Mafuta: mamiriro, mashandiro, zvivako, manyuko mutumbi

The chikuru zvinoriumba yokurarama masero ose - mapuroteni, kwemafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi. The chivako, kushanda uye zvivako zviri yeimwe izvi zvinopa rinokosha rinoitwa zvinhu zvipenyu pasi redu.

Mafuta vari dzinongoitika Organic yeimwe , esters azere glycerine uye mafuta acids vane chawo. Vanopinda boka lipids. yeimwe izvi vane dzinokosha mashandiro muviri uye chinhu chakafanira ari munhu zvokudya.

kupatsanura

Mafuta, mamiriro uye zvivako izvo vachikubvumira kuzvishandisa zvokudya, akakamurwa mhuka uye miriwo zvakasikwa. Ekupedzisira ndiwo anonzi anonhuwirira. Nokuda mukuru zviri unsaturated mafuta acids vari mvura ezvinhu. Kunze - mafuta emichindwe.

By pamberi zvimwe acids, lipids vakaparadzana pamusoro yakazara (stearic acid, palmitic acid) kana unsaturated (oleic acid, arachidonic, linoleic, palmitoleic, linoleic).

mamiriro

Sechivako mafuta chinhu chisinganzwisisiki triglycerides uye lipoid zvinhu. Ekupedzisira ndiwo phospholipid yeimwe, uye sterols. Triglyceride - Ester remubatanidzwa wenyika glycerin uye mafuta iine acid marongerwo uye unhu izvo pakutsvaga ehupfumi zvakakodzwa.

Sechivako mafuta mamorekuru ari mukuru chimiro kwakaratidzwa fomura:

CH2-OˉCO-R '

ini

Cho-CO-R ''

ini

CH2-OˉCO-R '' ',

Umo R - mafuta asidhi kukuru.

Murwiyo uye maumbirwo namafuta ayo mamiriro vane zvitatu unbranched kukuru ane kunyange nhamba kabhoni maatomu. Zvine mafuta acids vanowanzoratidzwa stearic uye palmitic, unsaturated - linoleic, linolenic uye oleic.

ehupfumi

Mafuta, mamiriro uye zvivako zvacho takatsunga nokuvapo yakazara uye unsaturated mafuta acids, muviri uye nemakemikari maitiro. Havazivi sei nemvura, asi yaora zvachose zvinoita zvokufembedzwa. Saponified (hydrolyzed) kana vari steamed, mumwe chicherwa asidhi kana alkali. Munguva vakadaro kuita unobereka mafuta acids kana dzavo munyu uye glycerol. The emulsion achiumbwa pashure simba inokurudzira nemvura, muenzaniso uyu ndiyo mukaka.

Mafuta vari anenge akaenzana simba kukosha 9.1 kcal / d kana 38 J / g. Kana isu kushandurira tsika idzi munzvimbo mumuviri zviratidzo, simba akabudiswa pamwero 1 g mafuta, vaizova zvakakwana kumutsa 1 mita nhumbi yairema 3900 makirogiramu.

Pamafuta emhuka dzavo samolecular marongerwo anosarudza zvinokosha ehupfumi zvavo, vane yakakwirira simba kuparadzwa, kana ichienzaniswa makabhohaidhiretsi kana mapurotini. Complete oxidation 1 g mafuta kusunungurwa mvura uye carbon dioxide achiteverwa kaviri simba goho kuti combustion shuga. Nokuti lipolysis raida mumwe mari makabhohaidhiretsi uye okisijeni.

Vanhu uye dzimwe mhuka mafuta - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha simba bhizimisi. Kuti nyura kupinda ura, zvakakodzera emulsification achishandisa bile asidhi munyu.

mabasa

In mhuka mafuta zvinoita basa rinokosha, marongerwo uye kushanda yeimwe aya mapazi uye hurongwa anoreva zvakasiyana:

1. simba zvitengeswa. basa iri - huru kuti mafuta. Nokuda mukuru simba zvirimo, ndivo yakanakisisa nokutengesa "mafuta". Mumatanda zvinokonzerwa deposition dziri deposits.
2. Protection. Adipose zvinyama envelop miviri uye nokudaro murege zvavo zvinokuvadza uye chipaparadzungu, kunyevenutsa uye tibatsirwe kwokunze izvi.
3. Thermal kuputira. Mafuta vane yakaderera chafariz conductivity uye, naizvozvo, chengeta kudziya muviri uye kumudzivirira kubva hypothermia.

Kuwedzera kune izvi zvitatu zvinokosha kushanda, mafuta kuita akawanda private. yeimwe izvi kuramba anokosha masero Somuenzaniso, kupa elasticity uye ganda utano, kuvandudza uropi chaitika. masero membranous uye subcellular organelles kuramba nechivako dzavo uye kushanda nemhaka chikamu kwemafuta. Mavhitaminzi A, D, E uye K anogona kuwanikwa chete pamberi pavo. Kukura, budiriro uye dzokubereka nerevane uyewo zvikurukuru novimba kuvapo mafuta.

Muviri vanofanira

Ingangoita muzvitatu muviri simba mari dzinoumba mafuta, vane mamiriro anobvumira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kana isu kuronga zvokudya. Kukarukureta kuti chinodiwa nezuva anofunga mhando yebasa uye makore munhu. Saka, vakawanda mafuta zvakakodzera vechiduku vanotungamirira basa nemararamiro, zvakadai vatambi kana varume vaiita rinorema remaoko. Kana ndakagara mararamiro kana zvaidiwa kuti kuzara kwavo nhamba anofanira kuderedzwa kudzivisa kufutisa uye matambudziko inoenderana.

Zvinokoshawo kufunga maumbirwo kwemafuta. Of zvikuru kukosha ndiyo nhamba unsaturated uye zvine acids. The wokupedzisira nyaya kunyanya kunwa mafuta muviri kunokanganisa kushanda nemudumbu, anowedzera mukana panowanikwa atherosclerosis. Unsaturated acids vane vanetsane: kudzorera chakaipa muviri, kubviswa remafuta akawandisa. Asi kushungurudzwa kunotungamirira fufune, chimiro matombo munduru dundira uye excretory turakiti.

matura

Anenge zvose zvokudya zvine mafuta mashoma, vachivaka navo pakuitika angava akasiyana. The anosiyiwa ndiwo muriwo, michero, zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, uchi uye nevamwe. Products akakamurwa:

• Vasingatyi (40 kana kupfuura magiramu por 100 magiramu zvibereko). boka iri zvinosanganisira ruomba, margarine, mafuta, mafuta nyama, mamwe Sausages, nzungu uye nevamwe.
• Average mafuta kugutsikana (20 kusvika 40 g pa 100 g chigadzirwa). The Group anomiririrwa ruomba, mafuta anovava ruomba, koteji chizi, mhando dzakawanda chizi, Sausages, nyama, hanzi, chocolate, makeke, halvah nezvimwe zvihwitsi.
• Low-mafuta (20 magiramu zvichidzika paminiti 100 g chigadzirwa). Vanosanganisira: mupunga, Buckwheat, bhinzi, bhinzi, chingwa, huku, mazai, hove, howa, vakawanda nomukaka zvinhu nevamwe.

Uyewo chinokosha makemikari mamiriro kwemafuta, zvichiratidza kuti imwe acid. On hwaro ichi, vanogona kunge zvakazara, unsaturated uye polyunsaturated. First kuwanikwa nyama zvigadzirwa, mafuta, chocolate, yanyungudiswa mafuta, mafuta emichindwe, mafuta womukokonati uye majarini. The unsaturated acids varipo vari yehuku nyama, maorivhi, cashew, nzungu, mafuta omuorivhi. Polyunsaturated - fruit, omuamanda, pecans, mbeu, hove, uyewo sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed, chibage, cottonseed uye mafuta soybean.

yezvokudya

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako mafuta kunodiwa tatevedzera mitemo apo richiswedera kukwira zvokudya. Nezvezvokudya vanokurudzira navo vanoomerera zvinotevera ukama:

• Monounsaturated - kusvika hafu zvachose kwazvo kwemafuta;
• Polyunsaturated - kota;
• Nomuti - kota.

Muchiitiko chino, miriwo mafuta vanofanira vanoumba vanenge 40% of zvokudya, mhuka - 60-70%. vanhu vakwegura vanofanira kuwedzera nhamba yokutanga 60%.

Kuderedza kana vanodzinga kubva vanofanira kudya transfats. Vari zvinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu sauces, mayonnaise, confectionery zvigadzirwa. Inokuvadza mafuta pasi zvikuru kuchipisa uye oxidation. Vanogona kuwanika French fries, mbatatisi machipisi, donuts, pizza uye zvakafanana. D. Kubva zvose aya zvigadzirwa zvikuru nengozi, kugadzirira iyo yakaitika panguva rancid kana nguva zhinji vakashandisa mafuta.

inobatsira unhu

Mafuta, sechivako iyo inopa inenge hafu zvachose simba kwomuviri, vane zvinoverengeka anobatsira zvinhu:

• Remafuta akawandisa chinowedzera nani carbohydrate muviri uye inopa kwetunhu yeimwe zvinokosha - pasi pesvedzero yake yakabereka adrenal steroid mahormone;
• vanenge 30% kupisa anogadzirwa muviri womunhu shava mafuta rinenge riri pamutsipa uye yokumusoro shure;
• Matehwe uye imbwa refractory mafuta, nekuporesa zvirwere zvokufema, kusanganisira tibhii pamusoro bapu maronda;
• phospholipid uye glyukolipidnye yeimwe zvinosanganisirei nyama yose, vari synthesized mune zvomudumbu mapazi uye kudzivisa paumbwe remafuta akawandisa plaques kuramba chiropa basa;
• akavonga phosphatides uye sterols chinotsigirwa kugara sezvamunoita cytoplasmic zvinokosha tsinga masero, uye synthesized vhitamini D.

Saka, mafuta zvinhu zvinokosha pakuderedza ari munhu zvokudya.

Zvakawandisa uye kukanganisika

Mafuta, mamiriro uye kushanda yeimwe izvi zvinobatsira chete kunwa zvine. yemuraudzo wavo zvinobatsira kuti kufutisa - dambudziko iri kuhupenyu zvose dzakabudirira. chirwere ichi zvinotungamirira vawedzere muviri uremu, kuderera mune mufambo uye kudzikira mune utano. It kunowedzera ngozi yokubatwa atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, BP. Kufutisa uye migumisiro yacho kakawanda kupfuura dzimwe zvirwere zvinouraya.

Kushayikwa mafuta ari kudya kunoita kuti Kushatiswa ganda, DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kukura muviri wemwana, kuchambokanganisa nokushanda kwenhengo dzokubereka nadzo, kuzvirega zvichikanganisa zvakajairika remafuta akawandisa muviri, kuchikonzera atherosclerosis, emunhu uropi uye tsinga zvavo.

Kudya kwakakodzera plan, kufungisisa zvinodiwa nomuviri mune mafuta kunogona kubatsira kudzivisa zvirwere zvakawanda uye kuvandudza kunaka kwoupenyu. Zvinokosha mwero vapera, pasina zvakawandisa uye kukanganisika.