Rerunziro mutungamiri: tsanangudzo, unhu. Ndiani anogona kunzi mutungamiri rerunziro? Pfungwa yokuti "mutungamiriri inoporesa" uyo nezvevanakomana evanhu? A mutungamiri vakashangazhika ndechekuti ...

Munhu anokwezva mutungamiri - munhu anofarira mumwe nomukurumbira mumaziso nevamwe. Kutonga kwake Anotsigirwa zvavo kwete kutyisidzira, uye pamano kutenda uye chivimbo muna "vakasarudzwa vanhu."

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pokuti zvinorevei "rerunziro mutungamiri" (Tsanangudzo, kutanga sezviri kuratidzwa, uye zvakawanda), izvozvo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Pfungwa aikwanisa

Kubva pakutanga chaipo chokuvapo kwevanhu munzanga vatungamiriri vasingakwanisi chete kunongedzera nzira, asi kutungamirira. Kunyange munguva zvakakomba nhamo yavo vateveri haana kwekanguva kumbozununguka, uye anoramba vakatenda mutungamiri wavo, mambo kana mambo.

Fani iyi inonzi "aikwanisa" uye munhu ane uhwu pakuzivikanwa se mutungamiriri vekushangazhika. Shoko racho pacharo rinoreva "chipo chaMwari,", uye zvirokwazvo, chiitiko ichi runoonekwa nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda wakaiswa pamusoro zvomweya, kana kuti mano rinopfuura revanhu. Pakutanga, izvi izwi rinongoshandisirwa vatongi kana vatungamiriri vemauto, asi kubva pakati rokupedzisira remakore, akatanga kushevedzera zvinenge munhu, inomira kubva vakawanda, uye kazhinji unhu uye kubudirira, runako kana kuzvisimudzira. Izvi zvinoreva mutungamiri rerunziro, ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Pfungwa yokuti "mutungamiriri inoporesa" iri evanhu

Pfungwa yokuti "mutungamiriri inoporesa" wakatangwa muna muzvinadzidzo wokuGermany evanhu zvechitendero uye tsika Ernst Troeltsch. Gare gare izwi yakazokudziridzwa nokuda nyanzvi yokuGermany Maksom Veberom, uyo akagadzira pasi dzekare tsanangudzo, uye zvakasimbisa Comprehensive kudzidza Fani iyi kwaari. Vamwe vaongorori ano zvamaronga kuti kupa tsanangudzo iyi zvikuru rakatetepa pfungwa kuti kunze uwandu vakadaro unhu categorically akasiyana akafanana Muprofita Mosesi Hitler, Gandhi uye Genghis Khan.

Nemaonero Weber kwakaita yokuti aikwanisa Fani havagoni kuva zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, zvakanaka kana ounzenza. Izvi zvakadaro hazvirevi kuti unhu uye nokushanda mutungamiriri yakadaro hazvigoni kuongororwa pamusoro zvakasikwa zvinodiwa. Saka, masayendisiti akawanda, kubvisa kusaziva, shandisa zvakasiyana tsanangudzo, izvo zvinoita kuti zvakanyatsonanga zvakanyatsojeka pfungwa "mutungamiriri inoporesa". Kwakamboitwa evanhu yakanatswa rokuti Dzhordzh Tsapi, anotenda kuti kazhinji, pachinhu zvinoshamisa hunhu yakawanda zvakakodzera kushandisa pfungwa "ari umhare mutungamiri."

Rerunziro vatungamiriri munhoroondo yevanhu

History akaita yakanyorwa mienzaniso yakawanda yevaya aigona kunzi mutungamiriri rerunziro kwatiri. Kutanga, zviri vemauto akakurumbira uye vatongi: Aleksandr Makedonsky, Genghis Khan, Napoleon. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nhamba zvikuru zvakadai anozivikanwa nhasi pamusoro pebasa nyengedza zvinenge musoro ose rakabudirira kambani kana evanhu sangano. Kudzidza Fani iyi pamwe nedzimwe matambudziko. Chokwadi, izvi nokuti sayenzi anofanira Zvisinei "yakanaka" tsanangudzo pfungwa,, idealize uye kunyange kuronga haisi zvinogoneka zvakananga unhu. A mutungamiri vakashangazhika ndechekuti saka zvinoshamisa mufananidzo kuti chaizvoizvo kuwana mhinduro chaiwo kuti mubvunzo wokuti yakadaro imwe mutungamiri, anenge shamisa. Uyezve, munhu akadaro nguva dzose rinowanika munguva dzenhamo, uye panguva yokuchinja zviitiko, uye haukwanisi nguva dzose kunzwisisa chaizvo - kana chokwadi kana kunaka kwayo chitarisiko richinzi kwavari.

Vladimir Lenin Ilyich

Ndiani rerunziro mutungamiri munhoroondo Soviet? Muenzaniso mumwe mutungamiriri yakadaro anganzi V. I. Lenina, mutungamiri Bolshevik Party, mugoveri uye mutungamiriri mugovanisi yechimurenga Russia. Zvechokwadi, maererano vaairarama uye pamwe nebato nhengo, Lenin pakati enyika vakamira panze nokuti chete vakatenda uye vakamutevera pasina chinhu ndishushikane. Uyezve, Lenin - mutungamiriri rerunziro, chaizvoizvo akanga kukwanisa kutsanangura zvakaoma zveupfumi uye pfungwa nyaya yakakura makuru vasina kudzidza. Vakamuteerera spellbound, kufema, uye tinofanira kuyeuka kuti ichi chaiva kutanga muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, uye hapana chikuru zvekushandisa zvokushandisa, kuwedzera inzwi rake ari mukurukuri haana nyore.

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin

Iosif Stalin - mutungamiriri rerunziro, baba vanhu, musiki kupfuura kujairika uye akapotsa tarenda ezvinhu zvose vamborarama. Tinyatsonzwisisa Stalin unhu ndiyo inenge nguva zvakawanda, uye kazhinji nekambani. Pasina mubvunzo, mubati aiva rakasiyana nemano kuparadza vavengi vavo, avo kazhinji vaiva vavengi mamiriro. Vazhinji aikwanisa ake uye deification pakati mafeni, Chokwadi, hariumbi evasingatombonamati utungamiri (kunyange zvazvo akanga navo zvizere) - uye kunzwa kutya, raakanga zvakatooma kutsanangura aigona uye aigona kufuridzira kunyange nhasi.

Vatsvakurudzi Vazhinji vanowanzofunga Stalin wakachena mutungamiri rerunziro, kunyange zvazvo kunozivikanwa kuti mafeni ake uye nevateveri vakanga vagadzirira mutungamiri wavo kuti zvibayiro vari truest pfungwa shoko. Masoja Simple akakwira pamusoro wake zita, iro pacharo - a nani isingawanzowanikwi chinoshamisa. Kazhinji kacho izvi, vateveri akagutsa pfungwa (somuenzaniso, rusununguko) kana rimwe pfungwa Motherland, yavo nyika.

Sharl De Goll

Muenzaniso dzinongoitika mutungamiri anogona kushumira Sharl De Goll, ane basa achine chinokosha muupenyu European upenyu enyika. kakawanda purezidhendi pachake wakakumbira kupfuudzwa kuna pfungwa aikwanisa uye aiva mutsigiri pfungwa yokuti simba yevanhu unhu ane mararamiro kare zvikuru nesimba kupfuura nevakawanda. Uyezve, purezidhendi, uyo, shure maviri kupfuura utsinye dzenyika akakwanisa kutungamirira France kuti kubudirira uye kuti basa rimwe vaitungamirira nyika masimba, vaidavira kuti rudo vanhu vanotsigirwa nevamwe "mugumisiro chishamiso," akaramba kubudirira muzvinhu zvose, ndinopupura kuti uyu ndiye munhu ari " chepamutemo mwanakomana kudenga. " Mangoti chipo chaMwari ichi anonyangarika, wafa aitsigira nyaya - haazombotaurwi uye kutenda kwevateveri.

Uyezve, mashoko anokwezva mutungamiri of Gaulle mubhuku rake rinonzi "The webakatwa" rave akasimbisa kuti kunyange nomination munhu National mutungamiri munguva dzenhamo haina kuitika inobva kusarudzwa pakati enyika iripo nenhamba. mutungamiri Popular sokunge arayira "simba chinozunguzirwa," uye Gen. kuramba nhoroondo fatalism zvachose vachimudana pfungwa kuti mbwende.

Adolf Hitler

Hapana mubvunzo kuti Adolf Hitler inokurukurwawo sendarama unoshamisa muenzaniso yemweya unhu remakore rechimakumi maviri. Germany kwemazana emakore, sezvinoita Phoenix - kuti kupiswa dzakatevedzana hondo isingaperi pakati Europe, achangobva vakamukira, kazhinji kupfuura zvayaive kare. Führer akakwanisa kupa vanhu vake rakavanzika zvechokwadi pfungwa. Hitler - mutungamiriri rerunziro uyo aikwanisa vakawanda kwete chete vateveri vagutsikane, asi vagari vanhuwo kuti ivo, Aryans - dzinza kudarika musoro vamwe vose. Pfungwa iyi akakwanisa kubatanidza vanhu German kuitira kuti apo waimiririra kukanganisa vanhu zviri zvechokwadi yemapuraneti pezvose.

Zvino Hitler akasarudza anoratidza mumwe neboka rima simba, ndiyo zvachose tarenda nzira akakwanisa kuunza pfungwa dzavo negurumwandira revanhu uye kuvanyengetedza kuti vakawanda kupenga anenge hypnotized. Zvisinei, hazvisi. Vazhinji vakararama munguva German Führer sei kure "kwete vanhuwo murume." Unofanirawo kunzwisisa kuti raitsigirwa kwete vakawanda pakati-kirasi, kana murombo - asi vakadzidza uye vakapfuma sectors munzanga, kwete chete muGermany. Vaigona kuenda kupenga kuti? Ungangove - kwete. Chokwadi, kuti pave ayo simba Hitler akashandisa ose angafungidzirika uye sanzwisisika kuita. Somuenzaniso, iye akaiswa azvishingise murwi World War First zvake, uye kakawanda akaratidza izvi tsika. Akadzidza orate nezvakanakisisa vatambi nguva yake. Aigara vakatsvaka rapprochement yavo pachavo vanhu, achida kuziva pfungwa uye manzwire vanhu kwete chete, asi chaizvoizvo munhu wose. Machira ane hwokunyanyisa muna Hitler pachake zvakanaka, yakapa sei kuti mafeni vazhinji Führer haana kukahadzika maari kana pfungwa dzake kana nevavariro.

Zvinhu zviri chinonakidza

The kudzidza Chiitiko ari kubuda kwaiita unhu - ndiwo mubvunzo kuti chaizvoizvo anomira pamberi pakudzidza pokudzora wacho ari enhoroondo muitiro. Zvisinei, pasinei guru uwandu kutsvakurudza kuti masayendisiti pachavo ndiye anokwezva zvikuru mutungamiriri Chiitiko aiva "chigumbuso." Masayendisiti, masayendisiti enyika uye evanhu vanoziva kuti haasi chose kunzwisiswa, kuti mashandiro ose parinowanika. Hapana mubvunzo kukonzera, uye vachiberekwa uye vawana unyanzvi hwevanhu asi kunzwisisa chii chaizvo unhu akamumisa here kusika zvakafanira simba, kazhinji hazviiti. Uyezve, kuongorora kwesayenzi inowanzonzi kunangidzirwa kwete kudzidza unhu, uye zvinonyanya nokushapira kuti kufunga vamwe, zvakanaka kana akaipa zviito uye ezvinhu paumbwe mutungamiriri akadaro. Kazhinji, pane zvitatu zvinoita kuti mutungamiri rerunziro anooneka.

1. Crisis. Rinogona kuva enyika, zvoupfumi uye zvemagariro zvinetso, kukundikana zvechiuto uye zvichingodaro, siyana dzavo uye tangles. Pazvinotanga kwokuderera ehurumende - chakakomba bvunzo kuti vanhu. Vanhu vanogona sei nenzira dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, vangava kukura kutyisa risati raparadzwa vanhu mumuviri, vakutyei kurasikirwa boka ravo kana kirasi kana chete kunzwa kurwadziwa nokurasikirwa yokufungidzira nevakawanda upenyu tsika uye zvinoitwa. Sezvingatarisirwa, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vanhu vanowanzovimba uye kutevera vaya anonyatsoziva zvokuita - nokuti mutungamiri, uyo anotova vatsigiri zhinji, uye kwete kuratidza aikwanisa yake uye vanhu vakasarudzwa vaMwari.

2. chikuru wechipiri kuziva nezve yemweya mutungamiriri, dzetsika nemagariro legitimation, kana chikamu chikuru vanhu vanoziva nekodzero panowanikwa kazhinji zvisina mutungamiri.

3. The chinhu chechitatu - kutsigirwa enyika kwete chete pakati negurumwandira chavagari, asi pakati mapati, vatungamiri vavo, uye vamiririri pamutemo ehurumende miviri.

Zvino vachiwedzera simba kuti wechina chinhu, izvo kana kare akateerera, ipapo chiduku. Izvi - kutsigira yemweya mutungamiri pamusoro vezvenhau. Unogona kutaura chii chihombe basa kukura zvose enyika vatungamiri okupedzisira 100 makore airidza venhau, uye mazuva ano anotsigira chaizvoizvo simba ichi kana kuti munhu mumunda mashoko - hwatakazvarwa.

Zvinoitwa mutungamiri yemweya

Mutungamiri uyu mhando kazhinji zvinoda kuva hwounhu. Wekumusoro vakakurumbira vari:

1. Kuziva uye kukurudzira ayo aakatipa basa uye basa, zvainanga yakakura kushanduka muzita kuchinja kana kununura vanhu. Izvi zvinowanzoda nokufanoziva zviitiko, uye, kazhinji, chirongwa kana purogiramu zvinhu.
2. Personal chikumbiro, izvo hazvo kunoratidzwa kuva chitarisiko. Kazhinji, pamusoro kudaro, simba rerunziro mutungamiri - murume vazhinji, kufanana murume ari mumugwagwa, panguva imwe chete inogona kuita imwe urema. Zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti mutungamiri akadaro aifanira kuva mumwe utsinye - hazvibviri kuva gamba pasina uhwu. vatungamiriri vakadaro, vakadzi vakaita Zina Dark kana Margaret Thatcher, mumaziso uye ndangariro vakararama vaiva noushingi kupfuura vakawanda varume nguva yedu.
3. Nezvibayiro hondo panguva mutungamiri anokwezva zvikuru kazhinji pokutanga. Mano kuzvipira uye kukunda mune vagare pamwe ezvinhu uye vavengi - chinokosha kuti mafeni vateveri.
4. Identity zvinangwa. Maererano nevaongorori vakawanda, vazhinji vakaona mutungamiri munhu anokwanisa kufuridzira chinangwa chake zvizere uwirirane zvinodiwa vanhu.
5. Kuvapo muvengi ane simba. Pasinei nokuti mutungamiri agara waitsigira kuti mubatanidzwa, rinokosha mabasa ake Zvinoda kutsvaka, kuonekwa uye pakurwisana nomuvengi. Dzimwe nguva - ngozi chaizvo, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zviripo chokwadi, kana somuvengi anogona kuita kunyange chaihwoihwo pfungwa.
6. Zvikuru basa reDare vatsigiri vanoshingaira. Kazhinji, mutungamiri haritombotauri kuvimba sangano kana utariri sangano. Dzimwe nguva anotarisira kuti vatsigiri ake kutora nyaya mumaoko avo, kazhinji wakarurama, uye vateveri kunogona zvikuru okunyanyisa pane mutungamiri wavo.

Vatungamiriri vekushangazhika nguva yedu

Modern vatungamiriri vane mu Kakawanda kacho, hativimbi vatsigire vanhu - vari kuwedzera kuva huru chakaita kukurudzira kuzivikanwa kuburikidza munda mashoko, kureva kuburikidza vezvenhau. Nokuti pamadiro anoyevedza nzira inogona kuva musoro uye unremarkable munhu, dzimwe nguva haana kukwanisa kuzvimiririra.

Sezvo muenzaniso ano "terevhizheni" iri Russian mutungamiri anogona kutungamirira Vladimir Zhirinovsky. Haagoni chaizvoizvo kukanganisa chimwe chisarudzo chipi enyika haana vepachokwadi mafeni, hwokunyanyisa, kukwanisa kuenda naye rufu. Asi Zhirinovsky, nokuda kwazvo kuita unhu, ane imwe mutungamiri simba.

Second undoubted mutungamiri rerunziro - ndiye mutungamiri kuitwa Russia Vladimir Putin. Pasinei Kuvapo zvinetso zvoupfumi uye enyika upenyu wenyika, ayo zviito zvikurukuru vanotsigirwa zvavo. Putin, chokwadi, hauna kwakakwana akagadzirwa yepamusoro cho ichi mhando. Somuenzaniso, hapana kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi unhu. Pasinei pasina maitiro zviri mutungamiriri National, munhu uyu anoramba kuva akakurumbira pakati yevagari.

Pakati pavapenyu, kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso mutungamiri "wakachena" vakashangazhika ndechekuti Fidel Castro. The kuchitsigira echimurenga, mukurukuri kwakajeka, zvinobudirira mukuru ane dzose Havana fodya mumuromo make, akawana kusvikira hauzununguki simba, nemhaka unhu. Haana chete vatiremekedze uye achikudza vanhu vake, iye yakawana rusununguko rwakakwana Cuba. zita rake rizivikanwe ose pakona yose, nyaya hwake takapoteredzwa denderedzwa rechiedza kukudzwa, kwemakore akawanda here uchenjeri kuti atonge nyika yavo. Vakawanda vanoona kutonga kwake somunhu udzvinyiriri, asi tinofanira kurangarira kuti chimiro ichi management uye chairwo rerunziro, kazhinji havazivi chero kufanana makwikwi.

Fidel Castro - the murongi vakawanda nokumukirana uye nokumukirana, akanga anobatanidzwa mukurwa, iye akapukunyuka 638 kupondwa kuedza. Chechitatu munhoroondo yevanhu pamusoro bhodhi urefu, kaviri kupinda Guinness Book of Records, Fidel Castro, "njodzi" kugumisa upenyu hwake haana kufanana vakawanda "umhare mutungamiri" - pamuchinjikwa kana moto, nokuda uturu kana kwakakwidibira ushoma - asi yake pamubhedha, vakapoteredzwa dzimwe mhuri, akawandisa mafeni uye vateveri.