Nhoroondo yebhuku, rokutanga matanho ari kudhindwa

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvigadzirwa vanhu, vachibvumira kuti aponese uye awedzere uchenjeri hwake, aiva mubhuku. Rakava korona huru kunyora, muzinda uye chiratidzo zivo. Asi sei bhuku? Chii nhoroondo mabhuku? Sei izvozvo zvakachinja mumakore chemakore?

anyatsoona

Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura kunyora iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo chimiro mabhuku. Pakutanga, nemumuromo nhoroondo uye dombo mifananidzo vaiva nzira chikuru hutachiwana. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, rwevamwe vanhu venyika vakatanga reinvent gadziriro zviratidzo kunan'anura mashoko ayo. Kubva panguva iyi pane nhoroondo kunyora.

Kamwe vanhu kuziva kunyora, vakabva vatanga kushandisa kunyora chero kugadzirwa zvinhu. Nokufamba vaiva ibwe uye simbi, kuhukura, ivhu Mahwendefa uye zvakawanda. Danho guru mberi kwaiva nokugadzirwa nenhokwe navaEgipita. Kusati kwatombova yematehwe bepa uye ichi zvinhu dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa kurekodha.

zvikabva bhuku

Kazhinji, glued kuti mipumburu yenhokwe rinogona kurondedzerwa se mufananidzo mabhuku. ReFenikiya guta Byblos, iyo Papyrus ekisipoti centre iri ndero matanda, akapa zita rechiGiriki mubhuku - Byblos. Hazvina kubva pashoko iri kunouya kwatiri zvose yaizivikanwa imwe raibhurari.

MuGreece uye gare gare kuRoma, raibhurari razova chinokosha muupenyu uye budiriro. Ready munyori yakanyorwa uye yakabudiswa mabhuku akawanda akasiyana-siyana nyaya. Mumazuva iwayo bhuku rakaita mipumburu muchikuvadza unokosha rutanda, yakanga thickened kumugumo.

History kwezvisikwa mubhuku rokutanga kuti pamanyorerwo ichi haina kuzivikanwa vamwe. Asi tinoziva kukosha mabhuku nyika yekare yakadaro.

itsva chimiro

Inenge iri I remakore BC kuonekwa rokutanga manyoro, kwemazana emakore, vanotanga kuwana achikura mukurumbira. Izvi zvakanga kukonzerwa kuti zvimunakire uye kushanda. Handiti, paiva kugona kunyora panhivi mbiri jira. Zvinyorwa, wayo duku saizi, akanga akasununguka chaizvo.

Icho kuzivikanwa uye rukudzo munyika yechiKristu, zvikurukuru pakutanga vanoshingaira kushandiswa yematehwe, iyo displaces nhokwe.

History mabhuku muEurope muna yeMiddle Ages, ari zvakabatana chaizvo nevafundisi, sezvo munda inonyanya kuverenga uye vakawanda kuumba bhuku.

China akagadzira bepa, iyo gare gare vakapararira mhiri India munyika dzechiArabhu nyika, tikabvapo Europe. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma bhuku zvikuru kuchinja mufananidzo wako, kutanga kufanana yaizivikanwa format.

Book iri rekare

Pakutanga muRussia yakanyorwa Birch omuti, asi pano kuuya nguva uye dzimwe mhando zvenhau, kusanganisira parchment mapepa. History of bhuku kuRussia aiva chinokosha nzendo dzakawanda. The pakuonekwa birch-nemakwati, izvo zvinogona kunzi kuchava kutanga kwekupwanyiwa, vaisanganisa ari IX remakore, vanenge chiitiko chinokosha - pakusikwa Cyrillic arufabheti. Zvichitevera bhuku rino pakutanga manyoro iri XI remakore.

Maererano nedzimwe venhoroondo, bhuku rokutanga kuRussia angadai zvakanyorwa kare, zvichida kunyange X remakore.

kushanduka

Nokufamba kwenguva, mumwe ndima chete zvokukopa kunoitika uye yakasiyana mhando mabhuku - akadhindwa. Nhoroondo akadhindwa bhuku kunotanga China yekare. Ikoko rinodhindira kutanga pamusoro jira ndimubvise VI remakore (maererano kumwewo - kubva IX remakore), kunyange zvazvo vasina chidimbu pakudhinda dzakatangira China ari III remakore. Somuenzaniso, muIjipiti payo analogue akaonekwa V remakore.

Nokufamba kwenguva, chidimbu-kudhinda rwakapararira vechiArabhu kunyika vokuMabvazuva, uye XIV remakore, akasvika Europe. Saka vanotanga kubudisa dzechitendero rinodhindira, zvinyorwa uye dzenguva mitemo yamambo, uye kunyange kutamba makasa.

Muna 1445 (musi anofungidzirwa) Johannes Gutenberg unoitisa kudhinda, kuita budiriro nokukurumidza munyika dzinoverengeka munzvimbo, kubvira Fonts magadzirirwo uye anopera kwoUmambo wayo wokudhinda.

Kudhinda bhuku German vakatanga kupararira Europe yose. mabhuku ose, akasika kuguma 1500 asati, vakagamuchira zita "incunabula", ndiko "mbereko". Pakutanga, mabhuku akadhindwa kuramba zvinoverengeka zvokukopa zviratidzo, asi nokufamba kwenguva vakawanda kure navo.

Kwemazana emakore anotevera typographic michina akavandudzika zvikuru, uye bhuku riri vachiwedzera kuva akafanana ano shanduro. bepa anowanikwa pa kuguma XIX remakore, pakusikwa hwemvura yokudhinda, uye gare gare pakatanga linotype uye monotype yokudhinda vabvumirwe yekudyidzana kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye bhuku zvokudhinda, zvichiita bhuku zvikuru inokwanisika.

Pamwechete kwakaderera kusenza uye kuwedzera mirayiridzo okunyorera mabasa, bhuku dzawanika kuruzhinji uye kusimba inokosha yokuwana ruzivo uye shamwari murume ano wechokwadi.

Munguva yedu, bhuku yakadhindwa anoramba kubata maonero ayo, kunyange kwaita e-book raireva danho rinotevera racho shanduka. Nhoroondo bhuku iri stub.