Vazhinji kacho mumutauro weRussia sei? Kutsunga hwenyama. Affixes - mienzaniso

Vamwe nyanzvi dzemitauro vanofunga kuti mutauro wokuRussia akapfuma zvakadaro. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti havasi nhanhatu, sezvo vadzidzi vari kudzidza uye zvakawanda. Uye, sezvo zvinoitika, vane chikonzero chose kuomerera maonero ichi. Saka, sei mune Russian mutauro matambudziko? Ngatiedzei wofunga nyaya iyi.

nyaya hurongwa

Shoko rokuti "mhosva" muchiGiriki unorira "kuwa," uye kubva muchiLatin - "kuwa '.

Case (declination) - zvivakamutauro chikamu, akaronga kuratidza basa syntactic emazita uye kudyidzana kwavo nemamwe mashoko mutongo. Kuwedzera pazita dzakachinjwa pamusoro nyaya uye adjectives, PARTICIPLE, sezviverengo, zvisazitasingwi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kufa izvi adjectival mashoko kunoenderana declination ari pazita. It akaratidza kuchinja pakupedzisira.

vazhinji kacho mumutauro weRussia sei?

Tichitarisa Morphology mutauro Russian, inowanzonzi anonzi matanhatu nematambudziko makuru:

• Nominative (kwokutanga chimiro declination).
• Genitive.
• Dative.
• Accusative.
• Ablative.
• Prepositional.

affixes izvi akadana kunyanya nokuda zvikuru kushandiswa. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kuwanda kwavo nokuti kuti chikamu kutaura kuti vakanga ambotaurwa vari zvivakamutauro siyana tubhokisi izvi.

Nokuti yakarurama declension mashoko zvaunofanira kuziva kuti affixes zvose mibvunzo. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe wavo anotaurawo anoreva zvakawanda. Verenga nerimwe zvizere.

nominative

Dzinoenderana mibvunzo "uyo?", Kuti kuziva iyi "chii?", Unofanira kuwedzera rokuti shoko "riri". Somuenzaniso: kune (chii?) Mwenje. Kushandiswa pasina Zvireva mwene. A chete nhamba ane kuvhara:

• 1 declination: -a -n.
• 2 declination: -o, -e, kana razero.
• 3 kuderera: a razero nemagumo.

Uye muzvizhinji: s, s, s, ndipo.

Sezvo nominative nyaya chimiro mabasa kutaura yepakutanga, mabasa ake anosanganisira:

• kupa zita nyaya chiito kana mamiriro (mai vanorichenesa, vana vaneta);
• ona, kuti munguva chinhu, munhu kana chiito (eg mwanasikana Asha kwakaita - chiremba, hondo - njodzi);
• dana nyaya, chinhu, kuita, pfuma (akashandiswa mitsetse iyi type: mangwanani zuva ..);
• Express nezve rimwe bato (Little, sei kare Uri?).

genitive

Dzinoenderana mibvunzo "uyo?", "Chii?" Kuti kuziva iyi, zvakafanira kuti pazita kuisa shoko "kwete." Somuenzaniso: (? Chii) kwete Of chando. Wakashandiswa Zvireva mwene pedyo, pedyo, zvino, kwete, munenge, kubva, kuti, kumativi, kuti, kubva, kuti. A chete nhamba vagara vandifungira harinzwi dzakadaro:

• 1 kwokushanda: s, s.
• 2 declination: -a -n.
• 3 kuderera: s.

Muuzhinji ane nekuguma: zero, Female, -ev, -s.

Genitive anogona kuratidza:

• Nhengo yacho (mwanakomana muchina wacho).
• Carrier ehupfumi (rebhuruu).
• The chinhu kuti rwunotumirwa chiito (uchiona TV).
• Nyaya uyo anoita chiito (Amai asvika).
• Parts yose (chimedu cake).

dative

Shoko iri dative inopindura mubvunzo "uyo?", "Chii?". Kuziva izvi, zvakafanira kuti pazita kuisa shoko "kupa." Somuenzaniso: vakadzi hanzvadzi (Ndiani?). Wakashandiswa Zvireva mwene pana. In kuchisazitasingwi mashoko vachipedzisira dative:

• 1 declination: e, s.
• 2 declination: y, ndipo.
• 3 kuderera: s.

Muuzhinji declension kunoratidzwa kuvhara: -am, -yam.

Shoko iri dative inoitirwa kuti kureva:

• Destination mabasa (musikana akapa magazini, akanyora tsamba kuna mai vangu);
• Nyaya chiito kana mamiriro (vana ndisingarari).

accusative

Dzinoenderana mibvunzo "uyo?", "Chii?". Kuziva izvi, zvakafanira kuti pazita kuisa shoko "ona." Somuenzaniso, ndinoona (chii?) Amai. Rinoshandiswa pamwe Zvireva mwene iri, shure, pamusoro, pamusoro, kuburikidza. The chete nhamba anoenderana pakuguma;

• 1 declination: y, ndipo.
• 2 declination: -o, -e.
• 3 kuderera: a razero nemagumo.

Muuzhinji: razero nekuguma, s, Gospels, Gospels, -n, -s.

Accusative ngaadudzire:

• Rinoratidza chinhu chiito (yakachena mukamuri, kusona rimwe rokwe).
• Kunoratidza uwandu muchadenga, daro, mwero nguva (kuti kutyaira kiromita, kunyatsongwarira tani, kumirira gore, mutengo sendi).

ablative

Dzinoenderana mibvunzo "uyo?", "Chii?". Kuziva izvi, zvakakodzera kuisa pazita rokuti "vanozvikudza." Somuenzaniso: vanozvikudza (uyo?) Mwanakomana. Wakashandiswa Zvireva mwene ose, pamusoro, pazasi, pamberi, pamwe. A chete nhamba kuguma:

• 1 declination vakasuwa (-oyu) -s (-eyu).
• 2 declination vakasuwa -em.
• 3 declination vakasuwa.

Muuzhinji: -s, Zvaifungidzirwa, inofungidzirwa.

Instrumental zvichiitirwa kureva:

• Permanent kana pfupi basa vamwe mabasa (anoshanda somurwi, aishanda somutariri puramba).
• Subject chiito - nokuti kuvakwa pusa (imba akaputsa vashandi).
• Chinhu chiito (kufema okisijeni).
• Danho kana nechiito (peroxide rikurumidze).
• Place chiito (kuenda Footpath).
• Nzira, kwadzinoita chiito (nziyo bass).
• Chiyero nguva kana yakawanda chinhu (kutakura migomo).
• Chinhu parameter (chakakura chibhakera).
• The kugarisana vanhu uye zvinhu (mukoma nehanzvadzi).

prepositional

mibvunzo Relevant "ani?", "Chii?". Kuziva izvi, zvakakodzera kuisa pazita rokuti "kufunga." Somuenzaniso: Ndinofunga (ani?) Pane kufarira. Rinoshandiswa pamwe Zvireva mwene iri, musi, pamusoro, pamusoro, pamusoro, kana. A chete nhamba kuguma:

• 1 declination: e, s.
• 2 declination: -e. s.
• 3 kuderera: s.

Muuzhinji nemagumo in: Ah, ies.

Zvireva mwene vane emazita mu prepositional rubatsiro kutsanangura nezvarinomiririra. zvinoti:

• The chinhu Zviito (funga pamusoro musikana).
• Nzvimbo, chinzvimbo (kugara pachigaro).
• Apedza zvimwe zviito (musi pakasvika).

mamwe affixes

In mutauro wokuRussia, kuwedzera zvikuru nyaya nhanhatu, akazivisa zvinoverengeka siyana kuti vane makakatanwa chinzvimbo pedyo nyaya. Asi dzinonzi affixes emazita nokuti chinangwa chete declination kwavo. Idzi dzinosanganisira: mumwe genitive yechipiri (partitive kana quantitative-ablative), wechipiri prepositional (LOCATIVE, emo), wechipiri accusative (prevratitelny, yemubatanidzwa, seboka), kuti vocative chimiro (vocative), kuverengwa, zhdatelny, lishitelny nyaya. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha siyana izvi ndechokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo rinowanikwa shoma denderedzwa mashoko. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kurarama mune zvimwe zvinhu chechinyorwa. Ikakuruma kuongorora nyaya iyi. Mienzaniso kuchatibatsira zvirinani kubata navo.

Second genitive nyaya rakagadzirirwa kuparara vamwe mashoko ari munhurume kuchisazitasingwi, vachirondedzera kune wechipiri declension: cup, mumwe nendiro shuga. End hwenyama, kureva "Y" iri kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa kwezuva nezuva pakutaura uye haisi fanira (zvinobvira kutaura musaga shuga kana shuga bhegi). The anosiyiwa vari kure zviitiko: kunwa tii. Zvikuru yakawanda rume emazita hadzina akashandiswa chimiro partitive: kuutio chando, chimedu chechingwa.

Second prepositional declination yokusafa kuguma boka chaicho emazita risiri pamwe rume. Rufu rinoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, nemashoko anotevera: pamhenderekedzo, ari cabinet, muhondo. Uyewo kuti LOCATIVE chakanangana Kumikidzo kuchinjwa zvimwe emazita kupera muna declination rechitatu pamwe rechikadzi uye kuchisazitasingwi: iri runyararo, iri shallows, muchoto.

Second accusative kunoitika mamwe verbs (nesipereti, mapfunde, sarudza kuenda, vakagadzirira, ukadarika, chipepa uye vamwe.) Pashure rokuti "mu". Kunze kwayo kuvhara zvakafanana mune nominative muzvizhinji (abatane vezvikepe).

Zhdatelny nyaya dzinenge rinobatana pamwe genitive, asi inogona akapora nokuda declination vamwe mashoko chete Chimiro muchimiro chezvinhu accusative: kumirira (izvo munhu?) Uye kumirira neteregiramu (ndiani kuti?) Hama.

Tichiverenga nyaya siyanei kubva genitive mhosva uye rinoshandiswa kana mamakisi: matanho maviri, spoon matatu.

Vocative ndiye anenge kufanana kune nominative chimiro, asi anosiyana paumbwe yakazvimirira chirungamutauro, kufanana anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira: Van, Mush, Singing, Tan. Kureva, zviri zvikuru aiwanzoshandisa colloquially kureva rimwe bato.

Lishitelny nyaya iri mhando accusative Zvisinei, iri chete rinoshandiswa pamwe negation rechiito: Handina kodzero kuziva chokwadi.

Vangani vari Russian mutauro matambudziko, akapfeka nopindirana? Maererano Masvomhu edu vakatendeuka vanomwe. Asi zvinofadza zvikuru ndechokuti vamwe nyanzvi dzemitauro vaiona kwakakwana nzufu maviri chete: vemo (wechipiri prepositional) uye prevratitelny (wechipiri accusative). Vamwe vanoti zhdatelny nyaya anewo zvaanoreva. Asi sezvo lishitelny uye genitive wechipiri kazhinji genitive inogona kutsiviwa, vanogona kunzi chete mikana genitive muchimiro Achinyengetedzazve. Vocative uye Vakanzi uyewo vasingawanzotauri funga zviitiko. Muchiitiko chokutanga rinongova pazita iri nominative mhosva, uye wechipiri - iri rokuti chimiro chipauro.

To muchidimbu

Pashure pokuverenga mashoko ari pamusoro apa, unogona kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro vangani vari muzviitiko Russian. Saka, kuchikoro tikadzidza matanhatu makuru mhosva. Ivo anoshandiswa zuva nezuva kuti chero yokukurukurirana: .. Kukurukura, matsamba, etc. Asi kunze kwavari, govera zvimiro manomwe Achinyengetedzazve, izvo zvinowanikwa kunyanya kutaurwa mutauro. Vangani kacho zvinoitika zvikuru? Tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti vari gumi. Sezvo dzimwe mhando Achinyengetedzazve nzira zvinhu zvinokosha, havafaniri kudzidza pachikoro kuti zviite zvatinokanganisa. Asi tinogona kupa kuti vanyatsoziva navo vneklasnnoe nguva zvakafanana kukura.