Uripi muganhu kuUkraine kusvikira 1917?

Muganhu Ukraine kusvikira 1917 Kazhinji chigumbuso pakati seane uchenjeri mapurofesa kare, vezvematongerwo enyika akakurumbira uye tsika nenhamba. Paumbwe ano wehurumende vakapararira pamusoro emakore, iro maguta ekare uye marudzi vakatsiviwa kanopfuura kamwe kana kaviri.

The vasvike Cimmerians

Vanhu vokutanga panyika Ukrainian nharaunda vakava Cimmerians, vakanga ataurwa kuratidzwa munguva - ". Odyssey"

muArabhu Ancient, mutaure nendimi iri Iranian boka mutauro, aibhadhara kushanya kuGungwa Black mudunhu munenge muzana remakore rechi9 BC Vanzveri kuti kutsvakatsvaka ndudzi Cimmerian-kimmertsev of Lower Volga nharaunda, uye wakakodzera okunze waitwa kuti kugara steppes dzomusango mazana maviri nemakore . muganhu Historical rweUkraine achinja nguva kusvikira 1917, uye akatanga nokuti anenge 3000 apfuura, uye nzvimbo yacho kakawanda yakapiwa kubva panguva iyoyo, uye ungaderedza vakatora incredible chimiro.

Sezvo tsamba muArabhu havana kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pachavo vakasiya, kunze matongo nzvimbo saka kushoma panotaurwa renhoroondo dzamadzimambo nguva. Vomuzuva aiva nezvakawanda zvokutaura pamusoro anotyisa savages - vakawanda venhoroondo anorondedzera Cimmeria somunhu utsinye uye unyanzvi murwi uye tsika marudzi akatungamirira chinoziva marudzi adedere.

zvikara VaSitiya

Herodotus mutsamba yake, utsinye akafamba kuburikidza tsika nemagariro nemamiriro muArabhu uye mavara akatsanangura utsinye kuparadzwa pakati Cimmerians Aboriginal-chernolestsev. Chii chaiva Muganhu kuUkraine kusvikira 1917, tinoziva, asi zvinogona kumhanya kwese, kana asina kwaidarika ari inowanzorimwa vamabhiza zvishoma dzakabudirira dondo vanogara.

Zvisinei, zvichaitika chernolestsev nokukurumidza vakatevera Cimmerian. Ivowo, vaisagona dzinga vaSitiya, uyo nendege kune yokupakira mijenya, vakapamba misha uye akabvisa mabhiza nemombe.

Maruva mukuru inotevera sefungu muArabhu (VaSitiya) kubudirira mune V-IV remakore BC.

The nechepakati nhare chokutanga tsika pamusoro munharaunda Ukraine - Great cheScythia - rakarondedzerwa Herodotus. Muganhu Ukraine kusvikira 1917 kubva vaSitiya kutora chimiro pakutsanangura rectangle akapoteredza Northern Sea Black kubva Danube River kumadokero ichienda weGungwa Azov.

Sezvo nzvimbo ishoma Pripiat kuchamhembe uye mutsetse kuti kunosvika muna Chernigov ano rakanamatira Kursk uye Voronezh. Muzana III remakore BC VaSitiya muGungwa Dema steppes Sarmatians pakupedzisira kutsiviwa. On the Sea Black mapani marudzi wakagara anenge matanhatu emakore (kusvikira Muchiuru chemakore chokutanga BC. E.), Kusvikira vakadzingwa kure nokuda Goths uye Huns. Pashure kwavo nechisimba nharaunda rweUkraine riri hunodzorwa madzinza necheSalvic of Antes uye anoenderana sklaviny.

Muganhu Ukraine kusvikira 1917, ndaiva guru nguva yakawanda: a nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva kumhanya munguva iri muArabhu, uye ipapo kushandura chimiro nharaunda vakatanga kuitika yepasi pose nokukurumidza.

Sklaviny, Antes, venedy

About sklaviny anonyora kazhinji kutaurwa Gothic wenhau Jordan. Maererano naye, Slavs-sklaviny aiva tateguru, uye vanorarama marudzi matatu Vendian - venedy vakashinga, Antes simba, hama dzavo duku - sklaviny. Asi VII remakore French sahwira uye munyori wezvakaitika Fredegar akati kuti "musimboti sklaviny Wends".

Vanochera matongo vanowanzowana antskie pfuma zvinosanganisira goridhe nesirivha anobudiswa panguva mishandirapamwe uye vachirwisa pamusoro nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Masvosve Warriors Vakanga vakabata uta nemiseve, nhoo minondo bedzi chikamu mureza michina. Antes vaiona simba kupfuura necheSalvic rudzi; vaiva varwi-varwi muuto Byzantine.

Vasungwa inowanzoshandiswa sevaranda, kutengesa usaitora rudzikinuro kubva kuvavakidzani vavo pedyo dzaiva nokuzvibata imwe mhando iyoyo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure kwechinguva rakundwa muranda aigona kuva akasununguka uye dzakazara nhengo munharaunda. The chikuru nouMwari Masvosve - Perun - vaiona nekaupenyu atiitirewo.. Kuvhiya chibayiro - nheyo inokosha kutenda; pakati zvinopiswa aritari zvifananidzo, vanochera matongo vakawana chete yakabikwa chikafu, makwenzi uye zvishongo. Munguva masvosve Kiev akatanga gadziriro nucleation uye Volyn, izvo zvakachinja nemiganhu zvakare rweUkraine. Zvisinei, kusvikira 1917, zvakanga zvichiri kure.

Mabviro Kievan Rus '

Akatevera chinokosha munhoroondo yazvino wehurumende akanga Kievan Rus. Guta, iro rava muzinda wetsika uye munzanga yacho yakakura, vakavakazve nguva zhinji, akapisa uye kuparadzwa. Muganhu Ukrainian zvakachinja pamwe kusvikira 1917 - kuti rinofukidza yakapoteredza nyika, zvino kujekesa kuti Kiev namafuro.

State akapoteredza Kiev kugarwa rakamuka remakore rechi9, apo Slavs kure kumabvazuva uye vanhu Finno-Ugric Mapoka vakabatana pasi pokutonga Prince Rurik dzinza. History of Kyiv sezvo yakazvimirira guta-mamiriro kunotanga kubatwa guru Oleg, wakakubudisa marudzi Eastern necheSalvic.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri ehurumende

muganhu Ukrainian kuti yaifamba 1917 (kumwe mukupera 10th remakore, panguva ichatonga zvine mbiri Kievan Rus ') raiva mhiri Dniester uye okumusoro kunosvika pakati paRwizi Vistula kumadokero, akafukidza Taman Peninsula iri kumaodzanyemba uye akanyangarika chokumusoro kunosvika kuna Northern Dvina. Jogirafi zvinobatsirawo kupa guta Kievan Rus uye kunzwisisa kwayo miganhu marongerwo. Dangwe nemisha - Kiev, vakatevera vari lockstep akafamba Chernigov, Pereyaslavl yekare, yakakurumbira Smolensk, achivimbisa Rostov, Novaya Ladoga, muPskov, uye inoshamisa Polotsk itsva.

Ushe Prince Vladimir (960-1015 gg.) Uye Jaroslav (1019-1054 gg.) Kwaiva nenguva kubudirira mukuru ehurumende. Zvinoshamisa, chii chaiva Muganhu kuUkraine pamberi 1917 chimurenga! Akawedzera nharaunda zvinoshamisa; kubva Carpathians kuBaltic neGungwa Black mudunhu steppes.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi12 CE, simba Kievan Rus 'vakatanga inosiririsa pakati feudal kusabatana, mhirizhonga akaputsa kunyika dzakawanda yoga zvemisoro dzinodzorwa nemapazi akasiyana pamusoro Rurik. Kutanga muna 1132, yokutanga anonzi mukuru kutanga hadzimbotauri intra-mhuri, kana, pashure pokufa Mstislava Velikogo, mwanakomana Vladimira Monomaha, Muchinda Kiev zviremera havachaoni kuziva Polotsk uye Novgorod panguva imwe chete. Kiev haasi pamutemo vaiona guru sezvo zvikuru kuna Mongol nechisimba (1237-1240 gg.). Chii kungadai muganhu kuUkraine pamberi 1917 chimurenga, kana kwaisava nokuda Troubles? Zvichida Kievan Rus vaizopiwa rakura kusvika pakukura Roma uye muCarthage kuti kunonyadzisa kwevavengi kuwa pasi zvisingatsungiririki mutoro hombe umambo matambudziko.

Kuparara uye Smoot

Muhondo chete eMongolia kurwizi Kalka (zvino Donetsk mudunhu) mukupera May 1223rd akanga wakapindwa zvinenge zvose kumaodzanyemba machinda Russian, vazhinji vavo, uyewo vakawanda zvakanaka akaberekerwa boyars vakawira muhondo. Kubva machinda vakaparara yepedyo hama, varanda uye mukuru nevazukuru zvakazoita kuti nyika yakanaka exsanguination pakusununguka. Kukunda akaenda eMongolia, uye vakapukunyuka vaitarisira pakutapwa, uye nyadzi. Nengano kwakaderera kumaodzanyemba zvemisoro Russian awedzera zvaigumbura Hungarian uye Lithuanian feudal madzishe, asiwo zvakawedzera simba ramachinda Chernigov, Novgorod uye Kiev kumatunhu. Chii kungadai Muganhu kuUkraine kusvikira 1917, wedzera vose nepakudiwa Rusich? Vezvenhau zvinoratidza kuti vaduku princelings kunge gnawed mumwe pamwe chete mugumisiro - mune hondo kuti simba uye nyika angadai akaparara munyika anokudzwa zvikuru uye zvakanaka akaberekerwa vanhu Kievan Rus.

Kuwa Kiev

Muna 1240 iri eMongolia (rinotungamirirwa Batu Khan, muzukuru Genghis Khan, anotyisa,) vakandoteka Kiev madota. Vakasara muguta vakagamuchira Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, iyo eMongolia vakaziva ainyanya sezvo mwanakomana wake Aleksandra Nevskogo. Asi havana kuendeswa kune guta guru Kiev uye akagara Vladimir - kubva muArabhu dzomusango nemiseve yavo, nemombe tsika isinganzwisisiki.

Pamberi yechimurenga 1917 raiva pamuganhu? Apo vakanga vachimhanya hondo munguva Kievan Rus. Zvadaro, zvakasimba uye pakupedzisira akavamba kuitika kuti mumwe padiki zvinofanira kutorwa nechisimba.

kwavabati vose Galich

Mugore 1245-metres Yaroslavl muhondo (mu vemazuva Poland nezvaJarosław guta iri San rwizi) Danila Galitsky uye nehondo yake vakakunda echiShinto pakati muHungary uye Polish feudal madzishe. Danila Galitsky inobva Western chibvumirano pamusoro Golden Horde muna 1253, akagamuchira kubva Pope zita ramambo. Chiuru Daniel Romanovych nguva yakanga mukuru vachisimudza Galicia-Volhynia. Simba ehurumende kwakavadzungairisa hanya muna Golden Horde. The kwavabati akamanikidzwa kubhadhara mutero kuna Horde nguva dzose, uye vatongi vasina wakanyengwa kutumira mauto kuti vagari mishandirapamwe pamusoro eMongolia. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Galicia-Volyn kwavabati vakakwanisa zvinobudirira kugadzirisa tichifarirwa dzavo, vazhinji nhau wokumwe negwaro.

Muganhu Ukraine pamberi yechimurenga 1917 zvakachinja nokukurumidza. Izvi zvakaitika mumazuva Danily Galitskogo. In yechipiri yezana XIII remakore, Galicia-Volyn kwavabati haana kudzora zasi kundima, asi zvino yava kutonga pamusoro idzi uye kuwana kweGungwa Dema. Pashure pezvose 1323rd kutsva nharaunda zvakare akarasika kwemazana emakore akawanda. Polesie akanga yakatora Lithuania iri pakutanga XIV remakore ari munhevedzano rwehondo pakati Umambo kwePoland uye Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania. Nharaunda ceded kuPoland muna 1349, akava chiratidzo kuguma ichatonga zvine mbiri. Kutanga gore rino, kuti Galicia-Volyn kwavabati akanga pamutemo kusviba.

ndima itsva

Muganhu Ukrainian pamberi 1917 chimurenga, sezvo dzatoona, mune vadzidzisi zvuru gumi nguva achinja, uye kuti pane imwe nguva apo Lithuania akanga kupikisa eMongolia munharaunda Kirovograd ano, anotaura zvakachinja zvakare mhiri pamutemo.

machinda akawanda Orthodox vakanga vaisandishora rapprochement pamwe Poland, kunyange muna 1381-1384, 1389-1392 uye 1432-1439 makore. Yaiva hondo matatu. maguta akawanda, kusanganisira Somuenzaniso, Lviv, Kiev, Vladimir-Volyn, akawana hurumende yayo maererano ari muMagdeburg Law.

Mumakore 90 ari XIV remakore. Jagiello inonzi Vytautas nemhaka mubatanidzwa pamwe eMongolia vakabudirira murugare kubatana yakakura yose kumaodzanyemba yakakura Wild Field. Maererano nenhau dzakaitika muganhu kuUkraine, pamberi 1917 chimurenga, vakazopedzisira zvishomanene. New nzvimbo vakarega upfumi uye nzanga iyoyo zvishoma nezvishoma kuwana kucherechedzwa zvinhu.

Hetman uye Ruins

Akatevera zvinokosha muvandudzi uye akava mutongi Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The kumukira pamusoro 1648-1654. pasi utungamiriri hwake zvakaita kuti chidzoke ane zvionera Hetman. Hazvizivikanwi pamberi Kupindira of Cossack Ataman apo miganhu Ukraine. Kusvikira 1917, hurumende akasangana zhinji zviitiko zvinokosha. ruzivo kujeka uye Chidimbu, kazhinji kunobva chete yekare kare akarasika kushandisika mitemo uye magwaro. In Khmelnytsky Batsirai kushandisa nhamba zvisarudzo, iyo mugumisiro akava War Russo-muchiPolish 1654-1667. It vakabatsira kuti nekutumirwa kwemauto hondo pakati zvakasiyana hetman. Left-bhangi Ukraine aida kuva chikamu Russia uye Right Bank akatsvaka kuumba simba abatana Poland.

Kutanga New Russia

Zvino kuti munoziva akanga apo Muganhu kuUkraine kusvikira 1917 munhau zvakasiyana-siyana zvokukura. Panguva Northern War Hetman Mazepa tisingatarisiri vakatsigira Swedish King Karl XII, uyo akanga vakakundwa Hondo Poltava. Somugumisiro yacho kuzvionera uye kodzero Hetman vakanga shoma, uye basa nharaunda yakakura raiiswa nenzira Little Russian Collegium. Nguva pashure pokuwa Russian Empire hapana chinokosha miganhu pfuma akapa.

Nzira iyo muganhu yakaumbwa muUkraine pamberi 1917 chimurenga, kwaienderana vavatorwa mudzimba negwaro. The zita "New Russia" uye runoenzanirana contours mundima nyika vawana mukupera rechi18.