Chii rusaruraganda?

Rusaruraganda - chine dzidziso, izvo kwakavakirwa pfungwa kusaruramisira vemarudzi, akakwirira mumwe pamusoro mamwe madzinza. Shoko rokuti "rusaruraganda" kutanga akazviratidza muna 1932.

Chii rusaruro?

Kusarurwa - varambidzwe kudya kana yezve kodzero (zvakanakira) zvimwe munzanga kana madzinza kwakavakirwa pabonde, dzinza maitiro, zvematongerwo enyika kana zvitendero. Kusarurwa kungazviratidza dzose dzine vanhu. Somuenzaniso, mune zvemagariro bhora zvinotora muchimiro vakaomerwa kuwana dzidzo kana zvinobatsira.

Nhasi, rusaruro (dzinza, pabonde, zvitendero) kunoshorwa dzakawanda. Yezve kodzero uye rusununguko pane chero chikonzero zvinopesana ano ezvinhu tsika.

The kwaita rusaruraganda

The kwaita rusaruraganda kunoreva nguva yokutanga European kuonana nevamwe kwenzanga t. E. Kuna Chizvarwa Discovery. Panguva iyi, kuti kupembedza miganhu nezvipusha, kunowanzoguma kuparadzwa zvemo vanhu, akakurukura wokutanga dzidziso yacho wenhando zvimwe madzinza. White rusaruraganda akazviratidza muna European dzaidzorwa kuAmerica, Africa uye Asia.

Muna 1855 akabudisa bhuku nomunyori wenhau French Zhozefa De Gobineau yaiti "rondedzero pamusoro kusaruramisira vemarudzi hwevanhu." Munyori akaisa mberi kunyora nhoroondo matambudziko ari marudzi Zvinoumba mamwe mapoka kukura munzanga izvi uye avo civilizational kubudirira. Zhozef De Gobineau vaiona muvambi nordism (mhando dzerusarura kwakavakirwa rudzi, dzidziso ukuru Nordic rudzi pamusoro mumwe). In basa rake dzakaitika yave kuzivikanwa zvikuru zvitatu marudzi: chena, tsvuku uye dema. mukuru wekutanga uye mumwe ari mumuviri nomupfungwa unongotaura. Nzvimbo huru pakati "pevanhu chena" kutora Aryans. Panguva pakati padariro kwemarudzi akanyatsorongwa, maererano Gobineau, vari "yeyero", uye nechepasi inogarwa "mutema".

Anoedza kwesayenzi zvikapa kururamisirwa rusaruraganda

Pashure Zhozefa De Gobineau kwakaita musaruraganda dzidziso yakazokudziridzwa nemasayendisiti akawanda. Heano chikuru kwawakabva kukura pfungwa rusaruraganda:

• Georges haulla Lyapuzh Your - French musaruraganda dzematongerwe, uye evanhu. Ndaisa mberi chinyorwa kuti cranial indekisi (cephalad indekisi) Nde chinhu chinobata nzvimbo yomunhu munzanga. Panyaya iyi European Lyapuzh rakakamurwa 3 mapoka:-refu takananga chiedza zvisvundu (simba yakasiyana uye noungwaru) brachycephalic rima bvudzi (malogenialnaya race),-refu ndokunanga rima bvudzi.
• Gustave Le Bon - nyanzvi French uye munyori "Psychology dzavanhu uye vakawanda." Akatenda kuti kusaruramisira uye kusarurwa kwemarudzi chikonzero - ane chinangwa kwadzinoita nezvokuvapo kwenzanga.
• Houston Stewart Chamberlain - German nyanzvi. Ndaisa mberi pfungwa ukuru German rudzi. Aitambisa kwerunyararo uye Kuchengetedzwa "wakachena marudzi." Mubhuku "kunyatsogona ari XIX remakore" akati kuti Aryans vari vatakuri yebudiriro, apo vaJudha kuiparadza.

Rusaruraganda muUnited States: negros kana vatema?

Rusaruraganda muUnited States yakatanga kusvika kuvambwa mamiriro. The American maIndia vaionekwa muduku (zvizvarwa vanhu) uye negros. Kodzero vakanga chete "vanhu chena." varanda dema First vakauyiswa Chirungu colonists kundima yacho pakutanga XVII remakore. Muranda basa kubva Africa iri zvinowanzoshandiswa miti zvekutepfenyura, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States.

Pamutemo, kubviswa rusaruraganda muUnited States rakatanga 1808. Gore rino, hurumende Congress akarambidza zvichiita kunyika vashandi vatsva dema. Muna 1863, uranda hwakanga pamutemo kuregwa. chiitiko ichi zvakanyorwa muna 1865 mune rechi13 Amendment kusvika US Constitution.

Pasinei kurambidzwa kwouranda, munguva pfupi iri, kwakapararira rusaruraganda - mufananidzo rusaruraganda, muitiro vakaomerwa nhema vokuparidzira mhenyu vakaparadzana mundima kana pamurume navo chaizvo masangano (semuenzaniso, zvikoro). Pamutemo, izvozvo yave iripo kubvira 1865.

Rinokosha mberi kuchaitwa rusaruraganda muUnited States kwakanga kwave chete pakati XX remakore. Ange yakabatana zvinoverengeka mitemo mitsva kuti equalize kodzero vokuAmerica, maIndia uye vatema.

Basa Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan - masangano zvakanaka, izvo rakamuka US muna 1865. Kusarurwa (kwemarudzi) dema uye kuparadzwa muviri chinangwa chawo chikuru. Hwaro Pfungwa dzidziso Ku Klux Klan aiva nepfungwa ukuru chena rudzi pamusoro pevamwe.

Zvishomanana zvinonakidza zvinhu kubva munhoroondo yesangano:

• Ku Klux Klan vatatu ruzivo rumutsiriro. Muna 1871, sangano rakanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa kokutanga. Pashure rumutsiriro pakutanga XX remakore, Ku Klux Klan richaguma kuvapo panguva Second World War. The itsva vavakezve sangano rinotaura kuma1970.
• Zvokufananidzira zvokupfeka inopfekwa nhengo KKK vaitova inotyisa. Ivo raiva rakafara yejasi, heti refu pointy nezvifukidziro.
• Nhasi, ari Ku Klux Klan haasi mumwe sangano. Individual nzvimbo mabasa ayo kuripo munyika dzakasiyana.

Rusaruraganda muEurope: nordism uye kwemarudzi utsanana

Nordism - rusaruro (rudzi), izvo kwazopararira muEurope muna XX remakore, kunyanya muNazi Germany. Zvinonzi uchifungidzira kuti ukuru Nordic (Aryan) rudzi pamusoro pevamwe. Nordism havaoni dzaro chikuru ideologues vaiona French evanhu Zhozef De Gobineau uye Georges of Your Lyapuzh.

Rusaruraganda uye xenophobia mune mitemo yeNazi Germany zvaibva anonzi kwemarudzi utsanana. Pfungwa iyi wakatangwa muna yesayenzi pakuru, Alfred Ploetz. Rassenschande akanzi pamusoro oukuru marudzi - vaJudha. Uyezve, akazivisa vaduku uye mamwe marudzi: French, vechiGypsy uye Slavs. In Nazi Germany, vaJudha vakanga pakutanga risingabatanidzwi zvoupfumi uye enyika upenyu mamiriro. Zvisinei, kare muna 1938 hunotanga kuparadzwa oukuru rudzi chaiko. rakatangwa ndipo "Crystal Night" - mumwe pogrom kuitwa yose Germany, Austria pamwe nezvombo SA dzakabatana.

chinorwisa rusaruraganda

Nhasi, hondo rusaruraganda ndiyo vavariro zvose democratic inoti. Limitation kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko zvinopesana netsika munzanga ano. Munguva kubva 1951 kusvika 1995, masangano omunyika dzakawanda, imwe nhamba magwaro, mhosva uye unorambidza rusarura chero chikonzero (rudzi, munhui kana chitendero). The nechinzvimbo pamusoro inadmissibility ari yezve rusununguko aripo muEuropean Convention on Human Rights. In dzakawanda ano nyika iri International Day Against rusaruraganda (March 21) akabata vakawanda Misangano mikuru uye kutaura.