TU-134: Magadzirirwo

Imwe ngano Soviet ndege avhiyesheni akatora mumhepo muna 1963.

Kuunza ndege

Kutanga sixties yakanga dzinoratidzwa shanduko kumarudzi ose ndege. Kuchinja kubva pisitoni kuti ndege mutakurwi ndege hunodiwa kuti pave michina mitsva kuti tiwedzere mhepo motokari. Uyezve, kuwedzera kwevanhu mufambo zvoupfumi ndakasika yakasimba kudiwa mhepo senga mabasa.

The Most popular destinations vakanga vatova nyanzvi pisitoni ndege kungova ano kupatsanura pfupi ubate. Hazvina pakakoromoka ichi vaifanira kutora jeti airliner TU-134.

The kunopindirana marongerwo

The Chirongwa yakazokudziridzwa pamasikiro Tupolev kwakavakirwa yakapfuura chinozoiswa yokutevedzera. Rich ruzivo pamasikiro uto guru chokufambisa uye ndege rehurumende akapa anobudirira kushanda zvakagadzirwa uye okugadzira mhinduro. Taishandisa backlog kuti kare yakagadzirwa michina. Vakauya ndege TU-134 nokurondedzerwa kuti nechokwadi refu uye akabudirira basa.

Panguva iyoyowo ndege akaonekwa groundbreaking munzira dzakawanda. Inokwana muchina ranged kubva makumi matanhatu kusvika masere vanhu, zvichienderana marongerwo. Rikashandiswa riri dzakawanda zvinoita kuti mukati menyika muchina, rakakamurwa nemakirasi kuti kutakura vanhu vashoma.

For mudzimba dzakasiyana projected mutakurwi lounges pasina makirasi, waiva vanhu makumi masere chinzvimbo. The Tu-134 ndege zvichienderana akawanda okunatsiridza uremu chakachinja kuwanda mana navanomwe matani makumi mana namapfumbamwe.

injini

Two turbojet michina mudzimba pakukura wakaiswa pedyo muswe. Izvi Gondolas zvakakwana aenderane zvinodiwa kutanga unpaved uye havaratidzi akashongedzerwa airfields kutadzisa kupinda vokune dzimwe nyika midziyo kupinda injini. Chebasa mumwe injini yasvika matani manomwe, iyo inoita kutanga pfupi runways.

Mune ramangwana, nani injini uye kutsiviwa panguva overhaul. Cruising ndege havukavu TU-134 yakasvika masere nemakumi mashanu makiromita paawa rokutanga shanduro injini. With kugadzwa dzakachinjwa simba zviyero, chakatowedzera kusvika mana makiromita paawa.

Chairwo kurira Injini Tu-134, pedyo inzwi muridzo ndichifumira akabatsira mukuru recognizability nevakawanda ndege. Zvinonyatsorehwa pamwero ruzha zvinoberekwa injini pakutanga uye kukwira zvakazoonekwa kuti nokukwirira kwazvo. Izvi zvakaita kuti matambudziko nokushanda ndege panhandare dzakawanda mushure tightening pamusoro mitemo acoustic kusvibiswa.

Kugadzirwa muenzaniso

The motokari akabudirira chaizvo. Tu-134 akaratidza inonyanya mazuvaano kwaniso uye rakavimbika. Performance mukugadzirisa unhu uyewo akaita pfungwa. Zvavakatemerwa mundege TU-134 kubva crosswinds uye headwinds kurambidzwa yasimuka uye kumhara vaiva pakati duku kuti kirasi iyi ndege. Ichi chinowanikwa muchina rave chaizvo nani kutiza kakawanda.

The guru zvakaipira okutanga yokutevedzera of Tu-134 akanga kushaya neizvi vaise, izvo yekudyidzana anowedzera kuti braking chinhambwe pakati muchina. Kuti aripire nokushayikwa rakaiswa braking parachutes uye airbrake. Kukura muchina nokudaro kubvisa zvinhu wawa kwokutanga nzendo kukura kwendege.

Air Export Leader

TU-134 ndege kwave kwakakurumbira chaizvo, kwete chete pane nzira Soviet Union, asiwo dzimwe nyika. Inenge kubvira pakutanga kugadzirwa, akatanga kuita Flights dzimwe dzendege. Wedzera vazive mumotokari uye vakabatsira kubatanidzwa TU-134 munyika dzakawanda Air Show 1969 muna Le Bourget. The ndege akaratidza kwete chete padanho kukura Soviet ndege indasitiri, asiwo ano yokusvika pakusikwa Civil Air Fleet.

Kuwedzera inoti ari bloc Soviet, mumuchina kushanda munyika dzakawanda muAfrica, Asia uye Latin America. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, asi ndege akanga chikamu Air Force of importing nyika. Pashure pokuwa USSR motokari akaramba kuramba mhepo Kishi.

avhiyesheni Long

motokari yokutanga akasvika vendege muna 1966. Sezvo ndege iri mumhepo. Zvino muchina uyu akanga ari oga vatakuri kushumira chata ndege. Asi asati 2007, zvakanga chikamu mudonzvo Russian uye Kishi vendege kuita nguva mutakurwi ndege. Saka, muchina yave kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana kwemakore.

Kuwedzera chigaro chinotakurwa vatakurwi nokugara mabasa, akapa okunatsiridza kuti rinoitirwa machinda LEVEL. mapuranga aya anenge aine zvimwe zvinhu akawedzera nyaradzo uye kuchengeteka. Vakanga vakamisa rinokosha hurumende kukurukurirana hurongwa.

Paivawo okunatsiridza nemauto TU-134, chinangwa kudzidzisa vezvikepe uye navigators emauto avhiyesheni. Mumwe shanduro vakagadzirira pamwe maitiro mhino cône, yakashandiswa kuti mutyairi kudzidzisa kumberi bhomba.

Over nhoroondo firimu, urwo rwakatora makore anopfuura makumi maviri, zvakanga akasunungurwa anenge mazana mapfumbamwe makopi motokari okunatsiridza siyana. On chakarurama ichi Tu-134 ndorwevaya zvikuru kwose kwose mienzaniso Soviet mutakurwi ndege.

decommissioning

Mukuwedzera hwokugadzira uye kwesayenzi obsolescence pamusoro muchina, kushanda kugumiswa kushandiswa kwaro airidza zvakawedzera ruzha pamwero simba chirimwa. New ICAO mirayiro hwogumisa zhinji dzakawanda dzakasiyana kuti akashanda pedyo Tu-134. Munzvimbo yasara vaisagona kupa kuregawo-kunyange kushanda wokuenzanisira uye kukwikwidzana mamwe ndege ano vagadziri vavatorwa uye mudzimba.

Kunyange zvazvo ndege yakanga yabudisa kusvikira 1987, nokugara ndege vakarega kushandisa muna 2008, achitsiva michina nezvimwe mavanga. Nhasi inoenderera goho motokari muenzaniso uyu nevamwe Zvivako mhepo chokufambisa. Zvisinei, nguva zvinotora yaro, uye muduku ndege pefiyumu ichi kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu. ndege kupfuura zana yasara chikamu vendege, asi kuguma nhoroondo mbiri dangwe pakati Soviet mutakurwi ndege haasi kure.

Tsaona uye zviitiko

Kwemakore akawanda, kuti Tu-134 kuitwa mudenga, kwete pasina tsaona. Asi ndege akaramba kunzi yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika muchina. Ndege njodzi Tu-134 kunge kashoma vakasonganira pamasikiro muchina, yenhengo dzayo nemagungano.

The chikuru Chikamu nenjodzi pamusana zvinongoitikawo kana munhu chinhu. The ndege vakavhiyiwa pasi ezvinhu izvo havasi kuremekedza inodiwa ndege yakachengeteka pamwero, kwete chete muna USSR asiwo kusimukira. Zvishandiso michina akasangana zvinodiwa nenguva iyo akasikwa, uye zvaida unyanzvi uye vashandi mabasa uye pasi mabasa.

In zvose makore kushanda Tu-134 zvikonzero asina chokuita mabasa echiuto, zvakanzi arasika kupfuura-makumi matanhatu nemashanu ndege, dzikavauraya kusvika rimwe nehafu vanhu zviuru.