The pakukura Russian cosmodrome. spaceports Russian

Modern spaceports Russian zvinonamatwa kuti basa rinokosha mune zvesayenzi, dzezvoupfumi, socio-enyika, kukurukurirana nemagariro panguva dzakasiyana siyana. MuRussia, pane zvose zviripo uye pasi kuvakwa Mapedhi. Apo Russian nzvimbo kanda? Mazita zvinhu zvavari ikozvino kukurukurwa?

Ndezvipi spaceports muRussia?

"Baikonur", "Plesetsk", "Kapustin Yar", "Clear", "Free" uye pasi "East" - rechimanjemanje spaceports Russian. List of runoenzanirana chinhu, Chokwadi, zvinogona kugadziridzwa - zvichienderana sei kwezvivako chichaitwa richiparadzirwa actuated ari kuumbwa nzvimbo purogiramu Russian. Zvinoita kuti nokuda guru nzvimbo nzvimbo dzakasiyana nzvimbo, uyewo kunzwisisa mabasa kuti kugadziriswa navo, achaita kuzarura Mapedhi itsva, kuvhara kuitika uye kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo. Asi panguva spaceports Russian kunorondedzerwa kumusoro, unogona kazhinji sechinoitika zvakakwana isingachinji maitiro kuMudzidzisi chikumbiro zvinhu. Ngatikurukurei zvino chaizvo neimwe zvizere.

"Baikonur" - huru spaceport mukati Russian Space Program

"Baikonur" - the cosmodrome, izvo zvisiri Russia uye Kazakhstan, asi Russian Federation asi anenge oga user. Its chikuru dzaishandisa - RSC "puhti", Central Design Bureau "Progress", Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva Space Center «South». "Baikonur" yakavakwa muna 1955. chinhu ichi chinobviswa hurumende yeRussia muRepublic of Kazakhstan mu rendi kwemakore 50. Mari spaceport anenge mabhiriyoni 5 rubles pagore - .. mabhiriyoni 3,5 chokwadi, rents, 1.5 billion -. Mari dzinounzwa kuchengeta kunyatsoshanda yacho RF kwezvivako.

Baikonur, pasinei wepamutemo chavanopinda Kazakhstan, rakagara richidudzirwa kuonekwa sechinhu Russian spaceport. Anozivikanwa nokuti chokwadi kuti tabva ari Satellite rokutanga the Earth, wokutanga aigarira chitundumusere-musere, siyana satellites dzesayenzi, ballistic zvombo. Baikonur yava kupfuura zvose zvivako zviri mhando vari kushandiswa mune Russian nzvimbo indasitiri. Its nharaunda zvachose - vanenge 6717 mativi mamita. ? km. Mumakore mashoma apfuura Baikonur Russia - nyika mutungamiri kwenhamba chinonyengera.

cosmodrome "Baikonur" Infrastructure

"Baikonur" Infrastructure anomirirwa, zvikurukuru zvinhu zvakadaro:

- 9 pokutangira zvivako zviri nezvipoka siyana;

- 15 launchers aiendeswa chombo kanda, deducing muchadenga zvikepe uye satellites;

- 4 launchers aimbodzidzi- miedzo ballistic zvombo;

- 11 housings, aida kuti chokugadza kuidzwa midziyo zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana;

- Complex 34 chakatorwa kuti prelaunch zvombo uye goho kwavari nzvimbo zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana;

- chiteshi 3, umo we zvitundumuseremusere nemamwe chitundumusere-musere rinochiwedzera siyana;

- tambo siyana;

- Information uye Computing Center, umo kudzorwa utariri nzvimbo mamishini processing rakasiyana-siyana mashoko uye;

- okisijeni-senitrogen kugadzirwa chivako, kubereka vanenge 300 matani-siyana cryogenic zvigadzirwa masikati;

- CHP inokwana 60 MW;

- 72 MW simba chitima operable kuti gasi turbines;

- transformer substations zvinhu 600;

- Kukurukura nodes mune mari 92 inokwana zviyero;

- airfields - "ngozi" uye "reJubheri";

- yomunharaunda njanji kwezvivako chinhu zvachose kureba vanenge 470 km;

- mugwagwa kwezvivako kureba vanenge 1281? Km;

- simba mitsetse muna 6610 km kubatana - kusvika 2784? Km.

The chikuru zviri guru cosmodrome, ari mukupara muchadenga purogiramu Russian, tichaongorora chaizvo nezvimwe zvivako zviri mhando kuti ushande muRussia.

"Kapustin Yar"

"Kapustin Yar" Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vane chiwanzo ionekwe zvikuru sezvo rechiuto kurovedzwa pasi. Asi munzira dzakawanda zvinogona kunzi ari spaceport uye, kupfuura zvose nokuti kuti bvunzo chinonyengera ose ballistic zvombo kubva pairi - pamwe warheads inoratidzwa napadare. "Kapustin Yar" yakavakwa muna 1946.

The Russian cosmodrome iri runonyanya muna Astrakhan nharaunda, asi dzimwe nzvimbo tiri chikamu Atyrau, Kazakhstan uye West Kazakhstan kumatunhu. Its nharaunda zvachose - vanenge 650 akaenzana mamita. ? km. Izvi kanda nzvimbo ine yayo muzinda - guta Znamensk. Pedyo muchiuto Banga iri pairi.

"Clear"

Cosmodrome nyanzvi "Clear" kazhinji vaiona ari Starter Database - asi nokuda zvombo, zvakare, akaronga kuti ruminant mu noruvazhe. Achishingaira kushandiswa kubvira 2006. Zvayaiva ichi cosmodrome yerudzi rutsva kuRussia, nharaunda Yasnenskom kuti iri muna Orenburg mudunhu.

The chikuru opareta yacho chinhu anoonekwa kuva International Corporation "Kosmotras". The kwezvivako of cosmodrome dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa nezvekutanga kupinda Earth muchadenga akawanda satellites. Panguva iyoyowo kugadzirisa kuMudzidzisi matambudziko chitundumuseremusere "Dnepr" anoshandiswa Russian-kuUkraine kugadzirwa.

"Plesetsk"

Nechokumusoro cosmodrome Russia - "Plesetsk". Zvayaiva vanenge 180? Km kubva Arkhangelsk - kumaodzanyemba kweguta. Property nzvimbo iri vanenge 176,2 hectares. Akatanga kushanda muna 1966 sechinhu cosmodrome "Plesetsk" kwegore. Sezvo rinogona kuitwa chombo chinonyengera vechigaro mhuri P-7 uye vamwe kuti dzakafanana makirasi.

Nechokumusoro cosmodrome Russia, sezvataurwa nevamwe vaongorori, ane zvinyorwa uwandu vakatakura nayo anotangazve muchadenga.

"Free"

Cosmodrome "Free" iri muna Amur mudunhu. Akabudirira pakuvhiya kubva 1996. Izvi Russian kanda nzvimbo ane nzvimbo 410 sq. km uye ane kwezvivako kuti vomurova zvitundumuseremusere uye chiedza kirasi pakati. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti pakuvaka "Free" yakatangwa somugumisiro chokuti pashure pokuwa Soviet Union huru yeSoviet cosmodrome "Baikonur" raiva kunze Russian Federation, uye misoro nzvimbo mupurogiramu Russian dzakasarudza kuti hurumende inoda yayo chinhu yakakodzera kuenda. In tsika, panguva kupfuura easterly cosmodrome Russia atanga kuvhiyiwa vanobatanidzwa, zvikurukuru, kuitira kuti vaedze chinonyengera pamusoro ballistic zvombo - dzakadai "Topol". Zvino, anenge asina kushandiswa achishingaira, ichi kunonyanya kukonzerwa chokuti kuFar East, anovaka chivako chitsva - the cosmodrome "East". Funga, uyewo, nderei ruzivo nezvazvo.

"Eastern"

Ndicho Newest uye chinonyanya okumabvazuva Russian cosmodrome. Akatanga kuvaka 2010. Ngazvidyirwe riri, nenzira, kwete kure "vakasununguka", iro zvinofanirwa kuti emauto akadzingwa mabasa nokuda kugadzwa chikuru kwezvivako kwatova "East" uye haizopereri Optimization pakati logistics kusvikira chaizvo wechivako itsva.

Zvinonzi dzaona kuti easternmost Russian cosmodrome kuvaka anotora imwe nharaunda dzinenge 1035 mativi mamita. ? km. Kugadzwa kwoUmambo rinotarisirwa kugadzirisa zvinotevera nematambudziko kiyi: kuunganidza reRussia pachake spaceport, akachinja kumhanya mhando dzose zvombo, achiumba mamwe pulses ose ndichibvunza kukura Russian Far Eastern nenharaunda. nharaunda iyi azopiwa nzeve rehurumende mapurogiramu socio-zvoupfumi, uye kuvaka zvivako runoonekwa sechinhu chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kuti vabudirire Implementation okutanga-tanga ava.

"East" - Russian cosmodrome, iro rine nhamba zvakanaka, kunyanya, kuti "Baikonur". Somuenzaniso, uchiongorora chombo chinoita zvokukandwa, izvo zvichaita kuti tabva pano, dziri kunze dzine vakawanda nzvimbo Russian Federation, uyewo nehurumende dzokumwe - avo vakaisa pamusoro kwazvakarerekera mvura. Mukuwedzera, chinhu chinokosha ndiko uko spaceport iri mu Russia - kureva, pedyo zvakanaka dzakabudirira senga kwezvivako. Izvi zvinoita kuti "East" mashandiro kunyanya mutengo-kunobudirira. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi anosimbisawo wandei zvaaikanganisa basa racho ari runoenzanirana chinhu muchadenga purogiramu Russian. Chokutanga, pane chokwadi chokuti "East" riri 6 madhigirii kuchamhembe "Baikonur" - saka yose payload gobvu kuti rinowanika muchadenga, kuRussia nzvimbo centre achava zvishoma yakaderera.

Kana chido atanga ne "East"?

Kana easternmost Russian cosmodrome achasvinudzwa uye anotanga oparesheni?

Pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti wokutanga chitundumuseremusere pakuparurwa kubva runoenzanirana chinhu vachange chinozoiswa pakupera 2015. Asi panguva akatamira muna 2016. Kana pakuparurwa munhu aigarira chitundumusere-musere ne "East" - rokutanga raizoitirwa 2016. Tsvimbo reRussia cosmodrome itsva vachararama Uglegorsk, riri munzvimbo Amur dunhu - chaipo pedyo nzvimbo pasi kuvakwa. miviri "Eastern" administrative vachange iri chete guta. Nenzira, vamwe kwezvivako of cosmodrome zvimwe ichavakirwa kunze Amur nharaunda. Zvinofungirwa kuti ne "East" zvichaita kuti vomurova zvitundumuseremusere chero mhando - chiedza, svikiro uye rinorema - zvakadai Somuenzaniso, "Angara", iro miedzo vakabudirira rwaiitwa muRussia muna 2014.

pfupiso

Saka, ano nzvimbo kanda Russia aimiririra 5 huripo zvivako - pakati avo saka kure aigona kunzi "vakasununguka", nekuti zvose kwezvivako aripo pamusoro payo, uye mumwe pasi kuvakwa. Ivo riri siyana mativi Russian Federation - mu rwezasi European kwenyika, kuchamhembe, kuFar East. Kudeuka spaceport actuated ari muchadenga purogiramu Russian, riri mu Kazakhstan. Nokukurumidza achagova mabasa avo, izvo kwakunoitwa Implementation iri zvose vakatsvaka-pashure mhando chinonyengera zvitundumuseremusere kubva cosmodrome "East", inovakwa muna Amur mudunhu.