Sezvo kuurayiwa Lermontov M.Yu. Ndiani akauraya Lermontov

Makore anopfuura zana nemakumi manomwe kubvira Lermontov akafa. Panguva ino, vaongorori vakawanda vakaedza kupinda chakavanzika chinoshamisa rufu nyanduri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akaurayiwa ari duel shamwari yepedyo - Nikolai Martynov. Asi pasi hapana ezvinhu akamuka kuti zvinouraya kudhumhana - hazvisi pachena ikozvino. Kuti mashoko sei uye kupi akafa, Lermontov, ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

shamwari kwenguva yakareba

Asati musangano wokupedzisira Pyatigorsk, Lermontov uye Martynov vaiva shamwari dzepedyo. Ushamwari pakati pavo dzakatevera kunyange kadheti chikoro. Pasinei refu uye kakawanda yokuparadzana, kumadhindindi akakwanisa kuramba ukama hwakanaka. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1840, paaigara Moscow, mudetembi kazhinji kushanyira mhuri Martynov. Panguva ino, Nicholas pachake Solomonovich akashanda kuCaucasus. Apo Mikhail akasvika Pyatigorsk uye ndakadzidza kuti Martynov ari ipapo, nomufaro kutarisira kusangana neshamwari yekare. Yaiva May 13, 1841. Chaizvoizvo mwedzi miviri gare gare (13 July) Lermontov akafa duel.

unexpressed chigumbu

The vatsvakurudzi vanoti Martynov aigona muchikakavadzana Lermontov, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Mumwe wavo - chido kudzivirira rukudzo hanzvadzi yake. Chokwadi chokuti Mikhail haasi kakawanda chete akashanyira shamwari mhuri, asi vachidanana Nataley Solomonovnoy Martynovoy. Iye, maererano nedzimwe zvapupu, akanga kunyange anoda nyanduri. Anozivikanwa nokuda kwake hunhu akaoma, Lermontov asina kufuridzirwa tsitsi Martynov mai. Mutsamba yake iye akanyora kuti mwanasikana wake anoda boka Mikhail Yurevich, asi zvakaipa kuitira mutauro hazvigoni wakarega, uye izvi vaduku nerunako. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida, kutya havana pasina? Nokufamba kwenguva, shanduro ino akanzi sauka.

hitman

Kune undocumented kubvuma nomunhu harare zimbabwe, biographers kuti Lermontov akafa duel hakusi netsaona. Martynov kunyange kuziva mafungiro kuti nyanduri chepamusoro revatongi yeChina uye akanga agadzirira kuparadza shamwari akwegura, zvinangwa zvoudyire. saka anogona kuedza kuvakazve dzavo vashatisa basa rake rehondo. Zvisinei, shanduro iyi asinganyimi mvura. Duel mumazuva iwayo airangwa zvakaomarara kwazvo. Nikolai Solomonovich (mushure Lermontov akafa) zvakanaka panyaya aigona kuvimba basa iri Caucasian hondo somurwi nyore. Nokuti ichi chingaitika yakaipisisa link kuSiberia.

kanyanyisa zvaiti

The inonyanya shanduro pamusoro zvinokonzera kuti duel ndechokuti Mikhail aiva yakaoma-pfungwa uye kazhinji zvakaipa kunonakidza vamwe. vakararama mudetembi wacho zvinopupurira kuti kazhinji akasarudza nangananga tsitsi majee pakati shamwari dzake. Somuenzaniso, maererano Kuyeuka Satina N. M., unhu uhwu haabvumirwi pedyo Lermontov muna 1837 pamwe Decembrists vakatapwa uye Belinsky muna Pyatigorsk. Muzhizha 1841, Martynov akava ichangobva waitirwa Nyanduri-liners. Mikhail akamupa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "munhu ane munondo," uye "Highlander" akacherera nezvenyaya iyi yakawanda bhendesera cartoons. A chimvuramabwe kusekwa akarova musoro Nikolaya Solomonovicha. Zvinonzi chete Lermontov akaratidza maitiro ane curved mutsetse uye refu munondo, uye vose pakarepo vaiziva kuti anozodza. Martynov akaedza zvaaigona yokuseka kuripfekenura, asi zvakashaya basa - kukwikwidzana pamwe zvaiti ane mudetembi zvakanga zvisingaiti. Chokwadi ichi ndiyo mhinduro huru kuti mubvunzo sei Lermontov akafa.

zvimwewo

Saka, Mikhail aiva akaipa rurimi uye pfupi akadzikama chaizvo nemafungiro. Nekuda izvi unhu muupenyu hwake hupfupi akakwanisa chokuunganidza yakawanda vavengi. About ndivanaani uye chii vavariro vakanga kutungamirirwa, hapana anoziva. The kupfuura yakavimbika mutsvakurudzi Nyanduri upenyu - PA Viskovatov - anoti chivande neminhenga ari mukuru wacho kumativi Merlini. Zvichida mutambo akauya akakurumbira dhipatimendi Benkendorf. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumwe chipfuro kusekwa Nyanduri - hapana Lisanevich - kazhinji akakurudzira Mikhail Yurevich kukonzera duel. Asi nguva dzose akaramba. Kana pissed panguva yose, nezvikonzero isingazivikanwi, kumanikidzwa kusiya Martynov handizvo zvakaitika. Vabvume kundorwa mutadzi ari wakanaka nokurwa kwake kwakanga nyore. Lermontov rufu yave hakudzivisiki. Muna 1941, musi waJuly 13, Nicholas Solomonovich akadenha naye kuti duel.

bopoto ezvinhu

Prince Vasilchikov mu netsamba dzake akanyora kuti zuva iroro pane mabiko panguva General Verzilinoy Mihail Yurevich kutendera mumwe hasha pamusoro Martynov. Mukadzi hama uye shamwari Lermontov TEKSTO Shang Giray, zvinoratidza kuti Nicholas Solomonovich rakacheneruka uye mufashoni inzwi akayeuchidza nyanduri, nguva dzose vachikumbira kuti tisiyane kusekwa kwakadaro pamberi vakadzi. Akadzokorora kuti Handimupinduri Kwapera mashoma kakawanda pashure paizvozvo Mikhail pachake akamukurudzira kuti akumbire pa kugutsikana. Martynov pakarepo akagadza zuva nokuda mutambo. First duelists shamwari havana kuzviita kuti kukosha kune ichi anopfuurawo kukakavara. Zviripachena, Hondo yaizogadziriswa chero nguva. Asi Mikhail haana kutora matanho vakananga rokuyananisa.

Akurukure Martynau

Zvapupu uye zvapupu zvakaona sei akafa M. Yu. Lermontov, vanoti kuti Nicholas Solomonovicha vakaedza kuti duel. Asi akanga akatsunga. Zvichida Martynov aiva pasi pokudzora vamwe vaikurudzira, uyo akamugombedzera kuti chibvumirano iri rokuyananisa kuti vamuite musoro mumaziso "chiedza". Vazhinji vanoti basa reDare inogara iripo pano Third Division. Pane zviitiko apo sangano Benkendorf kwakatadzisa Kusaona duel. Uye zvichida akaziviswa pamusoro mutambo. Ndosaka rakatevera zuva Pyatigorsk busted magondo harashari namapurisa. Zvisinei, kudzivisa rufu Lermontov hazvina yavo kufarira.

Abnormalities iri duel

Friends Mikhail Yurevich hapana mubvunzo rugare Zvaizobuda mutambo. Vaifunga kuti duel achava kusununguka. Kazhinji shamwari pasina dziri ndokufa. Kuparidza sei Mikhail Lermontov akafa, Prince Vasilchikov kusvikira yapera vakafunga kuti nyanduri haana kufungisisa kuuya muhondo. A duel haana zvakajeka vakaparadzira masekonzi, pakanga pasina chiremba, uye kunyange, zvaipesana zvose kazhinji vakagamuchira canons, vakapinda vateereri. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin, shamwari Mihailom Yurevichem, yake manotsi sei Lermontov akafa achangobva vaisimbirira kuti kurwa chaitwa "vose mitemo uye nokukudzwa." Above Martynov, uyo vaizivikanwa inotya, vazhinji kuseka. ezvinhu ichi haana kumubvumira kuti atore pfuti kubva shamwari kare.

Ezvinhu duel

Vasilchikov muchinda, tichiyeuka kuti Lermontov akaurayiwa, akanyora zvinotevera. Masekondi akayera matanho matatu akawana rokupedzisira chipingamupinyi paces gumi. Vakabva abatidza vavengi pamusoro yokunyanyisa kure uye akavaudza kuti wekuita pamusoro chikwata: "Marsh" Ipapo masekonzi vakaremerwa pfuti, dzikavatambidza duelists uye akarayira: "wekuita" Mikhail akagara panzvimbo, shading kubva zuva, cocked uye kumutsa pfuti dhiramu kumusoro. Chiso chake chakanga vakadzikama, anenge anopa mashoko. Uyewo Martynov akakurumidza aswedera mechidziro pakarepo vapfurwa. Mudetembi akawira. Viskovatov kunowedzera ezvinhu sei akafa M. Lermontov, chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Zvinoratidza, maererano Vasilchikova kuti mhando kumhanyira pake Martynov akatumidza kumhura pachiso Mikhail Yurevich. Mudetembi wakatandavadza maoko ake mudenga, asi haana kuva nguva kupfura kare mudenga.

Lermontov maitiro

Unhu Nyanduri inoverengeka mibvunzo. Chokwadi chokuti Mikhail akaita atambudzwe tsitsi yake majee Martynov, zvakanga zvakajairika. Asi nei vepachokwadi chigumbu shamwari kwenguva yakareba Nyanduri harina kumira kubva mberi kushungurudzwa? Mushure Lermontov, kunyange zvikaoma, iye aiva nomutsa zvikuru kune shamwari dzake. Pane zviitiko apo Mikhail pakarepo ruregerero kune kugumbuka munhu kwavari. Nei zvakaitika kuna Martynov iye chaizvoizvo kukumbira kurwa? Uyewo, kana Lermontov haana funga zvikonzero duel chakakura, nei haana pakarepo akapfura kukwira mumhepo? zvinhu izvi vari maitiro Nyanduri vachiri kunoshamisa.

Lermontov uye Pechorin

Mikhail rave akasimbisa kuti kunyange ezvinhu yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu", kana chimiro Pechorin havana nazvo kupfuura hazvishandi. Kunyange zvakadaro, mupfungwa pachisara zvinofumura nezvegore protagonist pamusoro yokufungidzira, Chokwadi, pedyo Lermontov. Pashure pezvose, anoratidza nyika pazvinhu ake yomukati - basa rake. Saka, zvichida, vanokwanisa ichi, chiri chakavanzika sei Mihail Yurevich Lermontov akafa? Zvimwe chete aitamba, kuitisa mupfungwa kuedza musi shamwari yake yekare? Kutaura zvazviri, maitiro Martynau ane chimwe chinhu Grushnitsky. Anoedzawo kuvanda kuseri masiki munhu kudanana gamba iri pamberi nyanduri, zvichida anotarisa musoro uye penga. Just kukonzera Lermontov kuti duel, harigoni neimwe nzira zvipararire pamusoro mupikisi yake. Sei Mikhail anoedza vapfure mumhepo panguva yokupedzisira, kana kare hapana mubvunzo kuti Martynov anoda kumuuraya? Iye, kufanana Pechorin, kutamba rufu, asi kusiyana hunhu hwake anofa. Kwakadaro mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, "sei rufu Lermontov" anopa mumwe vatsvakurudzi basa rake - Levin. nyaya yake "The duel Lermontov" rine mashoko akawanda anonakidza zviri mupfungwa maitiro Nyanduri mumazuva okupedzisira oupenyu.

Lermontov afa

Mudetembi akafa maminitsi mashoma pashure kukuvadzwa, pasina Pandakapengenuka. Vasilchikov vakamhanyira kuguta nokuda chiremba, asi vakadzoka chinhu - nemhaka simba okunze akaipa hapana vakabvuma naye kuenda. Maererano zvapupu, nezuva akauraya Lermontov izvozvo, akanga inonaya. Pashure paizvozvo Stolypin uye Glebov muna Pyatigorsk akaripira ngoro uye vakatumira nzvimbo duel Ivan Vertyukova (mutyairi nyanduri) uye Ilya Kozlov (muranda Glebova). Paaiva akarara panzvimbo duel akafa, vazhinji vakauya kuziva sei akafa M. Lermontov, uye tarira muviri wake. Mikhail Yurevich akaendeswa mufurati panguva eleven o'clock usiku. Akavigwa 1841, July 17, panguva Pyatigorsk kumakuva. Pane kuisa muviri nyanduri wacho kwemazuva 250. mbuya vake, E. A. Arsenevoy, akatsiva yamambo mvumo kutakura uye muzukuru mapfupa musha. Muna 1842, 23 April, mudetembi Mikhail Yurevich akavigwa Tarkhany pedyo sekuru vake namai.

Fate Martynov

Lermontov rufu akakonzera kutsamwa kukuru mberi yeChina wokuRussia munzanga. muurayi wake zvikuru vanotsigira zhinji chinoziva vanhu nguva. Iye pedare rechiuto rokutanga, akatongerwa yezve ehurumende zvose uye demotion. Zvisinei, chokupedzisira mutongo wakange aizomubvumira. Maererano naye, Martynov mwedzi mitatu ari brig, akanga pasi muchechi kupfidza, uye makore ipapo mashomanana kushumira sakaremende muKiev. Zvadaro, iye akanyora netsamba sei Lermontov akafa noruoko rwake. Nicholas pachake Solomonovich akafa muna 1875, makore 60, uye akavigwa mhuri penzvimbo pedyo nomusha Ievleva. guva rake isimo. Muna 1924, mumhuri nemba yake oga Martynov akaisa Alekseevskaya chikoro yaitongwa apina. vagari varo akaparadza crypt uye zvasara Nicholas Solomonovicha rikanyuramo munharaunda dziva. Izvi kwaiva chirango kupondwa nomudetembi kukuru.

Zvino kuti munoziva Lermontov akaurayiwa sei uye kupi. Uyu murume chipo kukabatanidzwa mukati make guru rokusika tarenda uye ushingi kweuto mukuru. Upenyu hwake hupfupi, asi akangwara, akakwanisa kunyora yakawanda kunoshamisa mabasa. The zita Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ndeimwe yenzvimbo rakakurumbira uye airemekedzwa mumabhuku Russian.