Saprophytes: chii, chii kuti vadye, apo tirarame?

Zvakasikwa pane zvinenge - utachiona, notumwe tupukanana zvinomera, mhuka - zvokudya vakagadzirira-akaita makemikari yeimwe. Panobva kabhoni nezvimedu navo vakafa kana tsvina zvipenyu zvakasikwa. zvisikwa yakadaro inonzi "saprophytes". Chii? Tinoedza kuwana munyaya ino.

Origin of zita

Zita boka iri zvipenyu rinobva pamashoko maviri echiGiriki: "raderera" uye "chirimwa". Kubva pano unogona chaizvoizvo tinzwisise pfungwa. Saprophytes anoshandiswa zvokudya zvimwe nezvebasa zvipenyu, chirimwa rinenge uye mhuka, kazhinji - akafa.

Basa saprophytes

Basa zvisikwa izvi zvakasikwa ari yose makopi zvinhu. Ose muviri mupenyu nokusingaperi kufa. Saka akaronga pachisikirwo. saprophytes Vazhinji zvarakanyorerwa Kuraswa akafa tishu. Pasina kwavari, kuti biosphere kuti kungoti Musanyura yavo matongo, uye nyika yose yaizova kuva pakazara dongo uye tsvina yose zvinenge siyana - wevapenyu nevakafa. Saprophytes kuita basa hunhu janitors kuti kuchenesa nzvimbo upenyu hutsva. ivo anoora makemikari zvinyama kupinda kwayo chinoumba okunze, ayo zvino kushandiswa nevamwe zvinenge kuti simba ravo uye unongotaura.

Chii utachiona anonzi saprophytes?

Uwandu kurarama utachiona panyika zvechokwadi zvikuru kwete amenable kune chaiyo kukarukureta. Tusingaoneki kubva pfungwa nemaonero kupatsanura mu zvipenyu - kupfuura dzakawanda umambo. Vazhinji aripo utachiona vari saprophytes.

zvinhu mabasa

Saprophitic utachiona: chii? chinangwa chavo - kuora Organic nyaya hwemvura runyararo uye ivhu, kuti ndiitewo mineralization, ichitanga zvine maatomu akafanana. Azotobacter Somuenzaniso, tora Zvinoshingaira mubasa nedanho senitrogen Kuda kutamba. Vamwe - chinomubatanidza inokosha kutendeuka kabhoni, sarufa, phosphorus. Uye mumwe "rubatsiro" tusingaoneki murume kubika zvokudya. Pashure pezvose, muitiro womunhu lactic chinovira kunobva saprophytes. Sour ruomba, koteji chizi, chizi, yakaviriswa zvakabikwa mukaka, mufushwa, yakaderera-doro rinodhaka - avo zvinogadzirwa kuti hapana utachiona Aisagona dziripo.

Blue-girini algae

cyanobacteria izvi zvinobatanidzwa kugadzirwa okisijeni. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti izvi utachiona yekare akatanga nokuumba mabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura, mhepo paNyika. Handiti, kwakanga asina miti, uye zvimwe zvirimwa emit mu nedanho photosynthesis okisijeni. A Utachiona iripo. Kunyange zvino - nokuda vazhinji vavo - mugove wavo kugadzirwa negasi kunokosha.

Notumwe uye zvirimwa saprophitic

The Ushe notumwe vane vamiriri muchikwata ichi: diki uye unosvikirwa, kunyange guru ndivo. Ivo zvinoshandiswa chikafu paluyu mashizha, manyowa, hunde dzacho matavi, namazvizvi, marasha, minhenga uye pasi shiri, mhuka dander. Vakawanda - zvose Organic, ivo varipo. Somuenzaniso, kufungidzira nzvimbo chena, yellow lozhnoopenok sarufa, Coprinus Shaggy, Aspen, uye Birch howa saprophytes vamwe vazhinji. zvikara Howa zhinji vanobva dzakakwirira miti (miti, nemiti) mu symbiosis, inobereka mhando dzose residues zvinomera nemhuka fetiraiza zvinodiwa chirimwa kudya kunovaka.

Huge ukoshi (kazhinji - kwete zvachose inofadza) vane zvemarudzi ose nemaziso notumwe-saprophytes. Vanowanzoororwa kuwanikwa zvokudya, achiishandura pavo anokosha, nokusika sezvo dzinodyiwa mune ramangwana, uyewo vasiri dzinodyiwa zvigadzirwa. Zvavhuvha chingwa uye anovava jamhu, muto wemichero wakaviriswa, zvakaora Apple - "nemaoko" avo chinhu. The chicherwa - Kombucha, Indian mupunga, fungal chinovira kweShanduro doro.

Vari chirimwa umambo uye vari saprophytic. Chii? Kazhinji izvi kasvisto ndisipo Photosynthesis zvinhu (pigments) uye muitiro rinoitwa nokuda kuchinjika kushandisa simba kubva notumwe Somuenzaniso. Hazvibviri photosynthesis angava kukwana. Somuenzaniso, mamwe marudzi orkideat chete pamwero kuvimba notumwe, asi hatigoni kubuda photosynthesis uye mberi.

miti yakadaro inonzi mikogeterotrofami. Vanosanganisira anopfuura 400 ose.

Animal saprophytes. Chii?

Pakati fauna of vane zvinenge zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso, saprophytes mites (mhuri arachnids). arthropods izvi hazvina kuvakirwa zvakananga zvimwe zvinenge, asi akagadzirira-akaita makemikari yeimwe vachiri kuda. Vanoshandisa ravo simba kukoromoka chirimwa kana mhuka tishu. Saprophytes inopfuura 150 mhando mites guruva, vamwe vavo vanoonekwa kuti allergenic. Vanogona kuonekwa chete nemaikorosikopu, sezvo hukuru avo zvishoma (paavhareji - 0.2 mm). The sapanosvika upenyu hwemhuka - inenge mwedzi mina. Panguva ino, hadzi pamuShuramiti ane nguva usanonoka kusvika mazai 300. Asi chete giremu rimwe guruva anogona "kuvakira" mishoma zviuru zvinenge izvi. Zvavanodya ganda flakes marongera vanhu vari varipo zvakawanda, apo munhu akarara (maererano nesayenzi, murume anogona kukanda mugore kusvika 700 magiramu kwevakafa ganda nezvimedu, uye ivo zvokudya guruva mites saprophytes).