kuisa mauto, achivaratidza mari mari kana chingwa, mubati mbavha namakororo, vapoteri. Vaifanira kutora matanho okudzivirira pamusoro moto, matenda, chamber pamutemo mitambo uye zvaiitwa, tipedze kutsemura, tevera vafundisi uye vomuchechi kereke kushanya. Voivod - ndiko, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mutongi. Akasarudza vehurumende nyaya kusvika 100, uye zvadaro kusvika 500 rubles. Avo pamusoro iyo vatongi vakanga vasina simba, vakatumirwa kuMoscow. Rufu zvinokonzerwa kwete chikamu kwavo wokureva, asi vamwe akazvipiwa uye kodzero iyi. Provincial basa raiva yemakwikwi chaizvo, "vaingofunga". Izvi zvakakonzerwa kwayo pfupi duration: The basa yakatora gore kana maviri, uye dzimwe nguva nhatu.

The abolition hwomubati

Muna 1775 nzvimbo magavhuna akanga chapedzwa. Voivodship mahofisi, yakaitirwa kubva panguva Peter, zvakavharwa. Zvisinei, wokuPoland, pambiru iripo kusvikira kumugumo rechi18.

Voivod Mikhail Ivanovich Vorotynsky

Sezvo 1543 Vorotynsky akagadza mukuru muguta Belev. Akazvisiyanisa panguva kurwisa Va Giray, ari Crimean Khan. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1541. Hondo kwakaitika panguva kwezana Oka. Kuedza All kuti kuyambuka kune rumwe rutivi vakanga pasina, sezvazvakanyorwa zvakanaka kurindwa nemauto Russian. Va Giray akasarudza kuedza kuputsa uchibatsirwa pedyo Turkish atirari. Tatars akazarura kanoni moto uye vakatanga kuyambuka rwizi, asi vakanga varega nemauto Russian akasvika gare gare, uye Crimean Khan akamanikidzwa kumisa inogumbura. Va Giray vakachinja kutungamirirwa kurwisa uye takatamira mauto Pronsk. Kurwisa yakatanga musi August 3. City shelled, asi akakwanisa vadzivirire. Zuva rakatevera, Khan akatamira inowanzorimwa. It vakatevera Michael Vorotynsky hama Vladimir uye Alexander. Mugumisiro nhimbe yavo zvakavharwa vavharirwa mitauro 45 - vasori akatumira Moscow. Muna 1551, Mikhail Ivanovich akagamuchira chinzvimbo "varanda youmambo", uye gore rakatevera kuchaita kutamba chihombe basa kukunda ari Kazan Khanate. In May 1566 Ivan Grozny Vorotynsky pa pachinzvimbo chevatatu boyar.

Pretich

Chimwe rinozivikanwa mumiririri Russian officio gavhuna ichi yekare Pretich. Iye vakananga kuti bhurigedhi kubatsira Princess Olga muKiev kukomba 968. It Pretich akayanana Pecheneg Khan.

Mukugumisa, chinofanira muchidimbu chii chave akati. Saka, gavhuna - ndiye mukuru, mubati pakati necheSalvic avanhu. History unoziva chaizvo akachenjera uye vakazvitsaurira nhengo hofisi iyi. Shoko "Gavhuna", inova fanano - "mutongi", isu kufambidzana chinhu simba uye rume. Zvadaro, chinzvimbo ichi yakaguma, uye nhasi tinogona kutaura pfungwa iyi chete nhoroondo chinoumba pamusoro.