United Nations: Gwaro. United Nations Day

United Nations - mumwe zvikuru masangano dzakawanda. The Kugadzirisa vazhinji dzakakosha, tichiratidza enyika uye zvoupfumi munyika yose pezvakaitwa zvichiitika pachiyero UN zvivako.

The nemamiriro United Nations inosanganisira anenge zvose mambo inoti zvenyika. On the nedzenyu vanochiva pane kunyange United Nations Day. Sezvo mamiriro ichi chakaumbwa? Iyo nyika akatanga kusikwa United Nations? Imhandoi mabasa akasikwa kugadzirisa sangano iri rine nhoroondo uye chii mirayiridzo inoshanda ikozvino?

UN: mukuru ruzivo

United Nations - rimwe remasangano masangano dzakawanda, ane chikuru chinangwa - kwerunyararo rugare nokuchengeteka panguva munyika yose uyewo inoita kuti pave pamwe pakati penyika mbiri. Chinokosha gwaro, iyo inoratidza nhungamiro UN - Charter. Rinotaura, Inter Alia, kuti United Nations chinangwa - ndiko kudzivirira kutyisidzira rugare, uyewo avo zvinogadzirisa, kuti Implementation hondo chisarudzo achishandisa rugare, nzira, kukurudzira kuvandudzwa noushamwari pakati vanhu venyika, pachishandiswa zvakaenzana kodzero yokuzvitonga marudzi. Uyewo, kuti Charter rinoti kuti United Nations anoedza kuva pamwe pakati penyika mbiri zvoupfumi, zvemagariro zvinhu, tsika uye unhu mabhora.

The UN yaisanganisira munyika 193. The Kuronga UN anogona chete kusanganisira avo nyika akaziva dzakawanda nedzenyu chechetere. Kana chokuratidza ichi kunozadziswa kana nyika rinorondedzerwa so hurongwa dzeUN "rugare-rudo", akagadzirira kufunga nokubatira ari Charter uye anokwanisa kuzadzisa kwavari, ipapo musuo musangano yakazarukira payo. The kubvuma nyika itsva weUN General Assembly rinoitwa pasi Security Council kubatanidzwa. Panyaya iyi, mishanu inoti, zviri kuramba zviri Security Council, zvinogona kurambidza Mutongo Assembly uri kuitwa United Nations itsva wehurumende.

Ona kuti mamiriro anogona kunge mamiriro kwete chete nhengo UN, asiwo mucherechedzi. Kazhinji, rinenge pakurukurwa unozotevera kupinda munyika kupinda Organization. Mamiriro mucherechedzi mamiriro anogamuchira chokwadi munhu kuvhota ari General Assembly. Nokuti kufarirwa chisarudzo kunoda vazhinji mavhoti. The peculiarity dzeUN mucherechedzi kwemaonerwo kuti vanogona kuva asiri kuzivikanwa mamiriro. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti avo vari simba vainyatsokodzera changamire kwenguva yakati - Austria, Finland, Japan. Zvadaro, yavakawana mamiriro azere nhengo UN.

The General Assembly yeUnited Nations anoshumira vaitungamirira Advisory muviri. Zvinonzi kuumbwa kuti vamiririri nhengo kunyika UN. Mumwe State ane kodzero yakaenzana kuvhota. Chimwe chinokosha muviri UN - the Security Council. The kukwanisa maumbirwo ichi - mutoro nyika yose ndege. UN Security classifies kutyisidzira zvisaitike siyana dzenyika sezvinobvira neizvi yaiparadza. The nzira inokosha Security Council - mumusha macho yokurwisana achishandisa murunyararo, kugadzira mazano akakodzera kumativi ayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, UN Security Council iri simba bvumidza kushandisa rehondo rokudzorera hurongwa. The Security Council achiumbwa munyika 15. Vashanu vavo - zvachose (Russia, France, China, Britain neUnited States). Vamwe akagadzwa General Assembly kwemakore maviri.

The sangano inopiwa mumwe muviri - United Nations Secretariat. Zvinonzi rinotungamirirwa munhu akagara pambiru Secretary General. Vaida chinzvimbo ichi anoisa Security Council. UN Secretary-General aizogadza General Assembly.

UN pamutemo mitauro mitanhatu -. Izvi nguva rakava Russian. Pakati pezvimwe - rakajairika munyika Chirungu, Chinese, Arabic, uye Spanish uye French. Nezveshoko kushandiswa hunobatsira mitauro yepamutemo - ndivo magwaro anokosha nekanzuru Organization echisarudzo chacho. Uyewo kuMudzidzisi tumitauro rakabudiswa mishumo, manotsi. Kutaura akaita pamisangano vari kushandurirwa mumitauro yepamutemo.

The United Nations Hurongwa zvinosanganisira wandei huripo tisingatungamirirwi zvivako. Pakati pakukura - UNESCO, IAEA.

dzimbahwe rayo riri mu New York.

Funga kuti mashandiro kiyi UN masangano zvizere.

General Assembly

Sezvatakamboreva pamusoro, muviri ichi - a chinhu chinokosha munzvimbo deliberative, policymaking uye mumiririri United Nations. The General Assembly anoumba zvinodiwa zvinokosha dzakawanda pamwe panyaya rugare, rinoronga kubatana pakati inoti munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Masimba simba nezvaro neUN Charter. The General Assembly rinoshanda muzvirongwa - dzose, inokosha kana zvaipa.

Sezvo chikamu chikuru deliberative reDare United Nations - mamwe makomiti. The kugona nechimwe - rakamanikana zvakawanda nyaya. Somuenzaniso, kune zvombo uye International Security Committee. Kune muviri zvakakodzera, pakubata nezvinetso dzemagariro uye unhu nyaya. Pane komiti ane utongi - pamutemo nyaya. Pane hurongwa kuti vane basa nemvumo cheki, mushonga enyika, administrative uye budgetary nyaya. Uyewo mabasa ose General Committee. Hazvina basa zvoMutemo Assembly, sezvo wenyaya mukuru zvinhu chokuita sangano muchikurukura. Inoitwa vakuru vanoverengeka. Pakati pavo - musoro General Assembly, navabati vake, vakuru vedzimba mamwe makomiti.

The UN General Assembly, sezvatakagamuchira akati, ndiko kushanda mukati yechinangwa dzinokosha muzvirongwa. Vangave paKokorodzano pahwaro Security Council varayirwa. Theme Zvirongwa zvingava zvakasiyana - Somuenzaniso, vachirondedzera kune dzevanhu. Sezvatakamboreva kumusoro, paumbwe United Nations Organization akanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa kudiwa dzakawanda kudzora matambudziko munzvimbo iyi.

Security Council

UN Security Council - nemamiriro, iri chaiyo kugona ndiyo nhau chokuita kwerunyararo nerugare uye kuchengeteka. Hatina dzatoona kuti United Nations Organization akatongerwa zvikuru nechinangwa kugadzirisa zvinetso chete kwakadaro profile. The Security Council, sezvatakagamuchira akati apa, inoumbwa 5 inoti nguva dzose, ivo vakapiwa kodzero kurambidza. Imhandoi nzira? Inokosha pano kwakafanana kuti yeparamende kurambidza.

Kana zvakaitwa UN Security Council chisarudzo haisi kuzowanikwawo States kuti ndeyezvokwadi nhengo dzomuviri, vanogona kumisa yaro yokupedzisira sevanakomana. Interesting chokwadi: mugari wenyika mukati Security Council nguva dzose, hazvigoni kusarudzwa kuti weUN General.

The UN Secretariat

This United Nations mamiriro akagadzirirwa kuita kunyanya administrative mabasa ari rutivi Implementation of vakagamuchirwa mapurogiramu. Zvikurukuru ibasa chokuita racho magwaro zvisarudzo uye dzimwe sarudzo, kupinda mashoko ari mafaira, kunyoresa zvibvumirano dzakawanda, uye zvichingodaro. D. The Secretariat ane zvuru 44 nyanzvi kushanda munyika dzakasiyana. Chikuru hurongwa muviri vari kushanda New York, Nairobi, uyewo mumaguta European - Geneva uye Vienna.

International Court of Justice

Pane mamiriro UN uyewo dare. Zvinofungirwa kuti vatongi vanoumba izvozvo, kushanda vakazvimiririra panyaya zvinodiwa rinoti, inomiririra. Uyezve, basa UN anofanira chete nyanzvi avo basa. In yose, kuMudzidzisi masangano UN kupa vatongi 15. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane chaiye kutapata mhando, uye zvinogonawo kuva dzinoverengeka nedzenyu neropafadzo. Mapato nenharo kuti kugadziriswa muUN Court, anogona chete kuva hurumende. Vagari uye zviri pamutemo masangano haagoni kuva mukwiriri kana mukwirirwi.

UN Council

The UN Chimiro aripo ane mazano mashoma - zvoupfumi uye munzanga, uyewo musoro kuitarisira nyaya (zvazvo kushanda chete kusvikira November 1, 1994, pashure pacho akanga ambomiswa). Council First arikutaura matambudziko chokuita socio-upfumi pamwe pakati inoti. Anoumba 6 makomisheni ndokumisa uri nenzvimbo hwaro. Kureva, Somuenzaniso, pane Economic Commission kuEurope, zviri ndiye anoshanda muAfrica kana West Asia.

masangano

The UN Charter kunoda kuti achitungamirira miviri kunogona kuumba rutsigiro mamiriro. Somuenzaniso, akaonekwa nevamwe vanoverengeka UN masangano. Zvezvisarudzo wakakurumbira - the IAEA, World Health Organization, UNICEF, UNESCO, UN Food Organization.

History of UN

An dzinonakidza chinoumba UN kudzidza - nhoroondo. The United Nations yakanga pamutemo yakasimbiswa musi October 24, 1945. Pakazosvika zuva ruzhinji rinoti kuti asaina UN Charter, chagamuchirwa gwaro. Zvisinei, United Nations pfungwa, maererano vamwe vanyori venhau, akatanga kugadzirwa mumakore Hondo Yenyika II. Zvikurukuru, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti muna January 1942, nhengo inoti ari bloc, achirwa nevaNazi, kunge akasaina gwaro, iyo yainzi Declaration of United Nations. In kuwa 1944 mu "Dumbarton Oaks" - iri Washington Mansion - musangano wakaitwa pamwe chikamu iri USSR, USA, Great Britain uye China. Rinotaura tsanangura sei kuva dzakawanda ukama mushure Second World War, uye ipapo, sezvo inokosha marongerwo yokudzora muitiro uyu vangatarira akafanana.

Muna February 1945, iye akapfuura yakakurumbira Yalta Conference. Iye vakuru yokutungamirira batana nyika ndozvadziri kusika chivakwa pasi pose, chikuru chinangwa chiri kwerunyararo nerugare. Muna April wegore iroro muSan Francisco, musangano wakaitwa pamwe kutora chikamu kunyika 50 kuti kukudziridza United Nations Charter. Uwandu vechikamu oda 3.5 zviuru. People, uye vanopfuura 2500 venhau, documentarians uye vacherechedzi. Muna June 1945, United Nations Charter rakazoshandiswa uye nokukurumidza chasainwa vamiririri 50 States. Pamusaka gwaro iri rakasvika, sezvatakagamuchira akati apa, 24 October 1945. Zviri United Nations Day rinopembererwa musi yepamutemo chechetere.

Pane shanduro kuti United Nations - sangano razova wepamutemo mutsivi romumwe yemarudzi nemamiriro - chaMarudzi, icho raishanda kusvikira Second World War. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda, basa sangano idzva yava zvikuru munyika yose, vose vari yokungotaura pfungwa vakaisa pasi muna Charter, uye kuumbwa mukufamba tsika.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti, pakutanga, kuti UN kodzero dzinozvitonga inoti chaizvoizvo zvaisanganisira maviri dzaichimbova USSR pamusoro Dzevana Union - Belarusian uye Ukrainian Soviet Union. Inosanganisirawo sangano pamutemo novimba Britain, India, Philippines, pasi protectorate muUnited States.

UN bhajeti

Mari weUnited Nations mabasa rinoitwa bhajeti iri sangano. In kwayo inotungamirwa kwacho kunosanganisira rinoti nezvose neUN. The bhajeti zvinganaka mukuru munyori pamusoro Kufambisa pamwe nomazvo miviri Organization. Zvadaro, runoenzanirana gwaro iri aongororwa Advisory Committee nemamwe masangano ari UN. Pamusoro kurumbidza kwacho pakati vaongorori tinotungamirirwa, uyewo, kuti bhajeti komiti. Mushure - in General Assembly kuti yokupedzisira yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita uye kufarirwa.

The bhajeti dzeUN chakaumbwa nhengo yechikoro nhengo rinoti dzesangano. Huru yokuona pano - upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika iri kunyanya akatsunga pahwaro kukura GDP, uyewo zvinoverengeka kugadziriswa kufungawo mari yevanhu, uye chikwereti chenyika. States kuti pari inobatsira kuti UN bhajeti kupfuura mari - the US, Japan, Germany. The pamusoro kunyika 10 uye Russia kunosanganisirawo kupfuura nhengo mari.

UN kuzivisa uye kokorodzano

Pakati zvinyorwa vakaparadzira neUnited Nations rinobudisa nguva yaro akavhiyiwa - kuzivisa uye kokorodzano. Chii specificity yavo? Chokutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, kusiyana Charter, zvinyorwa izvi regai hake hurumende kuzozadzisa zvokudya imomo. The United Nations Convention, uyewo chinoziviswa - zviri kunyanya Advisory, senyanzvi tenda, tsime. Zvisinei, nyika inogona tsigira chibvumirano, chiziviso kana gungano iri senyika. The magwaro inozivikanwa kwazvo dzeUN nyanzvi funga akadai Somuenzaniso, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (wokurera muna 1948), kuti Kyoto Protocol (1997), iro Convention on Rights of Child (1989).

Mabasa yeUnited Nations

Ndeipi hunoshanda basa United Nations mu kwemasayendisiti kuitika panyika? Pakati anokosha munzvimbo - anochengetedza runyararo. Inogona kutaurwa zvinotevera Activity:

- kudzidza yokurwisana zviitiko, kumharuro akurukure vanobatanidzwa vacho;

- ongororo maitiro zvibvumirano, varwere munhu zvipere-moto;

- mabasa chokuita kwerunyararo kurongeka, zvaidiwa nemitemo mutemo;

- rubatsiro ruyamuro;

- Monitoring hondo ezvinhu.

Pakati zvinobvira UN midziyo iyi - nomufambiro anochengetedza runyararo kwacho. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti hapana mashoko akadaro ari United Nations Charter. The United Nations ungamubatsira ari runoenzanirana mashandiro pachishandiswa zvinangwa zvayo uye nenheyo. Zvisinei, chinoshanda nzira kuti kunetsana chisarudzo - mu UN Security Council. mamiriro Izvi afunga sei kuronga rugare iyi uye sei kuongorora Implementation zvisarudzo aita.

Imwe nzvimbo inokosha yebasa weUnited Nations - kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu dzevanhu. Sezvataona pamusoro apa, United Nations muna 1948, yakabudiswa nokunzi kufanana. Pashure kukura gwaro rino, weUN General Assembly rakarumbidza kuti nhengo inoti ari sangano, kusimudzira kufambiswa chikuru urongwa of Declaration, pfungwa yakapiwa chinyorwa kuMudzidzisi mashoko muzvikoro.

The United Nations iri kushanda rubatsiro ruyamuro. Chikonzero zviitiko iyi mhando angava dzinongoitika dzoga, kurwisana kwemauto, nematambudziko. Help inogona akapa zvose tichitarisa nerubatsiro zvinodiwa, uyewo mukusimudzira upfumi kupora, utano, dzidzo.