Lake Sarykamysh: tsananguro, nhoroondo, zvinonakidza zvinhu

In Central Asia, chete pakati pakati reCaspian uye nokukurumidza todzokera Sea Aral chinhu endorheic nyanza Sarykamysh uye dzisingambosvikiki. Zvikuru dzinonakidza hydrology, uyewo nhoroondo pondi ichi. Uyezve, vakawanda zvinonakidza uye creepy ngano chokuita mudziva.

Sarykamysh rwegungwa; jogirafi dziva

Sarikamis - mumwe mitumbi pakukura mvura Central Asia uye ndicho chikamu chikuru mudziva iri Turkmenistan. Vanowana pamepu hakuna kuoma. The mudziva riri pakati reCaspian neGungwa Aral, anenge ari pakati pakati pavo. On mumuviri mepu pazasi kunoratidzwa ne dzvuku asiterisiki:

In Geological mazwi Sarykamysh nyanza inoremekedzwa Nhongonya homonymous bheseni. Rine chimiro sandara denderedzwa mukudzokera zvachose akafukidza munyu marshes uye deflated sand. Sarikamish mwoyo, uyewo, ndiye kuchamhembe muganhu Karakum murenje.

Nemashoko enyika uye okutarisira Sarykamysh nyanza ndorwevaya maviri Central inoti Asian. About 70% kubva pamusoro wayo (kumaodzanyemba) ari Turkmenistan uye mumwe 30% (kuchamhembe uye vokumadokero chikamu) - Uzbekistan. Nemahombekombe kwegungwa hwokumusoro ndorwevaya Karakalpakstan Republic Uzbekistan, uye kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva chokuita Dashoguz velayat pakati Turkmenistan.

Hydrology, parameters, uye nehove fauna of kwegungwa

Zita mvura ane Turkic mavambo uye rinoreva "tsvuku tsanga." Shoreline kwegungwa riri mukati zvakasimba uye vakawanda jecha. It vagara Sarykamysh kwegungwa akasiyana akapfuma uye rakasiyana nemhuka. Mumvura ake zvatinosiita hove huru (kabhu, knot, Catfish uye dzimwe mhando), uye zvitsuwa zvakawanda azere mutambo. Pano unogona kuwana mouflon, bere, mhuka musii, nehukurwizi kana Flamingo. Nokuti kudzivirirwa hwemvura eshiri munzvimbo yakanga akasikwa Sarykamysh Reserve.

Lake Sarykamysh ane zvinotevera parameters:

• kureba - 120? km;
• upamhi - 40? km;
• avhareji udzamu - 8 M;
• kunonyanyisa udzamu - 40 M;
• yaipedzerwa mvura mugungwa anenge 12,000 cubic metres. mamita.

Gungwa Anotambanudza kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. Western pamahombekombe dura riri pamawere uye precipitous, uye ayo udzamu zvishoma nezvishoma kunowedzera mberi kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva. The kumabvazuva kwegungwa runoyerera ive hazvizivi gwara, inova huru tsime raro kugutsikana.

Lake Sarykamysh munhoroondo Dam

Ichi yakapoteredzwa muviri mvura ine inovava-wakawanda mvura akavapo pamusoro "muviri" nyika haisi nguva dzose zvazviri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akanga ari pamugumo Neogene uye kuMiddle Ages. Zvino pakupera XIX remakore, gungwa rukapwa zvakare (pamusoro tsaru mepu Soviet hauzovawani it). All kuchinja izvi zvaitsamira kugamuchira mvura Amu DARYA bheseni Sarikamish kana kwete. Kana yoRwizi yachinja rakananga Sea Aral, gungwa yapwa.

Munguva Soviet, guru hwenzvimbo Central chinoda Asian akafukidza donje rabha. In Mumatsutso nechando, yecocoa izvi zvakasukwa kwazvo kushandisa chaiyo hurongwa kudiridzwa migero. Mvura somugumisiro izvi yakazara zvinokuvadza akageza kubva ivhu. Shandisa "Flushing" mvura akatsausa kurenje uye pasingagarwi nzvimbo, apo pamusoro nguva vakaumba mvura zhinji muchetura. Mumwe wavo aiva nyanza Sarykamysh.

Kuzadzikisa Sarykamysh mwoyo kwakaitika 70s remakore rapfuura. Muna 1977, nzvimbo kwegungwa pamusoro raiva 1500 ba. km uye kuguma 80s chakatowedzera kusvika 3,000 mativi mamita. ? km. Today Sarykamysh zvachose munzvimbo iri vanenge 5 zviuru akaenzana. ? km.

Environmental nyaya Lake

Sei vanhu vanoshandisa Sarykamysh nyanza nhasi? Chaizvoizvo, hapana. Kutaura zvazviri, kubva 1971, bheseni ayo akazadzwa chepfu yakaipisisa (makemikari uye mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene), sukurudza ane donje rabha. Vangani vavo vaunganidza mudziva munguva yose iyi - hakuna ikozvino anogona zvechokwadi kutaura kwete. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo Sarykamysh yakatanga zvakanaka hove.

Dziva haisi nyore, uye Mahombekombe ayo pasingagarwi. Kubva kumavirira nokumabvazuva pamusoro wayo pasi inotonhorera overhang mazana (pemidengerero) Ustyurt uye kuchamhembe nzira kwazviri kuvhara Karabaur anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Kurutivi rwezasi pamhenderekedzo kwegungwa riri masa sand of Karakum murenje. Uyezve, munzvimbo dzakawanda (nokuda mvura pamwero nokufamba) kwemhenderekedzo kuva safambika Marsh.

Chimwe chinetso chikuru Sarykamysh rwegungwa - nayo zvakawedzera salinity kwemvura yaro. Iye zvino pachiyero 15-20 ppm uye kukura.

Muna 2013, Turkmenistan yakatanga chinzvimbo chirongwa kuumba yakakura mudhamu rakagadzirwa Altyn Asyr. Nokuti ichi chirongwa kubva chefuma ehurumende rakachengetedzwa dzinounzwa $ 4.5 billion. About 50% mvura inflow mune ramangwana mudziva kupa gwara-siyana kuti anodyisa kugungwa Sarikamis. Chii chichaitika kune muviri mvura mune ramangwana, rine chokuita Implementation iri "ndarama" chirongwa, hapana anonyatsoziva.

Sarykamysh Lake chikara

A siyana tiwane nyaya uye ngano kweLake Sarykamysh akatanga vachishingaira kuzvarwa pakati pezana 70s. Kana toreva ndezvechokwadi - zvakaoma kutaura. Asi pamusoro notoriety nzvimbo makuhwa rinoparadzirwa yose Soviet Union.

Saka, varedzi ruzivo akatiudza kuti hove mudziva hove wokumwe uye kujeka. Vavhimi riri pamhenderekedzo ayo zvakanaka gnawed marangwanda saiga. Ndiani aigona izvozvo kuvasiya? Nokuti kunze kwemutemo haana yandaurayira wake dema nechisimba zvakadaro yakachena uye yakarongedzwa.

Gare gare, pedyo Sarıkamış vanhu vakatanga kusangana hombe uye chinoshamisa romugungwa, kufanana ingava garwe, kana riri nedzvinyu. zvikara izvi makuru kumativi maziso pakarepo Akasvetuka achibuda jecha uye vakarwisa kusurukirwa vafudzi, vafambi, vabati vehove, uye masayendisiti.

Sarikamish Karkidon

Local zvikara dzakakurumbira zita romusere rokuti Karkidon. Kakawanda Sarykamysh "Chupacabra" akarondedzerwa se garwe ane chinjwa muswe uye makumbo refu kwazvo. The muviri Kureba chikara zvasvika mamita maviri (a hafu mita dzakawira pemhuka muswe).

Karkidon kunyanya vakadya saiga zvayo, makwai uye mouflon. Dzimwe nguva vakarwisa vanhu. Vakawanda vakafunga kuti izvi zvikara vavapo somugumisiro kunotouraya vachena madzvinyu kukonzerwa hombe mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene.

Paiva Karkidon here? Kana akanga chete mumwe chinonyangadza ngano? Zvino zvakaoma kutaura, nokuti hapana uchapupu chokuvapo kwavo hakusi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nhamo Karkidon akanga chakagadziriswa pamusangano chakavanzika Politburo muna 1978. Kuchenesa nharaunda kubva mutants pavaiita pachivande, pamwe nezvokupindira nemauto. Kunyange zvichibvira kuti vashomanana vakaponeswa mamwe kudzidza.

mhedziso

Sarykamysh nyanza - chikuru yakapoteredzwa muviri mvura muCentral Asia, pamuganhu Uzbekistan uye Turkmenistan. Kokupedzisira mudziva bheseni ikazara muna 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Pamwe chete mvura mariri mune mari zvikuru zvinokuvadza pamwe zvokurima yecocoa, akatendeuka hunokachidza munyu mudziva sump.