Slavs - ndiani ichi? Nhoroondo uye ngano dzose Slavs

Munhoroondo Slavs mugove mavara machena, iyo inoita "nyanzvi" vakawanda ano pahwaro zvokufungidzirwa uye unproven zvinhu kuisa mberi zvikuru tarenda dzidziso nezvemavambo uye paumbwe mamiriro ari necheSalvic avanhu. kunyange pfungwa "Slav" rinowanzoshandiswa kunzwisisa uye vanoonekwa ndi "Russian". Uyezve, pane pfungwa kuti Slav - nenyika yaanobva. kuvhiringidzika All ichi.

Ndivanaani Slavs?

Slavs vanoumba Kudeuka ethno-mitauro munharaunda muEurope. Inside nayo, pane mapoka matatu huru: kuEastern Slavs (.. Ie, Russian, Belarusians uye Ukrainians), Western (Poles, Czechs, Sorbs uye Slovakia) uye South Slavs (pakati pavo uchanzi Bosniaks, vokuSerbia, vaMakedhoniya, vokuCroatia, vaBulgaria, Montenegrins, vokuSlovenia). Slav - a kwete rudzi sorudzi - rakatetepa pfungwa. Individual necheSalvic marudzi dzakaumbwa tichishandisa kunopera, ukuwo Slavs (kana kuti, kuti Slavs yekare) vakanga dzinounzwa kubva Indo-European munharaunda uye zviuru zvemakore nehafu BC. e. Zvakatora makore akawanda, uye vakadzidza Vafambi yekare. Pakutanga kwezana vemazera Slavs vakanga varehwa kare vechiRoma se "Wends": kubva mumabhuku akanyorwa zvinozivikanwa kuti marudzi necheSalvic akarwa Germany.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pakati necheSalvic (chaipo, nzvimbo yavakanga aumba sesangano) yaiva nharaunda pakati Oder uye Vistula (vamwe vanyori vanoti pakati Oder uye pakati weboka Dnieper).

ethnonym

Pano zvine musoro kufunga mubvunzo pamusoro Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "Slav." In olden vanhu vakanga anowanzonzi pashure rwizi ane mabhanga vakararama. Dnieper makarekare yainzi chete "Slavutich". Pamudzi chaipo "kubwinya" anogona kurondwa kudzokera rwakafanana shoko zvose Indo kleu, zvichireva mukurumbira kana notoriety. Pane imwe chakajairika Shanduro: "Slovakia", "tslovak" uye pakupedzisira, "Slav" - chiri "murume" kana "munhu anotaura mutauro wedu." Vamiririri amarudzi yekare vatorwa avo vaitaura mutauro wokumwe, kazhinji haana vaiona vanhu. Self-pakunzi chero vanhu - semuenzaniso, "Mansi" kana "Nenets" - kazhinji, zvinoreva "murume" kana "munhu."

Economy. mumagariro mamiriro

Slav - murimi. Iva nyika madzitateguru zviri Slavs vakadzidza shure mumazuva apo zvose Indo-vokuEurope vaiva mutauro nevakawanda. Mugore Northern Territory makaita yokutema miti-uye-pisa zvokurima kumaodzanyemba - wakagara. Grew mhunga, gorosi, bhari, rye, neshinda uye hemp. Anozivikanwa miriwo zvirimwa: makabheji, beets, turnips. The Slavs aigara musango uye inowanzorimwa munyika dzine, saka kuroorwa uye kuvhima uye apiculture, uyewo hove. Naivowo akamutsa mombe. The Slavs vakaitwa unhu panguva dzokurwa, kuumba, zvokurima nematurusi.

Mukutanga zvokukura Kugadzirwa Slavs aivapo dzedzinza munharaunda, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma rakavapo kuva muvakidzani. Somugumisiro vemauto mishandirapamwe ari vanhuwo vakamira panze kuziva; Ndinofanira kuziva nyika uye zvaiita hurongwa chikatsiviwa feudal.

uchitikurudzira necheSalvic nhoroondo munguva dzekare

In kuchamhembe Slavs vaigara pamwe chete kuBaltic uye madzinza eGermany kumadokero - pamwe vaCelt, kumabvazuva - pamwe VaSitiya Sarmatians, uye kumaodzanyemba - rwekare vaMakedhoniya, Thracians, Illyrians. Pakupera chechi5 remakore BC. e. vakasvika kuBaltic uye Black Makungwa, uye muzana remakore rechi8 akatambanudza Lake Ladoga uye nyanzvi muBalkans. By rechi10 remakore Slavs vakatora nyika kubva Volga kusvika Elbe, kubva Mediterranean kuBaltic. Izvi vaitamira basa rakanga nokuda yaingopambwa ose muArabhu kubva Central Asia, kurwisa vavakidzani-vokuGermany, uyewo mamiriro shanduko Europe: madzinza nomumwe dzakamanikidzwa kutsvaka nyika itsva.

Nhoroondo East European Plain Slavs

Eastern Slavs (madzitateguru Ukrainians ano, Belarusians uye Russian) kusvika rechi9 remakore AD. e. Vakatora nyika kubva Carpathians kusvika pakati kunosvika kuna Oka uye Upper Don, kubva Ladoga kuMiddle Dnieper. Ivo nevanhukadzi yeko Finno-Ugric uye Baltic nyika. Nechekare muna 6th remakore, madzinza duku akatanga kupinda nemibatanidzwa nemumwe, izvo chakaratidza kuberekwa statehood. Panotangira nerimwe Union aiva mutungamiriri rechiuto.

Mazita nemibatanidzwa vemadzinza dzinozivikanwa vose kosi yechikoro munhoroondo: nayo drevlyans uye vyatichi uye northerners, uye krivichi. Asi zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa, zvichida, kupishinura uye Ilmen vokuSlovenia. Wokutanga vaigara pamwe pakati kunosvika of Dnieper uye akavamba Kiev, last vaigara pamhenderekedzo Lake Ilmen uye Novgorod akavaka. Rakamuka rechi9 remakore "nzira kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki" pave simukai, zvadaro, kuti kushamwaridzana maguta aya. Saka mugore 882 paiva mamiriro Slavs of East European Plain - Russia.

Higher mungano

Slavs haagoni kunzi vekare vanhu. Kusiyana vaEgipita uye maIndia, havana kuva nguva yokukudziridza yemhando rengano hurongwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti cosmogonic ngano dzose Slavs (t. E. The ngano nezvemavambo enyika) Pane zvakawanda zvakafanana pamwe Finno-Ugric. Vanotsanangurawo kupa zai umo "kuberekwa" nyika, uye vaviri duck varayirwa mukuru mwari inobereka silt kubva pasi penyanza kusika maa rakaoma. Pakutanga Slavs vainamata Rod uye Rozhanitsy akazotevera - hunotaurwa masimba (Perun, Svarog, Mokosh Dazhdbog).

Pane pfungwa paradhiso - Iria (Vyrii), World Tree (Dube). The dzechitendero pfungwa Slavs yakatanga pamwe chete mitsetse sezvo needzimwe vanhu Europe (mushure Slavs vekare - iri European!): The deification kwakaita zvakasikwa kuti kuziva Mwari mumwe. Zvinozivikanwa kuti rechi10 remakore BC. e. Prince Vladimir aiedza "kubatanidza" ari pantheon kuita mwari mukuru Perun - aiva musande aive nemasoja. Asi kuchinja akatadza, uye muchinda aifanira kuteerera chiKristu. Kudzosera zvechiKristu, zvisinei, havana kukwanisa kuparadza pfungwa wechihedheni: Eria muporofita zvakavharwa kuzvibatanidza Perun, uye Kristu uye neMhandara Maria akatanga kuti anotaurwa mumagwaro zvemashiripiti nemazango.

dzikisa mungano

Haiwa, asi necheSalvic ngano pamusoro vanamwari uye magamba havana kunyorwa. Asi vanhu ava ndakasika tsime kunyatsobudirira yakaderera mungano, iyo vatambi - nezvikwambo, mermaids, zvipoko, Zalozhnev, Bannikov, ovinnik uye poludenitsy - akatizivisa nziyo, Ngano, zvirevo. Back pakutanga rechi20 vanhuwo zvavo remakore akaudza ethnographers sei uzvidzivirire kubva werewolf uye chibvumirano nemvura. Vamwe vakasara muchihedheni mupenyu akakurumbira pfungwa kusvikira ikozvino.