Mari yakakwereta - pfungwa uye zvinoreva

Kubudirira mune zvemari chero ipi zvayo yebhizimisi inenge isingabviri pasina kukwereta kubva kunze. Mari inokweretwa inobvumira kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kwebasa guru rehurumende, kusimbisa kuumbwa kwemari inoshandiswa mune zvemari, kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemari yemari yavo pachavo, uye, zvichiguma, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemari uye mari yebasa. Saka ndeyechokwadi kuti pfungwa yemari haisati yashandiswa pamakadhi eMari yeCentral Bank yeRussia, ayo anozivikanwa nesu, asi kune mari isingabhadhari mari, kusanganisira zvikwereti zvekugadzirisa uye mari kubva kune zvikwereti zvekwereti.

Zvakanaka, nheyo yehurumende yezvemari inofanira kunge iri yemari yake, asi tsika iri munyika yedu inoratidza kuti, kunyanya, chikwereti chikweretwa. Ndokusaka mutengo wemari yakakwereta ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yemabasa ezvemari uye ezvehupfumi zvebasa. Chinangwa chekuwana chigumisiro chekupedzisira chebasa racho.

Nenzira, mari yakakweretwa mari inogamuchirwa kwenguva yakatarwa uye inotarisirwa kubhadharwa nehuwandu hwekufarira kwekushandisa kwavo. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvikwereti kubva kumabhangi uye zvimwe zvikwereti zvekwereti, uyewo kubva kuhurumende, mari yakagamuchirwa kubva pakubudiswa kwezvikwereti zvakakosha zvezvikwereti (zvisungo). Kukurudzirwa kwemari yakakwereta kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, iyo huru iyo inopa mari yehurumende, kukokwe kwezvikwereti zvemari, kubatanidzwa kwemari kuburikidza nekuchengetedza. Mari inogamuchirwa nekutora uye yekuchengetedza zvivako ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kwekutsvaga mari.

Mari yakakweretwa inogona kukokwe mumhando dzinotevera:

- mumari yenyika;

- mune mari yekunze;

- muchimiro chemari (kuburitsa zvigadzirwa nekutaridzirwa kwekubhadharwa);

- Kubhadhara (kushandiswa mumabasa anobudirira ezvigadziriswa izvo zvisiri zvechidzidzo pamutengo wemari);

- mamwe maitiro (kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingaonekwi pane imwe nzvimbo yokubhadhara, nezvimwewo).

Chisarudzo chekushandisa chero ipi zvayo yekukwereta kunoitwa nehuwandu hwebasa pasina humwe, huchibva kune zvakananga zvebasa guru, pamwe nechinangwa chekukwezva.

Kuenderera mberi kubva pane zvataurwa, zvinotevera kuti avo vanokweretesa vezvikwata zvebhizimisi vanogona kunge vari mabhizimusi uye masangano emabhandi enyika, pamwe chete nemamwe masangano anobatanidzwa mukubudiswa kwemari kune vanofarira, vatengi uye vatengesi vemiti, pamwe chete nemusika wekutengesa unoshanda sechipo chekuchengetedza.

Chimwe chinhu chinokosha pakukwereta kwebasa ndechekuti yakakwereta mari, zvisinei kuti yakawanda sei uye nenzira ipi iyo inobatanidzwa nayo, inofanira kugoverwa nehupfumi hwayo. Kunyanya izvi zvinoshanda kune iyo mari iyo inokwezva mumashoko emari. Mari yakakweretwa inogadziriswa inowanikwa nehuwandu hwemvura.

Chimwe chiitiko chinopindirana nechibvumirano chechikwereti chakagadzirwa pakati pemunhu ane chikwereti uye anokwereta. Ichocho ndechokuti zvose zvinosungirwa mubhuku racho zvinongobatsira chete munhu anenge akwereta - kuchengeteka kwezvinhu zvepfuma, kudzoka panguva yakakodzera yezvibereko uye chikwereti chikuru, nezvimwewo. Mukwereti anochengetedza kodzero yekuda kuzadzika kwemashoko ese esangano.

Pasinei nokukanganisa kwose uye matambudziko nekukwevera mari yakakweretwa mumabasa emari, mabhizinesi, kunyanya avo vanobudirira, havazokwanisi kuita kunze kwavo.