Russia muna dzakawanda ukama, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi

Contemporary Russia iri dzakawanda ino anotarisana nematambudziko akawanda. Vanenge vose nhaka Soviet kare. Matambudziko rondedzera achiati ose dzakawanda ukama :. The enyika, zvoupfumi, tsika, etc. Munyaya ino tichaedza kunzwisisa chii chinzvimbo Russia anoita ari mamiriro ano dzomunyika ukama. Ngatitange pamwe mazuva okutanga itsva wehurumende - the Russian Federation.

MARARAMIRO pokuwa USSR

Russia muna hurongwa dzakawanda enyika ukama akatanga kukudziridza mushure Soviet Union akaputsa akakwidzwa yoga akazvimirira chinoda. In kwayo kukuru chiitiko ichi yazova chaiye geopolitical nenjodzi yacho XX remakore. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti makore 80-fung remakore rechimakumi maviri, pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe hachisisina kuteterera kuti ruzhinji reSoviet vemo. Munyika ino zvakaitika ipapa. Saka, muna 60-70-ies. yokupedzisira remakore, sefungu Anti nokukurumidza kutaura munyika yacho Warsaw chibvumirano. Kukanganisa nharo kuti US State Department rave kuriitawo. Soviet uchenjeri uye counterintelligence Zvimwe kuzivikanwa zvose vaishandira West, uye vakakwanisa kudzivirira vagari dzavo, uye vagari batana nyika vari mugovanisi kumisasa yavo Pfungwa simba. Vanhu pachavo vava mwoyo, dzematongerwe nehurumende yeSoviet. Chikonzero chikuru chaiva lag muSoviet Union kubva West pamusoro yakaoma nzvimbo mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira chimurenga, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuvanza. Hazvina kunaka zvakare kuti vagari dzedu 'kutengeswa in casino uye kutsenga chingamu "capitalism, sezvavanoda kuita Patriots, nostalgic nokuda Soviet kare. Zvakaita upenyu vokuEurope, zvechokwadi, yaiva vagari nani zvikuru, "akakunda Fascism."

"Kunonoka-chiito yangu"

Russia muna hurongwa ano dzomunyika ukama kuzonzi idzva pamutemo yaJune 12, 1990. On nhasi, Dare Soviet of RSFSR akadanidzira uchangamire chokuita USSR.

Dambudziko iri kwatiri kuti chaizvoizvo taiva vokutanga kubva munyika, iyo kwenguva refu inounganidzwa madzibaba edu. The USSR yakaumbwa chete 20s remakore rechimakumi maviri. Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga nokuti kuti anenge ose chinoda, dzakanga dziri Soviet Union (kunze Poland uye kuBaltic States uye Finland) vakanga nechomukati vakagadzirira mubatanidzwa mutsva kuti achengetedze tsika uye zvoupfumi noushamwari pakati pavo pashure pokuwa rimwe umambo. Lenin uye Trotsky akaita chikuru geopolitical chikanganiso: vakagovana nyika pamwe mitsetse yenyika, izvo vanotozvikuvadza kwaizounza National chauvinism uye separatism mune ramangwana. Yeuka kuti I. V. Stalin aipikisa mubatanidzwa akadaro, uye President V. V. Putin akadana muitiro uyu "ambofanobata nguva bhambu", iro "akabvarura" pashure pokuwa mugovanisi dzematongerwe mukupera ramakumi remakore.

The political itsva status: Russia - mutsivi kuna USSR

Saka, nyika yedu yakatanga nhoroondo yacho itsva pashure 1990. Kubva panguva iyi unofanira kufunga dingindira "Russia iri ezvinhu dzakawanda ukama." Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, takatarisana nechisarudzo kudiwa geopolitical yokuzvitonga, izvo kunokanganisa Positioning iri geopolitical nzvimbo, pakusarudza civilizational varipo Vector wokumwe mutemo, zvoupfumi muenzaniso uye dzimwe itsva Hurumende -. Russian Federation - akazivisa pacharwo "shamwari" uye "shamwari" of West, Democratic imwe nyika kuti acha "kuremekedzwa uye kubvuma zvose hurumende uye iripo neChikomonisiti" munyika. Zvisinei, hatina kuchengeta tsika uye Soviet zvekare:

1. Positioning pacharo somunhu multiethnic uye yetsika mamiriro. Russia kokutanga munhoroondo yacho, aigona kubuda sorudzi-mamiriro. The chikamu Russian munyika itsva ezvinhu anenge 80%, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo kusvikira 99% of nhamba vagari. Zviri kupfuura zvakaitwa vamwe "chinoda nyika" Soviet Union panguva pokuwa. Vazhinji rumwe rudzi-inoti havagoni kuzvirumbidza zvakadaro chikamu chezvinhu titular rudzi uwandu vagari. Zvisinei, isu nemaune akasiya kuti chinzvimbo sezvo mutero kuna Kesari uye Soviet kare. Hapana tsaona wokutanga President - B. N. Eltsin - akatanga kuteterera kwake zvose kuvanhu nemashoko okuti: "Vanodiwa vokuRussia" - nayo kunosimbisa mamiriro citizenship, pane rudzi rwacho. Nenzira, shoko rokuti "Russian" haana abatwa ari munzanga yedu, achipa nzira kuti "mugari Russia."
2. Kuva zvachose nhengo Security Council yeUnited Nations. Akaenda kunyika nokuti okuRussia pachayo wepamutemo akatsiva USSR.

Zvapedzisira ezvinhu anotipa chinokosha zvireruke mune dzakawanda munhandare. More mashoko ari ichi vachanzwisisa mberi.

The UN Security Council - ive nhumbi kuchinja zvematongerwo enyika dzakawanda

Permanent Nhengo UN Security Council anopa chikonzero kutaura kuti Russia inoremekedzwa nzvimbo kuchengetedza ezvinhu dzakawanda ukama. Muchidimbu nyora zvakanakira chinzvimbo ichi:

1. mumiririri wedu panguva UN anogona kumanikidza "kurambidza" chero UN resolution. Kutaura zvazviri, pasina yedu kubvumirana, chero chikuru dzakawanda chiitiko - hondo, zvirango zvayakatemera dzimwe nyika, nokuumbwa rinoti itsva, etc. -. Ichakurukurwa pamutemo kubva nemaonero mutemo dzakawanda.
2. Russia aigona rinokonzera nyaya zhinji pamusoro wenyaya yacho UN Security Council nevamwe.

Zvinosuruvarisa zhinji dzakawanda pezvakaitwa rwakavapo circumvention UN, izvo zvinopa chikonzero chokudavira kuti matambudziko sangano uye mhosva nayo kwokukundikana kugadzirisa dzakawanda matambudziko enyika. Russia muna dzakawanda ukama havachaoni kuridza chete rinokosha muchinangwa kamwe "rakabatana uye simba 'Union.

Zvinhu zviri simba reRussia muzvinhu zvenyika

Permanent Nhengo UN Security Council - kwete chete Chestkuva simba. Russia muna hurongwa dzakawanda ukama zvinoda mumwe kiyi zvokudya zvinotevera ezvinhu:

1. Territory. nyika yedu ndiyo pakukura munharaunda uye wechinomwe pakukura mamiriro vemo.
2. Location. Russia ane nzvimbo yakanaka geopolitical nzvimbo pakati Eurasia. wagadzira kupfuura zvakanaka upfumi dzaifanoiswa yenzira zvakakodzera mufambiro vemamwe mutemo pakati "Tigers Asian" - China, South Korea, uye Japan - uye Old World.
3. Raw. mugove Russia mune yose reserves: mafuta - 10-12%, simbi - 25%, potashi munyu - 31%, gasi - 30-35%, etc. nyika edu anogona kukanganisa nyika mitengo, kugadzirwa zvemaBhaibheri munyika chicherwa pfuma, etc ...
4. Simba renyukireya zvinogona nhaka Soviet Union uye nevamwe.

Chii nzvimbo Russia muna international ino? All izvi zvinoita unotipa kunzwisisa kuti nyika yedu - nesimba mhiri-kwematunhu simba zana uye ane superpower pose yenyukireya. Anti-Russian zvirango kuWest yaro kumanikidza enyika nyika yedu ndevenguva unconstructive. Kutaura uku hakusi pamutemo nezviremera Russian uye vatungamiriri mikuru munyika dzokuMadokero. Tinovimba kuti mamiriro achakurumidza normalize. Ngatiedzei vatevedzere ramangwana, inobva Geo-enyika yokuzvitonga Russia.

Options ramangwana kukura Russia

zviviri nzira apa kuti kukura nyika yedu:

1. Ichava itsva nzira kukura, izvozvo achazadzisa misoro mazuvaano, izvo zvichaita kuti kufarirwa nevanhu hwechiKomonisiti.
2. Russia richava chinhu pakati destabilization ezvinhu guru zvikamu Eurasia, izvo zvichaita kuti kubvumirwa utongi hwechiKomonisiti.

Wechitatu musimboti haagoni kuva. Isu kana ichishanduka uye akava mazhinji dzakasimukira nyika, kana zvachose oga vamwe nyika. Kusarudza wechipiri inodzokorora njodzi USSR. Zvinosuruvarisa zhinji akazvimirira nezvoupfumi uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanoti tiri kuenda nzira yechipiri uye vava "munda mhirizhonga uye nyonganyonga akatambanudza kumatunhu pedyo." The chinyakare "Soviet" nezvinetso muzvigadzirwa backwardness akawedzera itsva, kare zvisingaoneki: kuti nokuiswa Orthodoxy chauvinism uye urudzi panguva hurumende yakati sandara, iyo kunoratidzwa kuburikidza kuvakwa vanonzi "nyika yeRussia" yacho.

Russia muna hurongwa dzakawanda mamiriro ezveupfumi

We kufamba kure enyika bhora uye zvoupfumi ongorora. Russia muna hurongwa dzakawanda ukama zvemari vakatanga kuva pashure pacho wapinda munyika pamusika wemari. chiitiko ichi, Chokwadi, yaiva yakanaka kukura nokuda dzakawanda zvokutengeserana, asi kwatiri, nekusiyana, rwave inokanganisa. Chikonzero ndechokuti isu havana vagadzirira unopinza yezwi padariro "capitalism yomusango" mushure "gutsaruzhinji ine chiso chomunhu." Gorbachev kuti "perestroika", kunyange nascent kutanga kumusika upfumi, asi unorema chavagari yokutanga yakanga yakanyongana ari ezvinhu matsva. Kutowedzera mamiriro ezvinhu uye "kuvhunduka kurapa" hurumende yedu gutsaruzhinji, iyo vakarova kupfumisa zvavo vomunyika. Nzara uye urombo - zviratidzo of ichikosha yokuchinjira. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kusvikira July-August 1998 zvoupfumi kuGreece. Kuzivisa munhu default, tava chaizvoizvo vashatisa makuru dzimwe vanoita zhinji. Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure pezviitiko izvi, nyika yedu akatanga kukudziridza mumweya capitalist simba.

Nezvinetso kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose kuti Russia

Creation zvoupfumi rusununguko nokuda guru pavanoparidza zvematongerwo voga wenyika yedu pamusoro dzakawanda Danho kunotungamirira kuti dambudziko guru kuti zvoupfumi wenyika nehurumende: ". Guta kutiza" pane Nemamwe mashoko, Entrepreneurs mazhinji havasi kufarira-refu kukura weRussia. Chinangwa chavo - kuti nokukurumidza kuita mhanza, uuye vose purofiti dzimwe mabhanga. Saka, mashoko water drainage kuti guta muna 2008 yaiva $ 133,9 bhiriyoni, muna 2009 - .. US $ 56,9 bhiriyoni, muna 2010 -. To $ 33.6 billion, uye zvichingodaro Anti-Russian zvirango yokumwe uye nechomukati "Achitsaudzira .. nzungu "chete kwakawedzera azvaiitwa.

Magumo anogona mwoyo: yezwi pamusika upfumi muRussia rakava chose maturo. Chete yakakwirira mutengo Mahydrocarbon pakutanga pamusoro XXI remakore uye akasika fungidziro yokubudirira. Zvose yakaguma apo mitengo yavo zvakare vakawira yapfuura nhanho. Nezvoupfumi vanoti zvimwe anosimudza izvi hazvina kukodzera vakamirira chokuita kukura kungaitwa pane simba zvinyorwa.

isu Gare gare munyaya vanoyeuka nhoroondo shoma uye tarisa azvaiitwa akasiyana munhoroondo nguva.

Russia muna XVII remakore

Russia iri dzakawanda hurongwa rechi17 akatungamirira chinoshingaira wokumwe negwaro. Its chinangwa - kuti "kunhonga" nyika yekare Russian vakanga ceded kuPoland. Muna 1569, ivo Union of Lublin akanga yakasainwa, maererano iyo Poland uye Duchy pamusoro Lithuania vakabatana itsva ezvinhu - Rzeczpospolita. Orthodox Ukrainian uye Belarusian nevanhu munyika itsva wehurumende akanga pasi rimwe udzvinyiriri katatu national, zvechitendero uye feudal. Somugumisiro, zvakanzi kudirwa hombe Cossack uye murimi mudiki nokumukira. Mushure kupfuura kwavari - achitungamirirwa Bogdan Khmelnitsky - Russia anopinda hondo Poland.

January 8, mugore ra1654 muguta Pereyaslavl vakabata Council (Parliament), iro chisarudzo pamusoro reunification rweUkraine uye Russia. Pashure paizvozvo, vose XVII remakore, nyika yedu akadzivirira kodzero munzvimbo idzi panguva dzose hondo Poland, muCrimea, hweOttoman Empire uye kunyange Sweden. Chete panguva pakuguma XVII remakore, nyika idzi vakaona yose rworuboshwe ruri Kiev uye Ukraine ari mugari Russia, kusaina akawanda runyararo zvibvumirano.

Russia muna dzakawanda ukama: remakore rechi18

Muzana XVIII remakore, Russia rava simba European mamiriro. Zvinonzi kwakabatana mazita "mutongi mukuru": Peter I Mukuru, Elizabeth I Mukuru uye Catherine II Guru. Russia muna XVIII remakore, kubudirira zvinotevera results:

1. Iye kuwana Black uye reBaltic makungwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi vazhinji kurwisana kwemauto pamwe muSweden uye Turkey.
2. Nokukurumidza tifambirane yakatanga kukura yayo indasitiri, paiva kurambirwa chairehwa pakugadzira zvinhu, vazhinji maindasitiri zvinhu uye nezvombo.
3. Russia akava kupfuura ekisipota zvezviyo.
4. nyika yedu iri pakupedzisira yakatora nyika yose Rus. Izvi zvakava zvinogoneka mushure partition (kwaiva wandei) ari Commonwealth.

Hadzisi kuzadzika zvinangwa dzimwe mutemo pamusoro XVIII remakore

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti urongwa nevatongi yedu XVIII remakore vakanga chikuru:

1. Kutanga chete European Orthodox hurumende kuti zvaizoitika zvinosanganisira marudzi ose Orthodox of Europe.
2. Access kuGungwa reMediterranean. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti andobata vaviri Turkish pakamanikana - the Bosporus uye Dardanelles.
3. Russia yakanga yava tsika muzinda yose, uyewo vaitungamirira pakati pose autocracy. Ndokusaka nyika yedu maiva ose "youmambo vanhu" kuFrance mushure kuparadzwa panguva French Revolution uye vakaisa "basa achirangira upstart" - Napoleon Bonaparte.

Russia muna XIX remakore

Russia iri dzakawanda ino remakore rechi19 chaibatanidzwa dzinotsanagura pose maindasitiri kusangana. Kusvikira pakati remakore, isu uchiri Rumhangapanga. Takavakunda Napoleon, rai "gendarme muEurope" uye rubatso kuchengeteka munyika. Zvisinei, nyika huru European vakatowana abuda maindasitiri capitalist mumugwagwa. Russia lags shure kwavo akatowedzera kuoneka pamwe roga gore. Pakupedzisira, zvakava pachena pashure Crimean yeHondo 1853-1856. In iyo masoja edu vachiparadzwa kubva kure dzichapambwa pfuti European, kumberi pfuti, uye gungwa chaienda yedu Newest rengarava rakaparadzwa steamers.

Pashure pezviitiko izvi, Russia anoramba achishingaira yokumwe mutemo uye kunozarura magonhi aro dzomunyika wokumwe guru.