Constituent Assembly (1917). The Constituent Assembly Elections

Mushure yaFebruary Revolution uye sapakuparadzwa yamambo monarchical Russia rakaita kuti mamiriro "zimbabwe". Dikidiki Government (anonzi pachavo itsva nezviremera) kuti pafudzi wose mutoro bhodhi pachayo. Pakazosvika nguva, boka vemapato vane vateveri uye kuisa mberi chirongwa chayo nokuda mberi kugadzirisa cheHurumende midziyo. Kuti pachine sarudzo, asi dikidiki Hurumende anoronga kuti Constituent Assembly. Muna 1917, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rakava nomukurumbira kumativi hombe kumhanya-mhanya kugadzirira chacho. Uye waiva gore rino akabata vhoti wayo wokutanga. Most anokudzwa bato:

- kuipandukira;

- the Bolsheviks;

- the Mensheviks;

- Cadets.

Elections kuna Constituent Assembly muna 1917 akatanga kugadzirira.

Kugadzirira sarudzo

Pakugadzirira vamiririri zvose zviripo panguva mapato uye zvose mibatanidzwa. The wokudhindisa kubudisa guru anodhinda Zara mabhuku, mapepa, danidziro mapepa uye zvimwe zvinhu. On mumigwagwa yaiitwa nevanhu-yakavakirwa kuongorora. Aiitisawo mharidzo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vanyatsoziva vanhu mutemo uyu kana kuti bato.

Chiitiko anovimbisa kuva democratic. Izvo hazvina kusvikira zvino Russian Empire. Voter aigona kuva mugari makore 20 kana munhu achishumira nehondo aine makore 18. Uyewo, zviri musarudzo kuitawo vakadzi. Chii chaiva chitsva hadzizi muRussia, asi munyika dzakawanda. The anosiyiwa vaiva Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, uye dzimwe States of America, uko vakadzi pachavo yakasimbiswa vakaenzana kodzero nevanhu.

vhoti

Sarudzo kuna Constituent Assembly muna 1917 kwakaitika esarudzo dzinoverengeka, iyo yakakamurwa nyika. YeParamende kota iri dzinounzwa pa mwero mumwe vanhu zviuru mazana maviri. Kunze kwaiva zvichida kuti kuSiberia. Ikoko dzemaitirwe akanga akatakurwa nokuda kwezvikonzero imwe-on-zana namakumi manomwe mapfumbamwe zviuru vanhu.

The musimboti proportionality ndiro zvinoita kuti kusarudzwa kubva Constituent Assembly muna 1917, kwave akakweretwa kubva Belgians. Uye chikuru chinoratidza ino, zvaifungwa kuti, kunze voruzhinji, uye kunyange akabvumira vashomanana vemo. Kuti izvi zvidaro, vanenge gumi maruwa vane hunhu vakanga yakarongwa zviduku mumaruwa majoritarian hurongwa sarudzo.

The Constituent Gungano sarudzo muna 1917 dzakaitwa November. Chiitiko kwakatora hapana kupfuura mazuva matatu.

zvabuda musarudzo

Pakazopera sarudzo kusvika Constituent Assembly muna 1917 migumisiro akaratidza kuti ari kutungamirira SRs vakagamuchira vanenge 50% of vhoti. Panzvimbo yechipiri vaiva Bolsheviks. kubva muzana avo sarudzo uye havana kupfuura 25. On rezasi pasi vaiva Mensheviks uye Cadets.

Total Votes vanenge mamiriyoni 44,5 vanhu.

Kubviswa pakati kadheti Party

The Bolsheviks, pasi paruzhinji kufurirwa hachidzivisi kunhaka sarudzo kusvika Constituent Assembly muna 1917, asi vakatambudzika kukundwa ikoko. Kuti zvimwe kuderedza kuwanda vakwikwidzi dzavo, Vakagadzirira chirevo, vakabva kweBhaibheri nokuda CPC uye rinotiudza kuti kadheti Party - bato vavengi vevanhu. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Cadets vakanga kunyimwa wemirayiro dzavo.

Next, vakanga pasi kusungwa uye vaiurayiwa. Kuvabatsira kuda kuuya Kuruboshwe SRs, asi CPC zvachose akarambidza vaite saizvozvo, kureva kuti chete chirevo. Akanga Papera auraya Kokoshkin - mutungamiri kadheti Party. Constituent Assembly (1917) chakaitika pasina kuvapo Cadets. Kunze Kokoshkin, usiku ihwohwo akapfurwa uye Shingaryov Mutevedzeri - mutungamiri Constitutional Democratic Party.

Dispersal of Constituent Assembly, kana "The murindi akaneta"

Pashure dzakatevedzana zvaisarudza pamusoro vatungamiriri mamwe mapato, kuti Bolsheviks akaita guru mashoko mupepanhau. Pepanhau "Pravda" panguva kutiudza zvizere pamusoro mabasa wevatariri, nhengo Constituent Assembly (1917). MuRussia, pepanhau iri vakanakidzwa kukurumbira mukurusa. Ndakashamiswa zvakanga apo application Bolshevik vatungamiriri yakabudiswa mariri, vachivhundutsira kusimbisa simba rake nokuda echimurenga nechiito, kana upi, haangakanganwirwi kuzivikanwa pamusangano.

wakaitwa Asi musangano. Lenin yapinda "Vashandi" uye haana kugamuchira kuzivikanwa kuti zvakakonzera pakuti Bolsheviks vakanga vakasara awa rechitatu reusiku ari Tauride Palace, apo musangano kwakaitika. An awa Papera, zvichiteverwa pamudyandigere uye Left SRs. The yakasarira bato Sachigaro pamwe Chernov, akasarudzwa vazhinji vhoti vakatora zvinyorwa nezveurongwa:

- panyika sezvo ari pachena pfuma mutemo;

- akurukure dzairwisana masimba;

- kuzivisa Russia somunhu Democratic Republic.

Zvisinei, hapana magwaro aya haana vabvuma Bolsheviks. Uyezve, zuva rinotevera, hapana vevatariri, ivo vakatonga haana vakabvuma kuti Tauride Palace. It anoenda ungano yakanga vakaparadzirwa noruoko wechikepe-anarchist Zheleznyakov nemashoko "Ndinofanira kurega misangano, varindi akaneta uye anoda kurara." Mutsara uyu akava nhoroondo.

migumisiro

Uyewo sarudzo nokuti vevatariri kana convening Rinounganira ane Constituent muna 1917 akauya pasina kutungamirira. Zvose kare akasarudza nokuda Bolsheviks. Musangano chaizvo chete akabvumirwa navo mukuratidza zvinangwa.

Humwe zvakaitwa musangano Vatori yakakanda chimwe echimurenga mamiriro ezvinhu munyika.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvakanaka-bapiro mapato ari Constituent Assembly yarambidza, chinangwa White kufamba raiva idzva convening uye kunhaka of Constituent Assembly, asi kwete uya akamisa kuzvikepe Zhelezniak. Kubvira pakutanga (Uyewo okupedzisira), kuti Constituent Assembly zvachose inotongwa Bolsheviks.