Siberian nemharapara: Description, mapikicha

Mumitauro yakawanda zita Siberian nemharapara yenondo rinonzwika kwavowo: mu Chirungu - Siberian nemharapara Deer, German - Sibirischen Rehwild, Spanish - Corzo Siberiano, muna French - Chevreuil of Sibérie. chinowanzoonekwa vaakadanawo yokuMabvazuva. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti mhuri nerunako izvi ndizvo voga uye mamwe marudzi nondo. Vanosvika vashanu, Sci Book of Records nechinangwa zvakakodzera chizvidavirire rinoabatanidza munzvimbo mbiri: nemhara nondo (dzakasiyana matatu - pygargus, caucasicus, tianschanicus) uye Chinese. Pane subspecies mbiri yokupedzisira - bedfordi uye mela-notis. More ticharamba omerera musiyano wezvinyorwa rokutanga, kupfuura hwokufananidzira mumiriri chiitiko ichi mhuka zvinetsoka hoofed.

Siberian nemharapara

Capreolus pygargus - duku, yakashongedzwa nondo yakatsvukuruka mashava ruvara. dziberekane kwakadaro yaingowanikwa mhuka munguva yezhizha. nemharapara Next anova kuchena, hapana shava kana kunyange rutema - muchando nguva. Muswe waro iri dikisa, uye kutonhora zviri asingaoneki kana vasiri aripo. Vanhurume akakura kupfuura vakadzi, uye kuva pfupi nyanga, kazhinji nhatu pfungwa. The kanopi akasungwa kubva October kusvika January. A itsva hangaiwa, iyo anotanga nokukurumidza kukura, nokukurumidza akafukidza "vherevheti" mudungwe ganda, akanga iye anopa ropa kuti kukura nyanga.

Ona mhuka idzi dzingava kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva kumatunhu Asia: Mongolia, pamusoro yeKorea Peninsula, muna Eastern Tibet kumatunhu west China, iri Tiến-Shan. A vakawanda marudzi aya nondo vaigara kumaodzanyemba kuWest Siberian Plain. Zvikurukuru, ndiwo kupfuura rakakura date mapazi nemharapara kuKurgan nharaunda. Hunhu nzvimbo idzi ndiwo akanakisisa akakodzera kuti ivepo uye kubereka.

Biology uye rutoto mwaka

Siberian nemharapara nondo inogona tichishingaira kwemaawa 24, asi zvikuru nenhongonya waro playfulness - mambakwedza uye kwasviba. Meet mhuka inogona oga kana makawanda mumapoka maduku. Munguva yechando, sezvo mutemo, vanoumba mapoka makuru, nokuti zviri nyore zvadzinofura pamwe chete. Deer Kudya rakafara zvakakwana, zvinoenderana zvakasiyana-siyana nemwaka rinosanganisira mashizha mumakwenzi, miti, masora, acorns, howa, nemipaini manyoro uye ferns. The rutoto mwaka kana "tsika", kunoitika kubva pakati paJuly kuna August. Panguva ino, nondo varume kuva nehasha kwazvo uye kushingaira kudzivirira nharaunda yavo. Kurwa pakati vanhurume kazhinji. Dzinomirira mumwe kudhumhana vaviri vanhu makono izvo adzikatidza mumwe nyanga, chakatsikirirwa uye kuamonyorora. kurwa izvi zvinogona kuguma kukuvara uye kunyange rufu.

By mukuwana, Kumukundi vangave zvisangane nemukadzi. Yokudanana zvinosanganisira kukunda mukutsvaga vakadzi kwenguva yakati, kusvikira akagadzirira zvisangane. Nepo yokupedzisira kunoitika muna August, ari zai asingadi kutanga kukudziridza kusvikira mukupera December - January mangwanani. In nondo akaberekwa mumwe matatu wayo, kazhinji muna May uye June. Kakawanda kuwana mapatya. Pashure kuberekwa kwavo nondo duku ndoga kwevhiki nhanhatu. ruvara yavo akangwara anobatsira masiki hove kwechinguva, asi vanourayiswa nyaya pazvikara achiri kumusoro. Shure kwenguva ino wayo kugara naamai vavo. Aroorane anosiyana, asi vanhukadzi vanowanzotevedzera kugara pedyo kuchizvarwa chevechiduku kupfuura varume.

chinotevera hama

The dzepedyo hama Siberian kwemarudzi mhuka - yenondo European. Vamiririri avo akafanana mararamiro, zvakatipoteredza, simba wedzerai maitiro uye zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu. Chete, vane chete kusiyana kuduku chitarisiko. Siberian mhando ane hombe muviri. Summer romusoro yakajeka ruvara pedyo redhead. Winter "jasi" mukobvu zvikuru uye coarser. Nyanga zvichikwira akatungamirira zvakajeka V-zvakaumbwa, uye haana kubata.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nondo ndiyo mhuka kuEurope, iro kunovhima anobvumirwa (asi kwete pose pose). Horn fauna of iyi mumiririri kukosha kwayo akanaka havasi muduku dzimwe mikombe dzokuEurope. Sezvo kutonga, kuvhima mwaka itsika kutanga mukuvamba May apo rezvinomera ichigere kuva mukobvu, uye duku kadikidiki nondo inogona nyore kuonekwa mariri.

European nemharapara yenondo kwakapararira muEngland, pamwe kunze nechokumabvazuva (Kent uye Midland). Uyewo, kakawanda inowanikwa Scotland, isingasviki kuWales. Anogara Europe uye Asia Minor yose, kunze pazvitsuwa Corsica uye Sardinia. No mumiririri yenondo paRebhanoni, Israel, Northern Ireland uye Eastern Europe. kuparadzirwa yavo yaitwa, kuwanda kuri ichiparara nokuda kunovhima nezvimwe chipingaidzo kwevanhu. Izvi zvakaitika mukupera XIX - mangwanani XX emakore.

Nemharapara nondo. tsananguro

Externally Capreolus pygargus - chiduku nondo ine mutsipa refu pasina mangwanani, ane hwakanyatsorwisa guru hura (12-14 cm). The muswe iri wokugaya (2-3 cm) refu uye vanogona kukura. Winter dziberekane zvichisiyana wachena mashava kuti shava muzhizha - kubva tsvuku yakatsvuka mashava. In vanhurume, zvikuru gobvu ganda mumusoro, mutsipa uye pamberi mutumbi. Muswe nama chinoshayikwa kana pasi akaratidza. In yechando, zvikuru kuoneka. Top musoro wachena kana shava, mashava dzimwe nguva rima. Nemharapara Molt kaviri pagore, mune chitubu uye kwematsutso. Vana orudzi urwu kutarira madodzi madodzi.

Nyanga varipo, uye pagore October uye November nemhara rakateurwa. New kukura dzinenge pakarepo. Vakomana zvishoma kupfuura vasikana. Mukuwedzera, vane vane Bugorkova chimiro. Basal rosette rinotsanangurwa zvakajeka.

Akaparadzana nemharapara nondo, chakanaka Photo inoratidza rakamanikana uye pfupi, pamwe yakatanga zvakanaka lateral tsandanyama.

Analysis mapoka 11 akasiyana mhembwe akaratidza kuti avhareji urefu chemhuka - 107-125 cm kureba panguva papfudzi - 66-83 cm uremu - 22-30 makirogiramu, kufadza kureba dehenya - 191-212 mm uye yakafara - 84-91 mm. By pacharo, iduku chivara elongated. The lacrimal pfupa rakapfupika dhayamita pamusoro orbital mhango. mumasero Preorbital vari Paucheche, uye Drum nzombe duku. The mberi inoguma mapfupa nasal bifurcated nokutsikirira mapfupa admaxillary. Kutenderera unosvikirwa saizi. Mapfupa maxillary huri kumusoro.

dzinogarisana

Kana pamusoro pezvatinotaura zvakatipoteredza, nemhara nemhembwe vanosarudza dondo uye zvitsuwa zviduku kudondo pakati nyika arable. Vanoda marefu uswa Mafuro pamwe nemiti. Mukuwedzera, Vakafanana zviwi nyika yasara pashure kwemiti, izvo zvinoshandiswa reclamation. naivowo vanoda uswa hurefu uye Mafuro pamwe nemiti.

Siberian nemharapara nondo anotora zvakawanda nzvimbo, kusanganisira Deciduous, masango vakavhengana kana coniferous, wetlands, nomumatondo, nyika arable mune Suburban munzvimbo nemapindu makuru. Uye iwe pamwe kare wafungidzira vanosarudza nharaunda pamwe masango pamwe mosaics uye tsime dzakashandisa ano hwokurima nzvimbo? Ndizvozvo - nemharapara nondo. Photos munyaya kuti zvakakwana kuratidza.

chikafu

Nemharapara ukuparadze vanenge chiuru marudzi akasiyana zvinomera mukati nzvimbo dzavo. Izvi, 25% ndiwo muti zvirimwa, 54% - herbaceous dicots, monocots - kumwe 16%. Vanogona kuva tsono kubva coniferous miti, asi ichi hunongotaura kumbowanikwa yechando kana kumwewo zvokudya havana kuwanikwa. Nemharapara nondo vanosarudza simba-vapfumi zvokudya nyoro uye ane yakawanda mvura. Nokuda duku kukura mudumbu uye kukurumidza gadziriro kugaya muviri wavo kunoda kakawanda zvokudya. Ivo kazhinji shanu kusvika gumi yoga kudya nguva pazuva. Vanogona yaipiwa pamwe nguva zvikamu inopiwa kuti zvokudya nokuda kwavo optimum Accessibility.

The Mhando zvokudya zvinosiyana pamwe nemwaka uye netsika mhuka. Zvisinei, imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti kusiyana Zvinoumba zvokudya riri kunyatsotevera correlated pamwe dzinogarisana kupfuura mwaka. Feed mumatanda vari kuderedzwa muchando, uye zvokudya kushoma siyana. Somugumisiro, mwero muviri uye kudya kudya ipfupi. Muchirimo, nekusiyana, simba inoda uye chirongwa kugaya inowedzera. A inonyanya muchimiro mbeu kana michero ivo panezvisina mumatsutso.

Siberian nemharapara nondo anodya zvachose mhando dzose zvinomera: uswa, maruva, Blackberry, atwo uye nemashizha emiti, nemiti, anoda howa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvirimwa.

Lifespan nondo

Kunonyanyisa zera, rakanga wakaiswa - makore 17 uye 5 months ari nhapwa. Kubva zvakawanika vaduku vakadzi (90%) kurarama zviri nani dzomusango. Musango avhareji hunotarisira upenyu emhuka idzi kusvika makore 15. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kudyara zvingava 2 kusvika 5.5 mwedzi. Saka kuti zvachose nguva pamuviri anokwanisa kuripo 122 kusvika 305 mazuva.

kuberekana

Nemharapara varume kusvika zvokunamata zera kusvika pakupera kwegore upenyu rokutanga. Kunyange zvakadaro, havagoni kutanga ruminant mwana kusvikira pagore upenyu rechitatu. Physiologically vanokwanisa kubereka, vari kubva March kusvika October. Asi kunyanya, izvi kunotora June kusvika August. vanhu vashoma zvinoitika tichikufunga.

The hadzi yenondo kubereka mushure kusvika mwedzi 14. Duration kuti estrus vanowanzoita yaiva maawa 36.

Pregnancy uye vana vayo

Siberian nemharapara anotaura mhuka hoofed, saka ndiko Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa nguva pamuviri uye, naizvozvo, ayo dzokubereka kutenderera rakasiyana kunyange kufanana marudzi. Muchibereko embryo kazhinji kunoitika muna January. The zai anopinda dumbu, apo rakakamurwa. Kunoteverwa 4-5 mwedzi usingashandi basa. The pokuva nezamu iri pakati 264 uye 318 mazuva. Setsvana vanoberekerwa nguva kubva April kusvikira July. Panguva anogona kuzvarwa uye vaviri, uye nhatu mwana. Vanoyera 1-1,7 makirogiramu, vane nevamwe ruvara.

Young rinenge vasingabatsiri kwemazuva oupenyu okutanga shoma uye zviri nyore kuti kubatwa nezvikara. Feeding mukaka anotora nzvimbo kusvikira August, uye akarega zvachose mukutanga, asi dzimwe nguva inogara kusvikira December. Pashure arumurwa mhuru Kuenda miriwo zvokudya zvakakwana. Vachikura nokukurumidza, mavhiki maviri pashure aberekwa kukura kwavo akapfuudza muviri uremu yakapetwa kaviri.

Mamiriro "akadzivirirwa"

Pasinei kumbonyanya akakura dzinogarisana nzvimbo uye nokunyanyisa uwandu nondo mune dzimwe nyika, kusvikira nemigumisiro yakaipa (kakawanda tsaona), Siberian nemharapara mhembwe iri Red Book. The chikonzero kurambidzwa yakadaro vaiva: zviduku vakasara vemo, uyewo mungozi poaching uye predation. Rare dzinomiririra marudzi iyi mhuka Siberian vanenge pangozi nokuda todzokera dzinogarisana, mamiriro ekunze uye zvinokonzerwa nemabasa evanhu. Nhasi nemharapara nezvo kudzivirirwa mu UK. Vamwe nzira yokuuraya kana kubatwa yenondo hakubvumidzwi maererano mupanda IV of Berna Convention uye nokupomerwa. Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, tinoziva kuti ari mundima Russian Federation anoshayisa matanho kurwisa poaching uye ndaisagona kurapa kuvhima upfumi kuti vadzorere uye yokukudza kuSiberia nemharapara nondo. Ichi chakanaka mhuka marudzi akanyorwa muna Red Data Book of Tomsk Region uye Krasnoyarsk Territory. Zvinoisa mutadzi pamusoro chirango nemharapara dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana kwokuomerwa zvaparadzwa akatsunga nomumwe uye maererano nomutemo. Zvinogona kuti kashanu shoma mubayiro.