Chitundumusere-musere. Chakagadzirwa Earth Satellite

Chitundumusere-musere munyika dzose kusiyana - zvose kudada uye nehanya nevanhu. zvisikwa zvavo akanga pashure kare kukura zvesainzi. Space Age, vachibvumira vanhu kubva vakatarisa nyika yavanogara, isu propelled itsva Danho okukura. Rocket muchadenga nhasi - haisi kurota, uye vatora kutarisirwa zvikuru unyanzvi nenyanzvi vane matambudziko kunatsiridza huripo ruzivo. On chii zvokuzvivaraidza nzvimbo motokari emit uye sei akasiyana mumwe, ichakurukurwa munyaya.

tsananguro

Chitundumusere-musere - zita Generic chero mano zvakagadzirirwa kushanda muchadenga. Pane nzira dzakawanda kuti kupatsanura. In nyore nyaya, kusunungura chitundumusere-musere aigarira uye unmanned. Aimbova, akavapindurawo, vari dziya muchadenga ngarava uye paredhiyo. Siyana mune nezvaanogona dzavo uye zvinangwa, ivo akafanana muzvinhu zvizhinji marongerwo uye midziyo yaishandiswa.

ndege Features

Chero chitundumusere-musere pashure pakutanga ichipfuura zvikuru matanho matatu: dzichibvisa muchadenga chaizvoizvo dzichibhururuka uye kumhara. Danho rokutanga inosanganisira kukura nokukurumidza kubva midziyo inodiwa kusvika muchadenga. Kuti vapinde muchadenga, kukosha kwayo kunofanira kuva 7,9 km / s. Full kukurira pano giravhiti kunosanganisira kukura wechipiri nzvimbo velocity yakaenzana 11.2 km / s. Ndizvo chinoita chitundumuseremusere muchadenga, kana chinangwa chacho ndechokuti kubvisa zvikamu nzvimbo wezvose.

Pashure pokusunungurwa kwake kubva kukwezvana vanofanira kuva danho rechipiri. In weboka orbital inofamba iri chitundumusere-musere ndege kunoitika kuburikidza inertia nokuda kumhanyisa anovapa. Pakupedzisira, kumhara chikuva hunotora zvinoderedza chikepe akurumidze, Satellite kana chiteshi kusvika razero.

"Kuzadza"

Mumwe chitundumusere-musere iri vakapakata zvivako anoenderana mabasa iyo inonzi pamusoro kugadzirisa. Zvisinei, kusiyana chikuru imhaka kubaya midziyo dzinonzi zvakakodzera kuwana mashoko uye siyana kuferefeta dzesayenzi akarurama. The vamwe midziyo iri chitundumusere-musere akafanana. Chinosanganisira zvinotevera hurongwa:

• simba zvitengeswa - kazhinji kupa kunokosha chitundumusere-musere rezuva simba kana radioisotope mabhatiri, makemikari mabhatiri, zvenyukireya reactors;
• Us - akaita kushandisa redhiyo chinozunguzirwa Mureza, pane imwe nouchapupu kure Pasi kunonyanya kukosha ndiro zvigunwe yakarurama kanyanga;
• Mararamiro - hurongwa hunhu aigarira chitundumusere-musere, rutendo kwaari, zvinokwanisika pamberi pavanhu vaivamo;
• dzidziso - uyewo zvimwe zvikepe, nzvimbo vakapakata zvivako nokuda kuramba kutsunga oga nzvimbo yawo muchadenga;
• kufamba - the michina chitundumusere-musere kubvumira kushandura kumhanya kutiza, uyewo yaro mirayiridzo.

kupatsanura

Mumwe mukuru dzekuziva kuti kuparadzana chitundumusere-musere mhando - kwadzinoita iyi ichishanda, kuziva zvinogonekwa dzavo. On ichi hwaro oga mano:

• kugara munyika geocentric muchadenga, kana chakagadzirwa satellites;
• avo vane chinangwa kudzidzwa kure muchadenga dzemapurisa ose - otomatiki interplanetary chiteshi;
• kushandiswa kutakura vanhu kana nhumbi kunodiwa kuti muchadenga yedu, dzinonzi musere musere, inogona zvoga kana aigarira;
• rakagadzirirwa vanhu kugara nzvimbo kwenguva yakareba - ndiko kuti orbital yemapurisa ;
• munyaya chokuendesa vanhu uye zvinhu kuti muchadenga yepasi pevhu, dzinonzi kuenda pasi;
• kukwanisa kuongorora nyika, pakarepo pakugadzirisa pamusoro wayo pechiso, uye kufamba pairi - zviri Planetary.

Ngatikurukurei kugara pane dzimwe mhando.

Satellites (chakagadzirwa satellites)

The chitundumusere-musere yokutanga raparurwa muchadenga vakanga chakagadzirwa satellites. Physics nemitemo yayo kuti achibvisa zvakafanana mudziyo upi pamusoro muchadenga dambudziko. mudziyo upi vanofanira kukunda kukwezvana yepasi, uye ipapo kuwira pamusoro payo. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kufambisa Satellite pamwe wokutanga yepasi pose nokukurumidza kana zvishoma nokukurumidza. Over redu zvimiso kusunungurwa ezasi panogumira inobvira Satellite nzvimbo (inopfuura pagungano kukwira 300 km). Pedyo placement hunotungamirira nokururamisira nokukurumidza braking mudziyo ari mamiriro ezvinhu.

Pakutanga, chete boosters anogona kununura kupinda muchadenga chakagadzirwa satellites. Physics Zvisinei, hazvirevi mirai, uye nzira itsva dziri dzakabudirira nhasi. Saka, mumwe inowanzoshandiswa nzira mumakore achangopfuura - kutanga bhodhi yomumwe Satellite. It anoronga kushandisa dzimwe nzira.

Kutenderera ari satellites orbiting Pasi, anogona nhema panguva dzakakwirira siyana. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvinoenderana nguva inodiwa yokuti munhu kumativi. Satellites kuparadzirwa nguva iyo akaenzana mazuva, inoiswa vakadanwa saka geostationary muchadenga. Zvinonzi vaiona chinokosha, nokuti namano kuti vari pamusoro payo, nokuti pano mucherechedzi hunoita wakaiswa, uye naizvozvo, hapana chikonzero kupa munhu kanyanga kutenderera zvigadziriswe.

AMS (otomatiki interplanetary nhepfenyuro)

A kuwanda mashoko pamusoro siyana zvinhu zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, masayendisiti ari kushandisa chitundumusere-musere akatuma mhiri geocentric muchadenga. AMC zvinhu - kuti mapuraneti uye asteroids, uye comets, mapoka enyeredzi uye kunyange dziripo pakuongorora. Mabasa vari pamberi vakadaro mano zvinoda ruzivo rukuru uye nesimba kubva mainjiniya uye nevaongorori. Mission AMC dziri mudzidziso rwokugadzirwa mberi uye zvose zvayo anotikurudzira.

aigarira chitundumusere-musere

Washer akatanga kutakura vanhu achida uye kudzokera navo shure, maererano zvemichina hakuiti bvumidza kurondedzerwa marudzi. Rinoreva ichi mhando "Vostok-1", zvaakatadzisa ayo kutiza, Yuri Gagarin.

The basa kupfuura zviomere creators ose aigarira chitundumusere-musere - kuchengeteka vashandi panguva yokudzoka Panyika. Zvinonzi zvakare chikamu chinokosha mano aya ndiwo zvashata kununura hurongwa, izvo zvingava zvakakodzera munguva kubviswa muchikepe muchadenga achibatsirwa mutakuri chitundumuseremusere.

Space motokari, sezvo nzvimbo purogiramu yose, nguva dzose kuvandudzika. Munguva ichangopfuura, vezvenhau aigona kazhinji ona mishumo "Rosetta" basa vachiongorora uye Länder "Philae". Ivo embody zvose achangobuda kubudirira mune nzvimbo shipbuilding, pakuverenga muchina kufamba uye zvichingodaro. Kumhara vachiongorora "Anel" kometi vaiona chiitiko akafanana kuti Gagarin kutiza. Most kunakidza ndechokuti ichi hachisi kuguma vanhu mikana. Tichiri kumirira zvitsva matongo uye kubudirira maererano zvose nzvimbo ubanguranyika uye chivakwa ndege.