Reich - a ... Third Reich munhoroondo (zvishoma)

Third Reich - ane zita kurongwa muGermany muna nenguva nguva kubva muchirimo 1933 May 1945. Pasinei upenyu hwakadaro pfupi, airidza basa rinokosha munhau remakore rapfuura, vachisiya vazhinji vachiri regai kugadzirisa chakavanzika. Ngatiedzei zvishoma kurondedzera anokosha nzendo zvichaitirwa ehurumende panguva iyoyo. Ichokwadi, vanofanira kutanga kubva nguva apo Hitler kutonga, kuyeuka chii pfungwa akunda mwoyo zhinji vokuGermany uye chepfu mundangariro dzavo. Asi hondo - hachisi chinhu bedzi anokudzwa enyika. Under bapiro ake, akaunganidza masayendisiti akawanda kunoshamisa uye akavapa mukana kushanda uye wekuvamba. Izvi mhinduro akabvumira Germany kuti Wekumusoro hunoshamisa zvekushandisa mano, nemhaka iyo nyika vakakurumidza akapora kubva pakuparadzwa inotyisa.

Origin of zita

Drittes Reich mutsara rinoshandurwa kubva rinoreva German "Third Reich." Zvinofadza kuti tsanangudzo iyi akashandurirwa Russian nenzira dzakasiyana. Shoko rokuti "Reich" rinogona sokureva "nehurumende" uye "umambo", asi ndiye pedyo kwakadaro pfungwa se "simba". Asi kunyange mutauro wokuGermany, anogona kuva rakavanzika pfungwa. Maererano naye, Reich - a "umambo". Muvambi pfungwa iyi yaiva mutungamiri German Arthur Moeller Van Den Bruck.

First uye Second Reich

The Third Reich ... The izwi rakajairika kune anenge ose munhu. Asi vashoma vanogona kutsanangura nei hurumende inonzi nzira. Sei retatu? Chokwadi chokuti Van Den Broek kunzwisiswa neshoko indivisible rudzi, iro akanambwa mahombekombe panopinda yose vanhu German. Maererano pfungwa dzake Reich First - a Roman Empire yeGermany.

Upenyu hwake hwakatanga muna 962, uye yakakanganiswa muna 1806 pamusana kukurirwa, izvo zvakakonzera kwake Napoleon. Second Reich akadana German Empire, akasikwa 1871, panguva apo mitemo William I. nhoroondo Its yakaguma mushure 1918 chimurenga. Izvi anonzi Kaiser kuti Germany. Asi Third Reich, maererano Van Den Bruka, kuva simba mutsivi of neWeimar Republic, uye aifanira kuva akavimbika zvakakwana. Nechekare pfungwa zvakatora Adolf Hitler. Saka, nhoroondo Germany, muna pfupi, chete huchikanganiswa tevererana Reich.

Nhoroondo Pfupi

Pakupera 20 - mangwanani 30-ies. munyika yose upfumi pasi pokutonga yose dambudziko anenge zvirema kusanganisira Germany. With ichi uye akabatanidza kutanga muna 1934, njodzi Third Reich. In mamiriro chaizvo zvinowedzerwa ezvinhu enyika. Panguva iyoyo chakatowedzera kukosha National Workers Socialist 'Party. Panguva July 1932 musarudzo, izvozvo akawana 37% mavhoti. Asi, kunyange zvazvo rakapfuura mumwe webato, asi izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuti vaumbe hurumende.

Zvinotevera sarudzo Zvakaguma kunyange zvishoma (32%). gore zvose izvi President Hindenburg akakurudzira Hitler kuva nhengo hurumende, akamukumbira kuti isa mutevedzeri chanzera. Zvisinei, akanga achida chete nezvenzvimbo chanzera. inotevera chando Hindenburg chete kukundwa izvi zvinhu. Uye musi waJanuary 30, Adolf Hitler akagadzwa chanzera.

Atova February, akarambidza Communist Party uye ayo vatungamiriri pamusoro kutambudzwa yakaoma yakatanga, iyo pasi zvinenge hafu nhengo dzayo.

Pakarepo ichiputswa ari Reichstag, uye achipfuura ari March musarudzo dzakakundwa NDSAP. Hurumende richangobva kugadzwa yatova pamusangano wokutanga, musi March 23 mvumo simba zvinoshamisa kodzero yaHitler.

Muna July, hazvina rakarambidzwa zvose huripo mapato kunze Nazi. Uyewo ichiputswa basa mibatanidzwa, uye pachinzvimbo vakaumba German Labor Front. 1938 kwakaratidza kutanga kusungwa uye kuparadzwa vaJudha.

kukurumbira yaHitler rakakura zvishoma nezvishoma. A akakurumbira muchinangwa izvi reDare anoparadzirwa: Kaiser kwakaita Germany uye simba neWeimar Republic kwakarambidzwa uye achiri ndokurangarira kukundwa vari World War First. Uyewo, Führer kwakakonzerwa kukura vakawanda kuguma Kuderera Kukuru uye kuoneka zvoupfumi. Zvikurukuru chaikoshawo ndechokuti panguva iyi nyika akatora achitungamirira kubereka nesimbi zvakadai aruminiyamu uye simbi.

Muna 1938, Austria akabatana Reich, uye pashure pawo 1939 - uye Czechoslovakia. Gore rakatevera, musoro Soviet Union uye Germany dzakasainirana chibvumirano chokusarwisana.

Hondo Yenyika II uye Third Reich

Muna September 1939, Reich mauto akapinda Poland. France neBritain mukupindura, kurwa neGermany. Mumakore matatu akatevera ari Reich akakunda nyika dzokuEurope. Muna June 1941, Germany yakarwisa Soviet Union, vakatora vamwe munyika yake.

Muzvinhu yakakunda iiswe tisaita nzira. Izvi kuteerera chidzoke hwemapoka remagandanga.

Muna July 1944, mumwe akaedza kubvuta masimba (rakabhuroka) uye akatadza kuedza upenyu yaHitler chakaitwa. In mamiriro akaronga mapoka emagandanga clandestine.

May 7, 1945 dzakasaina chiito isiyo Kuregwa Germany. May 9 raiva zuva kuguma ruvengo. Uye May 23 akasungwa nehurumende Third Reich.

State uye miganhu nemamiriro Third Reich

Musoro umambo yaiva chanzera. Varikutonga simba rakanga kusimbiswa mumaoko ehurumende. Paramende raiva Imperial Diet, izvo kusarudzwa nevanhu. Mukati Germany nayo aibvumirwa kushandisa chete National Workers Socialist 'Party.

The Third Reich yakakamurwa kunyika gumi munyika uye maguta maviri.

Countries zvaisanganisira rehurumende pamusana kuwedzera, uye vaya vaigara zvikurukuru dzinza vokuGermany, dzakaisirwa mariri sezvo Imperial Circle. Vakadaidzwa "reyhsgau". Saka, Austria yakakamurwa dzikava nomwe masangano akadaro.

On dzasara vakatora nyika sangano Reichskommisariat. A dzinokwana shanu masangano akadaro ndakasika, zvakawanda mana akaronga chimiro.

Zviratidzo of Third Reich

Zvichida anozivikanwa uye yaizivikanwa chiratidzo zvinoratidza Third Reich - angwarire ine swastika, izvo zvichiri akarambidza munyika dzakawanda. Zviya, akanga vanoratidzwa zvinenge zvose ehurumende unhu. Zvinofadza kuti chombo of Reich, kunyanya kutonhora, akasikwa kufungisisa unhu yunifomu zviratidzo zvenyika. Chimwe chizenga ndiyo simbi muchinjikwa kwakamuka kumugumo. The nguvo maoko pachake nomufananidzo Black Eagle, ari nenzara chakanga womuoki korona ane swastika.

"Rwiyo vokuGermany"

Hymn of Third Reich - nayo wakasika anenge zana remakore pamberi pakutanga yaHitler "Rwiyo vokuGermany." Munyori acho akanga Hoffmann of Fallersleben. Kusarira akanyora Yozef Gaydn. Hymn of Third Reich zvino mukuru Zvinoumba yakabatana Germany. Sezvineiwo, "Rwiyo vokuGermany" mumazuva edu haakonzeri neshamwari simba akadaro asina kunaka, yakadai swastika. Zvisinei, izvi hairevi muchiuto anofamba ari Third Reich.

Zvisinei, vamwe vavo. Somuenzaniso, murwiyo zvakanyorwa Horst Wessel, aiva kufora kurwisa mauto uye rumbo mubato. Mazuva ano, zvinoita anorambidzwa nemutadzi mitemo yose Germany uye Austria.