Ndiani kusvika South Pole kutanga? Amundsen kuti Feat

Vawana wokumaodzanyemba latitudes hakusi vakabvumira mazita avo nenhoroondo. Tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakaitwa chete kuzivikanwa mazita nevatungamiriri vavo, achisiya zviri yokukanganwa mazita kuvatori vechikamu. Avo vasvika South Pole wokutanga, Zvinofadza, akasiya mazita avo. Brilliant rwendo, akatambanudza chinangwa chake, kwakaitika muna 1911.

Roald Amundsen. kwakarongwa vitae

The Norwegian mukuru, uyo kusvika South Pole wokutanga, nguva dzose anofamba chinonetsa uye dzakati vakawanda zvikamu Earth. Akaberekerwa muna 1872 mumhuri kuvafambisi vengarava. Kunyange mumakore ake okutanga ari mumaoko vaongorori ramangwana awana bhuku zvinoshamisa naJ Franklin -. Polar aiongorora. Roald Amundsen yakazadzwa kuzova piyona, saka mwana achigadzirira kuti kuuya matambudziko. Iye akavata mahwindo yakazaruka kunyange zvakakomba kuchitonhora, zvikuru vane mwero zvokudya uye kuramba vakadzidziswa muviri wake. mai vake vaida kuti Roald akazvipira mushonga. Iye nokutendeka kudzidza mabhuku uye vakapinda makirasi. Asi pakarepo pashure pokufa kwake Amundsen scored mabhuku uye akatanga ungazvigadzira polar kufamba.

rwokutanga

Mune ake chikepe chokutanga Roald Amundsen akaenda makore 22 okuberekwa. Iye pakutanga aiva kabhini mukomana mungarava ngarava hove, hodivshem muna North Atlantic. Muna 1896, kokutanga kumanikidzwa muchando neshamwari dzake pamatunhu latitudes. Chando akanga nokukurumidza uye kuzvironga, vafambisi dzakamanikidzwa vadye shangu dzavo kuti vapone. Paakadzokera, iye kukosha kunyatsogadzirira kuti zvakaoma ezvinhu. Zvadaro, Amundsen akakwanisa kupfuura chinokosha bvunzo uye akagamuchira mukuru wake gungwa.

"Joa" akava wokutanga nechikepe schooner pachavo chikepe mufambi. Duku vashandi Amundsen aiva pamusoro wake kubva Groenlândia Alaska, rotanga Northwest Passage. Izvi gadziriro chakakomba nokuti chikepe mamiriro ari polar latitudes akamubvumira yatochenera zvakawanwa itsva, pakati pavo South Pole.

kukurumidza

Muna 1910, achitsigirwa mukuru Nansen R. Amundsen kugadzirira rwendo kuenda Antarctica. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, akanga ashanda nokuda chikepe "Fram", iro aifanira ukandwe Antarctica vaifamba. Nyatsoongorora akagadzira rwendo, iine vanhu vashanu, 52 imbwa uye mana sledges, anoenda rwendo. October 19, 1911 vafambi yakawira pamusoro Ross pasherefu uye akaenda vanyura kondinendi nechando.

Pakutanga, rwendo yakanga kwenguva refu navanopinda nechando renje. Pashure pokuyambuka 85 kufanana pagomo pakazogara yachinja - mugwagwa yakanga nemutemo mukuru echando mawere. Mujinga mawere vafambi akamisa chiduku Zvarevashe matanda zvokudya. Zororo gadziriro Amundsen akatora, pakuverenga kuti South enzvimbo danda riri mukati pachine uye nzira kwayo uye shure vanofanira hapana kupfuura mazuva 60.

Pakazosvika pakati vakaronga izwi vafambi yakasvika rechando guru, yainzi kuremekedza Axel Heiberg - the mupinduriri of rwendo, Amundsen vakatenda kukunda uye akapa mari yakawanda kufukidza mari. Gare gare kadhi aidhindwa mazita evamwe vanhu, shamwari uye voukama. Saizvozvo akaonekwa map Antarctica Glacier Liv, ainzi pashure mwanasikana F. Nansen.

wasvikapo

Pakati chirimo vafambi asvika dzoro, yakanga mukasaatarira asi, hapana polar rwendo. Kumugumo kondinendi chando, wakashama Shackleton, kwete tichironga tsaukana mavanga danda yose 180? Km. Apfuudza chokupedzisira chorwendo rwendo, kunorwa kusvika kuchiva pana izvo vakayambuka meridians vose Earth. Name munhu kusvika South Pole wokutanga, inoramba zvachose chokuita inotonhora kondinendi wokumaodzanyemba. It Roald Amundsen, Oscar Wisting, Sverre Hassel, Helmer Hansen uye Olaf Byaland.

Kugara ravo Kumaodzanyemba pfungwa munyika pachena vafambi vakapemberera Norwegian mureza uye pennant pamwe chikepe "Fram". Kwete kure tende wakaiswa mureza iyo Amundsen akaisa mashoko ake kuna nemuvengi waro - Scott. Kugadzirira kwavo kugara panguva South Pole, kunorwa yakatama musana.

Rwendo rwacho rwose vakatora mazuva 99. Avo vasvika South Pole wokutanga, achifara akakwazisa wokutanga chikepe "Fram", uye ipapo - mutaundi duku Hobard yaiva Tasmania. Kubva ipapo, akaudzwa mumapepanhau zvenyika, inova Kumaodzanyemba pfungwa nyika vakakundwa. Asi rwendo Roald Amundsen havana kurega ...