The yokuita kubikira pasoda. Mushaba: Formula kushandisa

Dzimwe nguva zvikuru munhuwo uye nomuzikamwi kubvira pauduku zvinhu zviri vanenge mushonga kuti zvirwere zvakawanda uye zvirwere. Just haasi munhu wose anozviziva izvozvo. Mumwe remubatanidzwa kwakadaro dzose kubika pasoda, kunochengetwa mumwe cabinet mukicheni. Zvakaratidza kuti iye haasi chete nzira kuvandudza kubika, asiwo mushonga, degreaser, mishonga uye kunyange decontaminating pomutumwa. Vanyatsoziva pamwe fuma zvakadzama.

Makemikari Panobva pasoda

Zita muchimuranga pamusoro ikoku maererano kemisitiri - yavaibvisa bicarbonate. Kune mamwe mazita anoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kemisitiri kutsanangura fuma iyi:

• yavaibvisa bicarbonate;
• kugocha mushaba;
• kugocha mushaba;
• yavaibvisa bicarbonate;
• chirungiso E 500.

Zvisinei, mumwe wavo kuratidza chete zvinoreva wechokwadi - a pasoda.

The empirical fomura

The yokuita kubikira pasoda - NaHCO _3. Kureva, pachisikirwo zviri pfuma - iri munyu carbonic acid, vakarondedzera muchikwata che acid. Sezvo mukomboni chakaumbwa yakasimba alkali uye simba acid, ipapo nokuda hydrolysis (mu aqueous mhinduro) kuti alkaline kuita svikiro. A mhinduro kuti kubikira soda mumvura ine ph kuti 8.1. Acid munyu iri nyore inoumbwa zvokuverengera yavaibvisa hydroxide uye carbonic acid, mumwe muitiro dzinoratidzwa anotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

NaOH + H ₂ CO ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O

The empirical yokuita kubikira pasoda unoratidza Qualitative uye quantitative Zvinoumba mukomboni pachishandiswa iyo inogona akapedzisa pamusoro spatial nemamiriro Morekuru iri chokwadi mhosva nokuo- nga ari Na ⁺ ari kwokunze mumunda uye isakarurama mhosva Ion, hydrogencarbonate HCO ₃ - iri menyika.

kabhoni atomu ekufambisa kumativi pacharo matatu okisijeni maatomu, mumwe iyo inowanikwa chisungo kaviri. Uyewo, mumwe okisijeni maatomu chokuita hydrogen nokuo- nga fomu gidroksogrupp. Wechitatu okisijeni atomu muchimiro yavaibvisa Ion chokuita pedyo nokuo- nga. Nokudaro, ndanyarara hangu valency nechimwe chinhu vanoumba ari kupiwa akakura.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Chero zita isu akapa fuma iyi haisi - kugocha pasoda, kunwa, carbonate, yavaibvisa bicarbonate - nzira yemaitiro ichiripo mumwe uye anopa pfungwa zvinooneka zvivako. Saka, chimiro nemadota - upfu. ruvara raro chena. Hazvina soluble mumvura uye kushanda insoluble mu zvinoita zvokufembedzwa (doro, somuenzaniso). Panze haana yaora. Rwunotanga anoora panguva yakakwirira ambient mwando. Zvibereko disintegration wakakwana ndichifumira tembiricha vari yavaibvisa carbonate (avhareji munyu), carbon dioxide uye mvura:

NaHCO ₃ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + CO ₂ + H ₂ O

Yavaibvisa bicarbonate haana kwakanaka, zvishoma vava kuravidza, munuhwi ane alkali. Kana zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura, rinopa alkaline mhinduro kuti kuwanda siyana.

Brief ruzivo nezvenhoroondo kuwanika uye kushandiswa pasoda

mashoko okutanga pamusoro yavaibvisa bicarbonate vaivawo rekare mubudiriro yeEgipita. Zviri munzvimbo idzodzo madhamu akawanda kuti ane chaivo manyuko pasoda akaparadzirwa. Kana kupwa kwegungwa akapa pasoda muchimiro chena upfu, asi vanhu izvozvo ikaunganidzwa. VaIjipita akarishandisa somunhu chinoumba iri kugadzirwa nenzira pakuomesa zvitunha. The yokuita kubikira pasoda ipapo akanga asati kuzivikanwa.

Zvakananga, sezvo makemikari remubatanidzwa zvinhu kwave kudzidza pave paya, vakakomba XVIII remakore. Ndipo apo masayendisiti vanofarira upfu ichi chakaumbwa sezvingatarisirwa pachisikirwo. Kunyatsoverenga sezvamunoita kuongorora kubvumidzwa kuona Qualitative uye quantitative zvinoriumba akakura. Ndiwo sei yazvino yokuita kubikira pasoda.

nomupiro Great kukudziri- vanodzidziswa nyaya uye zvivako hwakaratidzwa navo wakatangwa chiremba Italian Tullio Simoncini. ndezvomunhu kuedza, migumisiro kwaAri iyo pasoda - zvichibvira kurapwa chingaitwa kenza. Zvisinei, kuti zvevakomana, mashoko akarurama, izvi zvinosimbisa ikoko.

mafomu

Nokuda kwayo kukwanisa zvakanaka mudutu nemvura uye sei pamwe acids kuumba maitiro carbon dioxide, pasoda inoshandiswa muminda wandei bhizimisi uye neveimba. Kureva, akadai:

• pharmaceutics uye mushonga;
• makemikari indasitiri;
• chiedza indasitiri;
• chikafu indasitiri.

Ngatikurukurei muudzame nerimwe munzvimbo.

Inoshandiswa mukurapa

Chikurukuru, chii chinoita yamarudzi kushandiswa mushonga - kukwanisa kwayo kuwanazve chinhu aqueous-alkaline takatsiga mune zvomudumbu turakiti. Remubatanidzwa NaHCO ₃ chokuita antacid kurapwa. The yokuita kugocha pasoda kunoratidza kuvapo hydroxide ions, kuita mashandiro neutralizing ari acidity mumuviri. Saka, vakawanda mvura mhinduro pamusoro yavaibvisa bicarbonate rinoshandiswa kubvisa zviratidzo chirungurira. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo chete nzvimbo zvirwere, apo nefuma anogona kushandiswa.

1. In pakurapa chikosoro kubikira pasoda Unotsigira chikosoro sezvo kunosimudzira liquefaction uye nokubviswa sputum kubva mumapapu uye principales. Uyewo zvinokwanisika kuita inhalations pamwe SARS.
2. Somunhu bactericidal Anti-anogumbura mumiririri uye rinoshandiswawo kubikira pasoda. Formula zvinoratidza kuvapo rehydrogen cations H ^+, izvo zvinopa izvi.
3. Nokuti pakurapa zvemwoyo (neBP uye arrhythmia) rinoshanda simba mhinduro ine yavaibvisa bicarbonate mumvura.
4. Kana manyoka uye kurutsa, kushandiswa kubikira pasoda uye munyu pamwe chete kunoita kuti vazadze mvura kuchengeterwa pamuviri uye kuti vadzorere zvakakodzera nomwero.
5. The fuma anogona kuparadza fungal zvirwere, saka rinoshandiswa kuti kubviswa rutsoka notumwe kuita douching mhinduro thrush, kushambidzwa ziso inflammations ose conjunctiva.
6. Nokuda ehupfumi vaishandisa bleaching pasoda dentifrice.
7. Simba mhinduro hakubvisi pruritus pa ganda mapundu (kana zvipembenene ikaruma).
8. Treatment kwokutanga Hutsvi.
9. Uderedze muviri weheavy metal munyu.
10. It kunoitika kunetseka kuzorodzwa uye kuneta, uyewo ndichipfeka kubvisa yokufutisa nokushandisa kugeza nemvura inodziya pamwe NaHCO _3, uye zvinokosha anonhuwirira.

Kubatsira uye ngozi kugocha pasoda kana kushandiswa zvokurapa zvinangwa, kusanganisira zvizoro, vanogona kutaura zvakawanda. The chikuru Kutonga ndiko kushandiswa chokushandisa ichi, uyewo mamwe mishonga - kwete kuregeredzwa dzave dziri chipimo chemushonga. Zvisina mwero kunogona kukuvadza utano.

Mushaba: fomura uye kushandisa makemikari indasitiri

Huru nharaunda umo yavaibvisa bicarbonate rinoshandiswa - mhuri kemisitiri. Mushaba ave runyoro hasha yakachena hukawanika uye degreasing. Uyewo rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa madhayi, furo uye fluoride yeimwe. Uyezve, pana NaHCO ₃ kugadzirwa ukabvisa nevamiririri.

Haugoni kufungidzira zvingadai kungovapo pasina yavaibvisa bicarbonate mhuri makemikari. Baking mushaba - chinokosha uye anodiwa pakuderedza vakawanda namakemikari Syntheses.

chiedza indasitiri

Nokuti pakurapa hukawanika vari zvaAtemisi rabha, rabha inotsika uye zvigadzirwa vaishandisa pasoda. The yemaitiro, kushandiswa, kukuvadza uye zvakanakira yavaibvisa bicarbonate muchiedza indasitiri - nyaya yokudzidza. Muchidimbu, basa NaHCO _3, kunosanganisira kushandiswa iri zvaAtemisi Textiles uye chakagadzirwa nematehwe. Panyaya iyi, kukuvara kunoratidzwa nechitarisiko kutsva kana kunyorerana nefuma iri kuresa uye maoko ake akanga asina kudzivirirwa. The zvinobatsirei kuti pasoda - a Kuwedzera kukuru uye degreaser ganda kusukuta matehwe yayo firimu, uyewo wakanaka dhibi micheka iri Whitehead Textile mubhizimisi.

chikafu kugadzira indasitiri

The yokuita kugocha soda kemisitiri unoratidza musimboti kwemasayendisiti vari siyana pamwe acids. Somuenzaniso, zvinotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kunorondedzerwa kuita pamwe acetic asidhi:

NaHCO ₃ + CH ₃ COOH = CH ₃ COONa + H ₂ CO ₃

Izvi unoumba carbonic acid, kuva kusagadzikana chaizvo pakarepo uchiora kupinda CO ₂ uye H ₂ O. Zviri panguva ino chaiyo kuyerera yakavakirwa siyana uye kushandisa yavaibvisa bicarbonate yaigadzira zvokudya. Handiti, zvakakodzera kuti kugadzirwa kubikira pasoda kudzima vhiniga, wedzera musanganiswa kupinda mukanyiwa nokuda kwayo porosity uye nani yokuronga patsva. Mushaba richipedza maitiro mhando neutralization maitiro uye achabatsirwa mishoma zvazviri achipupuma furo uye shinyira.

Kushandiswa pasoda kuita makeke dzakapfavirira chaizvo, chinonhuwira uye akanaka, saka zvokudya indasitiri - mumwe mukuru sectors apo tonnage akashandisa fuma iyi. Uyewo, yavaibvisa bicarbonate inoshandiswa kubikira, iri kugadzirwa-siyana confectionery zvigadzirwa. Uyezve, rinoshandiswa kuumba gasi matema mu carbonated zvinodhaka (ikapenya mvura, ikapenya waini uye ikapenya waini, chicherwa mvura).

Kubika mushaba: maitiro uye kurapwa. Kukuvadza uye contraindications

Kutaura zvazviri, kushandisa pasoda iri chaizvo akasiyana-siyana maindasitiri uye upenyu, sezvo tatoona pamberi. Its chechienzi hunorapa, antibacterials, bleaches, kunonyaradza uye achiporesa zvivako zvinoshandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, sezvo nevamwe mushonga upi, isuwo tine pasoda uye nokune rumwe rutivi. Zvingatiita zvinokuvadza chaizvo uye ngozi kuutano. It zvairatidza kuti kushandiswa zviri pachena, asi hapana zvisinganyanyi kukosha, uye contraindications, izvo tichaongorora zvizere.

Kukuvadza uye contraindications

Mumwe anogona kumbotipa mashomanana zvinhu zvinoita kuti pasoda anogona kuva muvengi pane shamwari uye mubatsiri.

1. With kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba mushonga kunoitika mukati imwe iine acid rebound maturo. Uyu muitiro umo ane zvakawandisa yakawanda carbon dioxide inobvisa kusunungurwa muviri, zvichitungamirira vawedzere acidity ikawanda gazootvedeniyu, bloating.
2. Long kuonana upfu kunogona kukonzera kutsamwa uye mapundu.
3. Contact pamwe akaoma pasoda upfu mumaziso, mhuno kana zvimwe mucous membranes muviri chikonzero namakemikari kutsva.
4. Kana tichishandisa upfu kuti bleaching mazino uye kuipa wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose zino enamel.
5. Kakawanda kudyiwa NaHCO ₃ mukati zvinogona kukonzera manzwiro svoto kuti shingirira.

Saka, zviri pachena kuti kwete chete yakanaka basa reDare pasoda munhu. Kubatsira uye pokukuvadza kurapwa - chinoreva zvakawanda zvinhu. Pamberi kushandiswa kwakapararira yavaibvisa bicarbonate nokuda kuroora kubvisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, vanofanira kuona chiremba. Kana mushaba rinoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva (kuchenesa hukawanika, bleaching kuti machira zvichingodaro), haufaniri hanya inokosha nzira nedziviriro asiri kushandisa pfuma.