Quasar - izvi ... chii quasar?

At chinhambwe mabhiriyoni 2 chiedza-makore kure kubva kumba kwedu ndicho simba uye zvinouraya chinhu mune zvose zvakasikwa. Quasar - a vakapfeka danda simba, wakareba yaiva mabhiriyoni akawanda makiromita. Masayendisiti havana kusvikira pakuguma kudzidza nyaya iyi.

Chii chinonzi quasar

Nhasi, nyanzvi munyika vari kuedza kudzidza quasars, dzakavapo uye ushande. zveBhaibheri zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti quasar - yakakura, anoramba kutamira inouraya gasi mugate. The simba kupfuura kunobva simba chinhu chiri mukati, mumwoyo imwe quasar. Uyu chihombe dema buri. Quasar anoyera sezvavanogona kuyera mabhiriyoni suns.

Quasar absorbs zvose anouya nenzira yake. The Black Buri hwaparadza nyeredzi yose uye mapoka enyeredzi, yakayamwa navo nechomukati chero vasiri vakadzima zvachose, uye kwete kuiparadza mairi. Pari, mumwe quasar - ndiwo kutombonaka chete anogona zvose.

Deep denga zvinhu

Quasars - zvikuru kure uye chakajeka zvinhu zvose zviri muchadenga chinozivikanwa nevanhu. Mune 60s remakore rapfuura, masayendisiti vakatenda redhiyo nyeredzi dzavo, sezvo vakanga akawanikwa tichibatsirwa simba redhiyo mafungu. Shoko rokuti "quasar" rinobva pashoko rokuti "quasi-akatisiyira redhiyo mabviro". Unogona kuwana zita QSOs iri dzakawanda mabasa masayendisiti pamusoro nzvimbo. Field sezvo simba Manyiminya materesikopu rakawanda, nyanzvi vakaona kuti quasar - haisi nyeredzi, uye nyeredzi-zvakaumbwa chinhu chavasingazivi nesayenzi.

Zvinofungirwa kuti redhiyo achine kunobva kwete kubva quasar, uye kubva mwaranzi raakanga akapoteredzwa. Quasars vachiri kumwe chakavanzika zvinhu, izvo dziri kure renyeredzi. To musi, vanhu vashoma chaizvo isu anogona kukuudza pamusoro quasars. Chii uye sei kuvaka izvi mitumbi yokudenga vachakwanisa kupindura chete kupfuura unyanzvi nyanzvi uye masayendisiti. Chinhu bedzi kuratidza kuti quasars emit hombe yakawanda simba. Iye ndiye emit mamiriyoni 3 suns! Vamwe quasars emit ka100 yakawanda simba kupfuura zvose nyeredzi redu renyeredzi. Zvinofadza kuti zvose pamusoro quasar iri nguva inenge akaenzana renzou.

Uye uwandu nemwaranzi pamusoro quasars

Zvisaririra mapoka enyeredzi dzapfuura kwakawanikwa kumativi quasar. Ungahuziva sezvishandiso pamwe redshift, zviri remagetsi nemwaranzi pamwe redhiyo nemafungu uye chiedza asingaoneki, uye vane chidukuduku chisina kutsetseka miganhu. zvinhu izvi kuti kuwanikwa quasars aisabvumirwa kuvaudza nyeredzi - pfungwa zvinyorwa. Mukupesana, kwenguva matsime nani dzinoenderana chimiro enyeredzi. Enzanisa mashoko coefficient ari paavhareji kukosha chakajeka quasar iri 12,6, uye chakajeka nyeredzi - 1.45.

vari kupi zvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki yokudenga

Black mwena, pulsars uye quasars vano- kure nesu. Ndivo kure zvikuru zvisikwa zvose. Quasars ndivo kupfuura michini nemwaranzi. By spectral ongororo vanoongorora nyeredzi vanokwanisa kuona kumhanya kufamba zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, daro pakati pavo uye pakati pavo uye nenyika.

Kana nemwaranzi pamusoro quasar rakatsvuka, zvinoreva kuti zviri kufamba akananga Earth. The zvakawanda akatsvuka - achigura kubvisa quasar wayo nokukurumidza inowedzerawo. Ose quasars vari kutamira panguva yakakwirira chaizvo aimhanya, izvo zvinozoita achinja zvachose. Zvinonzi kwakaratidza kuti velocity pakati quasars rinouya pachiyero 240 zviuru. Km / chik., Ndiwo anenge 80% kubva kumhanya chiedza!

Hatidi kuona quasars ano

Sezvo ari kure zvikuru nesu anoramba, asi nhasi tinoona masangano avo kuti kwakaitika mabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura. Sezvo chiedza chete akakwanisa kusvika Earth wedu. Ungangove, zvikuru kure, uye saka quasars akawanda ekare dzinongova kuti. Space anotibvumira kuvaona sezvo vakanga chete anenge mabhiriyoni 10 apfuura. Tinogona kufunga kuti vamwe vavo vari kare havasisipo.

Ndezvipi quasar

Kunyange zvazvo Fani iyi kudzidzwa uye hakuna kukwana, asi, maererano rokutanga data, mumwe quasar - chihombe dema buri. Amai vake Inowedzera sangano rayo apo fanera buri kunonoka yacho, iyo inotungamirira kudziyisa yacho inoramba, vachidzipukuta yavo imwe uye kusingaperi kwebasa vakawanda guru nyaya. Speed mamorekuru nomumwe quasar anova kuwedzera wechipiri uye tembiricha yakakwirira. kukweshera Strong pakati nezvimedu kunotema kuti hurumende ichiisa guru huwandu chiedza uye dzimwe mhando nemwaranzi, akadai somuenzaniso X-ray. Gore negore makomba dema anogona kupinza munhu guru rimwe zuva redu. Kamwe akasungirirwa kuva chinouraya vortex gobvu wefodya, simba akasunungura achatambanudza nemwaranzi nenzira mbiri: pamwe zasi uye rwokumusoro matanda ari quasar. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi dana ichi kujairika "nzvimbo Ndege".

Recent zvaanorumbidza pakati vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi dzinoratidza kuti vakawanda izvi zvinhu mudenga nechepakati elliptical renyeredzi. Maererano neimwe dzidziso mavambo quasar, ivo vaduku renyeredzi umo muhombe dema buri absorbs akaripoteredza fuma. The havaoni pane dzidziso kuti mwaranzi panobva anoita accretion dhisiki kuti buri. Zvinonzi munzvimbo nechepakati renyeredzi, uye kunotevera kuti spectral dzvuku kuchinja kubva quasars pamusoro cosmological chaizvo kukosha rinokweva kusuduruka. It ndambodzidza vakafanotaura Einstein wake mukuru dzidziso relativity.

Quasars zvinowanzotaurwa ichienzaniswa zvikwangwani of Universe. Vanogona kuonekwa kubva kumagumo kure, akavonga kwavari kudzidza ayo shanduka uye maumbirwo. Uchishandisa "yokudenga bhikoni" kudzidza kugovera chero fuma kuti mutsetse nokuona. Kureva, akasimba spectral rehydrogen Absorção de Água mitsetse tinoshandurirwa mitsetse tsvuku kuchinja kubva Absorção de Água.

Masayendisiti shanduro quasars

Pane imwe zano. Quasar, maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi - iri zvichiitika muduku renyeredzi. Evolution emapoka havaratidzi anodzidzwa, nekuti vanhu mudiki zvikuru kupfuura ivo. Zvichida quasars - ichi mangwanani mamiriro paumbwe enyeredzi. Tinogona kufunga kuti kusunungurwa kwavo simba rinobva gotwe vanoshingaira nuclei emapoka matsva.

Mamwe nyanzvi uye havana kutenda quasars vari pfungwa dziri muchadenga apo nyaya itsva iri Universe kunobva. pfungwa dzavo kunoratidza chaiyo zvinopesana buri dema. Vanhu vanofanira yakawanda nguva kuongorora stigmata pamusoro quasars.

anozivikanwa quasars

Munhu vakafukura quasar yokutanga yakawanikwa pedyo Matthews uye Sandage muna 1960. Raiva renyeredzi Virgo. Ungangove, hwakabatana pamwe yechi16 nyeredzi renyeredzi ichi. Pashure pemakore matatu, Mathews akati kuti chinhu ichi ane guru dzvuku spectral zvaizopedza. The chete chinhu kuratidza kuti yakanga isiri nyeredzi, zvakanga kusunungurwa yakawanda simba mune duku kumiganhu nzvimbo.

zvaanorumbidza vanhu

History yakatanga kudzidza quasars uye nechiyero ane purogiramu inokosha pachena chisina kutsetseka kukura Radioactive Sources.

Muna 1963 quasars kuverenga pamusoro 5. Mugore iroro, kuti Dutch nyanzvi vakaratidza spectral mitsetse kusvika tsvuku kuchinja kubva chakarondedzera. Vakaratidza kuti akafanirwa kune cosmological misha somugumisiro kwavo nokubviswa, saka daro inogona dzaona nokuda Hubble mutemo. Pakarepo, mamwe masayendisiti maviri Yuri Efremov uye A. Sharov yakawanikwa kupenya variability dzakaonekwa quasars. Wakakodzera photometric mifananidzo, vakaona kuti variability kakawanda ane mazuva mashomanana.

Rimwe yepedyo quasar (3C, 273) rine dzvuku Gloss uye Kushaya chaienzanirana chinhambwe vanenge 3 mldr. chiedza makore. Zvinhu zviri mudenga kakawanda kudarika zvavo mapoka enyeredzi akawanda kure hwihwinyara. Ndivo nyore kunyoresa achishandisa materesikopu ano kure chiedza-makore mabhiriyoni 12 kana kupfuura. Rakanga ichangobva akanyora quasar chitsva panguva chinhambwe bhiriyoni 13.5 makore chiedza kubva Earth.

Zvakaoma kuverenga chaizvo zvikuru quasar akawana zvevakomana. Izvi zvinoitika zvose nokuda kuramba kuwanikwa zvinhu zvitsva, uye nokuda kwokushayiwa muganhu zvakajeka pakati yezviri mapoka enyeredzi uye quasars. Muna 1987 akabudisa mazita vakanyoresa quasars mu uwandu 3594, muna 2005 pakanga vanopfuura zviuru 195., Asi nhasi nhamba yavo vakapfuura 200 zviuru.

Pakutanga, shoko rokuti "quasar" anoreva boka zvinhu zviri kuoneka (Manyiminya) Range akanyatsojeka rakafanana nyeredzi. Asi vane vamwe kusiyana: simba redhiyo achine uye duku chisina kutsetseka kukura (<10 ^0).

Pfungwa iyi yepakutanga kwemiviri izvi kwakasimbiswa munguva yawanika. Uye ichokwadi nhasi, asi masayendisiti kuzivikanwa uye radiospokoynye quasars. Havazivi kusika simba nemwaranzi yakadaro. Muna 2015, zvivako izvozvo yakashuma vanenge 90% vose anozivikanwa.

Nhasi, ari stigmata pakati quasars iri pakutsvaga kwebasa dzvuku chakarondedzera. Kana pezvakasikwa vakawana muviri ane zvakafanana misha uye kwokusunungura aibuda simba simba, iye ane mukana wose pakunzi "quasar".

mhedziso

To musi, nyanzvi mune zvuru zviviri mitumbi izvi zvomuchadenga. Mukuru chishandiso pakudzidza quasars ndiyo Hubble Space Telescope. Sezvo hwokugadzira mberi vanhu havagoni kukundikana kufadza pamwe kubudirira kwavo, zvinganzi vaifungidzira kuti mune ramangwana tichava kugadzirisa chirahwe kuti ndiro quasar uye dema buri. Zvichida ivo rudzi "zvisingavaki muviri mudhirowa" kuti absorbs basa zvinhu zvose, uye pamwe ndivo nzvimbo uye simba wezvose.