Ukraine: chikwereti chenyika - mari rinoenda kundorangwa kana kwadzinoita kuvapo?

Ukraine - a ruzivo-vapfumi nyika ine kudziya nemamiriro okunze, vakava bhizimisi uye vanhu vaishanda nesimba. nzira yake ndiyo pakutanga, vasina seri chikwereti yenyika. Tinogona chete kunzwira tsitsi chokwadi, izvo chikwereti kwokunze rweUkraine ave vaunganidza 2015.

kutanga enzira

Ukraine akatanga nhoroondo yacho sezvo yakazvimirira mamiriro muna 1991. Russia akava akatsiva USSR, kusanganisira kuzvipira iye akatora zvikwereti aimbova dzeSoviet.

Reference pfungwa "chikwereti kare" Ukraine anogona kunzi July 15, 1992. On Nanhasi Verkhovna Batsirai vana inonyoreswa ehurumende inopikira pamusoro zvikwereti kune Ukrainian nemakambani kupfuura vazhinji vavo kubiridzira. Just saka mwoyo $ 2 billion. Vazhinji mari inobhadharwa kuUkraine. The chikwereti kwokunze makambani, zvino mamiriro hauna runopedzwa kusvikira ikozvino.

Muna 1993, ivo vakaramba kuvaka up muzvikwereti uye zvasvika padanho $ 3,6 billion. Zvikwereti Its yokutanga Ukraine aakapiwa Russia. In itsva inoti yakanga isati vayo mari wechiGeorgian aiva Russian Ruble. Kushandisa pokunzvenga napo mumurairo, Ukraine ari kushingaira "kudhindwa" zvemagetsi rubles, kubhadhara navo zvinhu Russian. Eastern muvakidzani maitiro akadaro akanga anoonekwa somunhu munyengeri, uye zvitsama izvi vakazopiwa yakashongedzwa sechinhu chinokosha chikwereti.

Ukraine uye dzakawanda mari nemasangano

Kubvira 1994, Ukraine akatanga kunyatsotarisa kuti dzakawanda anomukweretesa masangano. Kuti atore ipapo mari inodiwa kuti mukanyatsochengeta murayiro kuranga zvemari. The inondimukira akabuda mari pakupera 1994 iri wakagumiswa. Kuti muzadze National Bank ari kuva chirongwa bhajeti iri issuance kwehurumende zvisungo muUkraine. Ivo Muratidze akanga pfupi maturities uye yakakwirira kufarira prices.

Bonds muna 1995 akakwanisa kutengesa Hryvnia mamiriyoni 300 mugore rakatevera kare mabhiriyoni 1,5. Sezvingatarisirwa, mutemo uyu zvakaita kuti nematambudziko SERVICING chikwereti. Muna 1995, Russia anonyora kure chikamu chikwereti ari uwandu $ 1,1 billion uye rescheduling dzasara 1997, pane zvimwe zvichemo - kunyanya kubvuma muripo gasi ehurumende zvisungo.

The bhajeti dhefisiti yakanga 1997. Asi kuti akwezve mhiri kwemakungwa yose $ 1,145 billion zvakanga zvisingaiti - international mari masangano haana aenderane kumhanya zvinhu munyika. Nekushaya akafukidza zvavaisiita nzira - kusunungurwa mukuru-goho zvisungo. Hour okutsiva vakauya muna 1999. Hurumende kukwanisa kubhadhara yechimbadzo pazvisungo, uye akaenda kuongorora mubhadharo mazwi. maturities vakanga yakarideredza uye kuderedzwa yechimbadzo chikwereti.

upfumi Ukraine muna 1999 raiva gore yakaomesesa munhau yacho. The kuderedza of Hryvnia, zvinyorwa pasi GDP uye defaults yakaitika gore rino. By 1 January 2000 chikwereti renyika totaled $ 12,5 bhiriyoni, kana 60% kuti GDP. Huchiwedzera kubatsirwa uye zvakanaka mutengo nezvemaitiro bhizimisi uye Khimprom nechokwadi Ukraine 's zvoupfumi kukura kusvika 2008. Panguva iyi, iyo akakwereta mari zvachose kwete vanobatanidzwa, uye chikwereti zvachose zvishoma nezvishoma shoma.

Ukraine: chikwereti kwokunze panguva 2008 dambudziko

The yose Dambudziko akabata Ukrainian upfumi. Tisanyanya dzinoitwa pamwe IMF zvakabvumiranwa chikwereti kukura $ 16.5 mabhiriyoni ane kukura kwemakore 15. Panguva ino, gasi uye Russian ne kunetsana paairamba kubhadhara gasi akamanikidza Gazprom bindepinde chinotsva rive. Dambudziko akaramba kupinda 2009.

The mufananidzo unoratidza kwokunze chikwereti rweUkraine gore negore, zviri nyore kuona kuwedzera kwakakonzerwa izvi 2 years. Kana muna 2007 yaiva $ 54 bhiriyoni, kubudikidza pakutanga 2010 rakanga rakura $ 103 billion Dambudziko rave zvikuru akasvetukira nhamba chikwereti kwokunze kuUkraine GDP -. Kubva 55 kusvika 85%.

Kubva nokuwa pasi

Economic kwokushanda yakamira muna 2012, muna 2nd kota yakanga kunyange vamwe kukura. Mumakore akatevera 2 years paiva kuderera kuti GDP nokuda 1-2%. Upfumi vari chokwadi nechiedzo, asi enyika nyonganyonga kuguma 2013 - kutanga 2014 kwakakonzera ayo nokukurumidza kuderera.

Chisimba nokuchinja simba muna February 2014 kwakaita kuti mhirizhonga iri kumabvazuva Ukraine. Russia akambomisa kusunungurwa 2nd tranche pakati yaipedzerwa $ 15 bhiriyoni, akabvumirana nehurumende yaivapo. Ukraine, ane zvokunze chikwereti kuna Gazprom asvika majee zvikuru, Vachikwegura kumanikidzwa kutenga gasi iri prepaid hwaro. Kubva nguva ichi mukana kumutsa mari kubva Russia akarasika kuUkraine.

Hurumende itsva chaizvo inoda rubatsiro rwokunze chokuita kuparadzana Crimea uye hondo iri Donbas - nharaunda ane mupiro GDP yakasvika 20%. Ukraine, ane chikwereti zvokunze yasvika yambira zvikuru, aigona kuvimba IMF rubatsiro. Assistance akanga inopiwa, asi ane vanoverengeka ezvinhu.

Standard zvinodiwa kuti IMF kunyika abatwa ane mari mugomba - achidzikisa bhajeti havashandisi mari yakawanda, kuwedzera tariffs, nokuda kwevanhu, yakaoma zvemari chirango.

Maberere uye tarisiro

Zvinetso zvoupfumi uye rutapudzo vemamwe mukutsinhana reserves akakonzera kuderedza ari Hryvnia 3 nguva. Service chikwereti kwokunze denominated muna US madhora, yava nyore. The chikwereti kwokunze Ukraine, ane kubhadharwa purogiramu chakafanana zvimbambaira, anotyisidzira chero nguva kuunza nyika kuti kutyora chibvumirano. Kunyange zvazvo akaramba yerera chete dzakawanda zvikwereti zvitsva.