Tribune vanhu - zviri ... History of Ancient Rome

Social hondo kwagara zvinonakidza vaongorori, uye nhoroondo yeRoma yekare rakava muzinda kutsvakurudza masayendisiti panguva Renaissance. Zvekufamba kuti Makawana kubva kavha zvinenge zvose zvatinoita enyika, tsika uye zvoupfumi wamambo, kuti Republican uye Imperial nguva. Somugumisiro mukirasi hondo pakati simba uye ane masimba ose plebeians patricians, mutsva nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira rezasi strata vemo.

Kwakabva tribunes of Institute

Tribune vanhu - chiri hofisi zvokuwedzera ane chinangwa chikuru chaiva kudzivirira nomutemo vanhu vakaderera kubva nehanya nezviremera.

Plebeians - zvinenge disenfranchised nevanhu muboka, iyo yakaumbwa somugumisiro evanhu nokutambura. Vaiva nekodzero duku nomunda. Asi zviri pamusoro plebeians vakatsvaka kuzochera reRoma paakaenda simba, vaida kuti mauto zvikuru simba. Kokutanga musanganiswa yakakwirira uye ezasi strata chavagari yakaitika paitonga Servius Tullius. Iye kudzorwa ari administrative hurongwa - panzvimbo madzinza yemadzinza miganhu akauya. The Munhurume vakawanda yakakamurwa 6 matomu, zvisinei mavambo. In youmambo nguva, pasarudzo zviremera rakapotsa zvachose, asi nemagungano dzakakurumbira vakatanga kuungana pamwe pokugadzwa zvokuvhoterwa. Comitia pakati emakore chakatsiva mambo uye akaita masimba akafanana. Patricia zvakashandiswa simba Seneti. Panguva iyoyo yakawedzera kurwira kodzero plebeians - vaida kuwana mikana yakaenzana pamwe patricians muupenyu paruzhinji, akatsvaka mukana chikamu chikwereti. Muna 494 BC. e. - in kutsutsumwa pamusoro weSeneti - the plebs kuenda Mutsvene Mount. Yaiva secession wokutanga. The Seneti akaita yakabvumirwa kuvapo uye akabvumira kuti kuronga kuzozivisa pambiru wedzimhosva vanotsigira kodzero dzevanhu.

Ko shoko "wavarwi vanhu"? Rinobva pfungwa "rudzi" - nzanga muRoma. Saka kudana vamiririri nevanhuwo, ayo vamiriri yakasarudzwa rimwe gore.

Kurwira kodzero

The plebeians vakakwanisa kupa nemishonga zvombo, nokuti panguva iyoyo vanhu vakawanda vaiva pahondo uye aiva nounyanzvi. Tribune vanhu - ichi ndozvinoita kuti wamuka somugumisiro pamushandirapamwe pamusoro patricians. Ekupedzisira vakatya uye akaita zvichemo. Asi kwete vose vaifara inotungamirwa rutsva mumhanyi. Vanotyisa hondo dzakarwiwa Marcius Coriolanus - iye yakatanga hombe hondo. Hondo yakamiswa chikumbiro pakati patricians pachavo, uyo aida kuti rugare. Zvino zvikazikamwa vakanzwisisa kuti zvinoreva shoko "wavarwi vanhu" chaizvoizvo - kwete muhofisi zvokuwedzera, asi mugumisiro tichirwisa zvinotarisirwa vose Rome dzisakarurama. Social kutamburira Rakaratidza kwemashoko itsva nzvimbo uye wake simba.

Masimba uye mabasa

Huru basa raiva kudzivirira kodzero nevanhuwo - the plebs. Tribunes aigona kufurira chisarudzo guta kanzuru, Seneti. Havana simba chete pamusoro censors uye navadzvanyiriri. kodzero dzavo dziri kwakunoitwa mukana kurambidza, akanaka vehurumende, vagari vanhuwo kuti kutyorwa siyana. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakagamuchira uye zvemitemo kodzero.

Mikova yeimba yake vaifanira kuva nguva dzose yakazaruka vanhu - wavarwi vanhu, munhu mutsvene munhu muRoma, aisungirwa chero nguva kutsigira uye kudzivirira vaya vaiida. Tinogona kutaura kuti akanga akasunganidzwa kuRoma - zvakanga zvisingaiti kusiya guta kwenguva inopfuura zuva.

nzvimbo iyi yaiva musimboti pave democratic pfungwa uye zvinangwa. Asi basa vanga anogara zvimwe pavanotaurirana akaita kurega kunotanga uye nekusagona kupfeka chete mhinduro. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, masimba uye kodzero zvakasiyana uye zvishoma nezvishoma anyangarika panguva umambo.

Development rutsva mumhanyi

Nokufarirwa kubva wavarwi pamusoro plebeians vavengi havana kutapudzwa. Most pamwero mukuru hondo kuzorwa navo akatungamirira patritsialny rudzi Apiev Claudian. Muronga zviitiko zviri Republican nguva akadzidza kuchikoro, dingindira - "Ancient Rome" (Grade 5).

Over nguva tribunes vakanyanya - nhamba yakwira kusvika 10. Paitonga decemvir romukova yakamboshandiswa kuregwa. The reactivation of tribunes nokuda kuitwa mitemo «XII pamatafura." Ivo chakachinja zvikuru: kodzero, masimba, akafanana madzinza.

Maererano nemitemo Valeria Horace plebiscite aiva munyika simba. Tribune vanhu muRoma zvishoma nezvishoma mamwe masimba kwemitemo. Nokukurumidza, akaregwa dzisakarurama muchato plebeians uye patricians. By IV remakore BC. e. comitia tribunes akatanga Paramende. Panguva ino, kukunda mukuru kubudirira - kuwana munda kubva "mukuru munda" Akakunda nyika, chikwereti yakava shoma onerous. The plebeians vaigona kukodzera pambiru Mumiriri - akava wokutanga Licinius stolons. Nokuti IV remakore BC. e. wamauto vanhu - ndicho kuvimbika pachena sangano pamwe kodzero pamusoro zvemitemo danho.

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo huru

Gayo Tibheriyo Gracchus - vanhu tribunes, uyo akakwanisa kutora mitemo zvikuru inokosha chokuita zvokurima mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. komisheni chaiyo kushanda bhiri akasikwa. Musimboti dzaita - the nationalization wenyika, nokuda iyo emakore akawanda akakura akapfuma uzivewo uye uzvitumire kuna vanhu. The National Assembly vakapfuura murairo, asi patricians vakatanga kukwira nemishonga zvombo. Tibheriyo akaurayiwa, asi mabasa ake mberi Guy.

Naiyewo akasarudzwa wavarwi vanhu, zvisinei, vakabata yakasiyana nehurumende. mitemo yake yakawanda anonzwisisa panyaya akaturikidzana zvose. Pakutonga zvinhu ennobled vatasvi, anenge equating simba ravo kuti ukuru vakuru. Guy akaisa yakawanda nesimba kuti kusika mhiri kwemakungwa dzaitongwa. chinangwa chake chikuru chaiva muCarthage.

Basa Guy nevanopikisana patricians. The Seneti akapa kupfuura muvengi Gracchus, somugumisiro muvandudzi yakanga akaurayawo - kuitira yake muranda ndokukuvadza mumwe anofa ronda pakagadzirwa nematanda. Chisarudzo ichi wakabatwa nokuda rufu Vatsigiri Guy ari kurwa nezvombo pamwe Seneti. Kuchinja Gracchi hama vakakundwa.

makore kuderera

Seneti zvishoma nezvishoma rinongotaura kodzero tribunes. Kwenguva pfupi, nokuda kushorwa pamusoro optimates uye akakurumbira, simba ravo uye nomukurumbira kuwedzera zvakare. Asi zvisingagadziriswi dambudziko nyika yarova wavarwi kuti mukurumbira. Livius Drusus kuedza kuona zvavo agrarian bhiri kwakaguma zvokufa - akaurayiwa.

Vakashaisa tribunes uye mudzvinyiriri Cornelius Musandu. Maererano nomutemo, dare aifanira kubvuma zvemitemo matanho. A wehondo vasingagoni kushanda chinzvimbo kumusoro. Munguva consuls Crassus uye Pompey kwenguva neropafadzo vose vakadzokera.

The chinzvimbo hachisisina aimbova zvinoreva pashure kuuya nesimba Yuliya Tsezarya - akazivisa pachake wavarwi vanhu nokusingaperi. Ose madzimambo saizvozvo. Pakupedzisira, nzvimbo yakanyangarika ari III remakore BC. e. Tribune vanhu - yaiva chete zvako kanomirira Republican Rome kukura nguva.