Kupatsanura pakati Organic nyaya - hwaro pakudzidza makemikari kemisitiri

Unogona kuona kuti kupatsanura dzakasiyana Organic uye inorganic zvinhu panguva kuchinja kubva inorganic kuti makemikari kemisitiri. Nyika ine siyana Organic yeimwe uye vazhinji dzakasiyana yawo. Kupatsanura pakati Organic zvinhu kwete chete kunobatsira kunzwisisa ichi nezvakawanda, asi rinounza yakajeka musayenzi zvikonzero zvavo kudzidza.

Sezvikonzero kugoverwa pakati Organic yeimwe mumakirasi vakasarudzwa dzidziso kwemakemikari mamiriro. Organic hwaro kudzidza ndiro basa rinezvigaro kirasi, unonzi chikuru kune Organic zvinhu - Mahydrocarbon. Zvimwe vamiririri munyika organics vanotorwa sevanhu nomukaka. Zvechokwadi, kudzidza maumbirwo kwavo hakuna kuoma kuona kuti synthesize izvi zvinhu rikauya kuburikidza kuzvitsinhanisa (yokutsiva) ane yeHydrocarbon mamiriro uye dzimwe nguva dzakawanda rehydrogen maatomu ari anokwana zviyero dzimwe okunze, uye dzimwe nguva iri yose shinda radicals.

Kupatsanura pakati Organic zvinhu sokugamuchira hwaro Mahydrocarbon uye zvakawanda nokuda nyore mamiriro avo, uye rokuti yeHydrocarbon ndiyo chinokosha chikamu akawanda anozivikanwa Organic yeimwe. To musi, zvose anozivikanwa mishonga, vakarondedzera nyika makemikari yeimwe dzinobva carbon-rehydrogen chisungo, kuchikosha predominance. zvimwe zvose zvinhu kana vari vashoma, vachibvumira kuti vazvitakure kupinda muchikwata che kunze kune Kazhinji, munhu zvokuti kusagadzikana kuti havana zvakaoma kuwana, kunyange munguva yedu.

Kupatsanura pakati Organic zvinhu nokuda kupatsanura kupinda mapoka nemapoka rinobvumira kusarudza kirasi huru mbiri makemikari acyclic uye cyclic yeimwe. zita ravo chairo zvinoita kuti tigumise pamusoro mhando kuvakwa mamorekuru. In nyaya yeHydrocarbon cheni Links vokutanga, uye yechipiri - the morekuru rin'i.

Acyclic yeimwe inogona mapazi uye ringave riine nyore cheni. Pakati mazita aya zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa okuti "mafuta, kana aliphatic Mahydrocarbon." Vangave vakaomerwa (ethane, isobutane, ethyl doro) kana unsaturated (ethylene, acetylene, isoprene), zvichienderana norudzi maererano vamwe kabhoni dzakabatana.

Kupatsanura pakati Organic zvinhu enzvimbo cyclic yeimwe, mamwe kuparadzana zvinoreva panguva yavo carbocyclic uye yeHydrocarbon boka heterocyclic boka.

Carbocyclic "mhete" rinoumbwa chete kabhoni maatomu. Vangave alicyclic (yakazara uye unsaturated), uyewo anonhuhwirira carbocyclic yeimwe. The alicyclic yeimwe rikauya kungoita batanidza miromo maviri kabhoni cheni, asi zvinonhuwirira zvivako zviri zvavo inonzi benzene mhete iyo ine chinokosha rokubaya ehupfumi dzavo.

The heterocyclic zvinhu anogona kusangana maatomu mamwe zvinhu, kazhinji ndiwo mashandiro senitrogen.

Anotevera constituent maatomu akafanana kunokanganisa ehupfumi kuti makemikari zvinhu, ndiko kuvapo dzichipfekeka mapoka.

Nokuti halogenated yeHydrocarbon sezvo kushanda boka anogona kuita oga, uye kunyange zvakawanda halogen maatomu. Alcohols kuwana ehupfumi dzavo nokuda pamberi gidroksogrupp. For aldehydes maitiro chepfungwa ndiyo kuvapo mapoka aldehyde kuti ketones - mapoka carbonyl. Carboxylic acids vanoonekwa vari kuti ane carboxyl mapoka uye amines vane boka amino. Nokuti nitro yeimwe dzinoratidzwa pamberi nitro boka.

The siyana mhando Mahydrocarbon, uyewo avo ehupfumi, kwakavakirwa siyana mhando mubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, murwiyo anogona vanoumba mumwe chete Morekuru maviri kana kupfuura akafanana, dzimwe nguva dzakasiyana dzichipfekeka boka kuburikidza Pakusarudza chaicho ehupfumi zviri pfuma (aminoacetic acid, glycerol).

Ipa maonero chikuru kuti funga (the kupatsanura pakati Organic zvinhu) tafura, izvo nyore zvinogona kuumbwa pachishandiswa mashoko huri chinyorwa nyaya ino.