Ko yedu tateguru Homo erectus?

Soviet dzidzo rinomiririrwa anthropogeny murume kuedza "chinja" kuti pfuma yokuti: tsoko, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal uye Cro-Magnon. University sainzi haisi asatenderwe kuchikoro, chete anowedzera mashoko Latin: hominids, Homo habilis (prosimians, manufactures nyore zvishandiso), Homo erectus (Pithecanthropus vakawanda hwake ichifamba makumbo maviri), Homo sapiens (Neanderthals, vane zvitendero okutanga kuchengetwa) uye Homo sapiens sapiens (Cro-Magnons, zvachose zvakafanana muviri marongerwo uye bhuku uropi vanhu ano). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, sezvo Cro-Magnon murume shanduka kukura murume ave zvipenyu ari akarega.

Akadaro kutsarukana nezvemavambo wevanhu kunoratidza kuti huru muzvikamu zvitatu (Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal uye Cro-Magnon), anotevedzana, stepwise Virtual uye kuchinja zvimwe nguva. Nokudaro, Marxist pfungwa akatsanangura kuti Homo habilis (kureva unyanzvi) vaifanira maoko akasununguka kuti maturusi saka zvakava bipedal uye yakatanga kupinda Homo erectus. Uye chitarisiko Homo sapiens , dzidziso iyi inotsanangura kudikanwa kuvandudza zvekushandisa kuti kuvhima. Saka, zvose mhando nhatu ekare vanhu vaiona nzendo kukura Homo sapiens sapiens, kureva, madzitateguru edu zvakananga.

Zvisinei, takawana mapfupa uye kabhoni pachisara kusarudza zera ravo, pwanyai dzidziso iyi. Somuenzaniso, marangwanda pamusoro Australopithecus, Homo habilis uye erectus yomusi rimwe remakore. Uyewo, zvisaririra dzinoratidza kuti Homo erectus, Neanderthal uye Cro-Magnon vaiva vomunguva, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo, hwakagara pedyo nepedyo. Izvi zvinobvumira masayendisiti kukarakadza kuti Homo erectus aingova munhu akafa-mugumo webazi shanduka, Homo sapiens akazviratidza kubva asiko. "The chisipo kubatana" iri dzidziso yemhindumupindu iri zvichikuchidzira naMwari kana yepasi pose kwakabva murume.

Ndianiko - ichi Homo erectus? Nokuti nguva yokutanga mapfupa ake inowanikwa Java muna 1893, ndiye gore akaritumidza Pithecanthropus. Zvadaro, muna China, muna 1920, muridzi ane marangwanda wekare ainzi Sinanthropus - the Chinese mumiriri mhando. Gare gare, masayendisiti vakasarudza kuti pakati Chinese, Javanese uye inowanikwa 1985 mu Narikotome (East Africa) marangwanda vane zvakawanda zvakafanana, uye kubatanidzwa navo boka "bipedal" kana "archanthropines".

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutanga akazviratidza makore mamiriyoni 1,65 ago Africa. Over maviri namazana makore kwakapararira yakakura expanses pamusoro Eurasia, yakasvika Greater Sunda Islands, kunyanya, Java. Homo erectus, zvichienzaniswa nounyanzvi kunoratidza hombe, echimurenga zvechokwadi achikwakuka kukura. Aikwanisa kushandisa moto, mwene chinyakare panogara uye zvipfeko. Asi Chikurukuru, chii akasiyanisa yekare bipedal vanhu avo vamutangira (uye vomunguva), ndicho chokwadi kuti vaiva vavhimi. Homo habilis aiva zvitunha. zvombo ake zvarakanyorerwa cracking walnut mapfupa akafa kana kuurayiwa nedzimwe zvikara mhuka. Izvi zvakanga ainyanya hurungudo (hurungudo Olduvai tsika), iyo nyore vakakamukana, ichisarudzwa nokuda cleavage rikwanise mwongo.

Acheulean mhando tsika, hwakasikwa maererano Homo erectus chinhu yakagozha ibwe zvishandiso zvinoda spatial mafungiro uye vamwe chakasvitswa kubva tenzi kune unyanzvi mudzidzi. Research skulls anoratidza kuti Homo erectus aiva uropi bulkier pane romubati kaviri, asi isingasviki Neanderthal. kukura kwayo kwakanga hafu meter, dzimwe nguva masendimita mutinhimira 80, uye uremu ranged kubva 40 kusvika 70 makirogiramu. Sezvo nemaape varume Vakaronda, uye zvaitsvakwa pamwe, tinogona kufunga kutanga kutaura nemashoko, kunyange ivo havana chirebvu.

kana munhu aiva erectus chinokosha, kana kungoti 'dzinza'? Kana aigona interbreed uye kubereka vana pamwe zvachose Homo habilis kana Neanderthal? Saka kure, zvisaririra iyo nokubatanidza zvinhu izvi vemarudzi matatu kana zvipenyu akasawanikwa. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi izvi zvisikwa havana vapone Great Glaciation. Nechekare zviuru 20 apfuura uye Pithecanthropus, uye Neanderthals zvizvarwa enhoroondo nhandare. Kana rechando akadzokera, munyika pane kwevanhu chete mhando imwe - Homo sapiens sapiens.