History of ikoroji

Nhoroondo kukura ikoroji ine nemidzi yawo kupfuura kare. For chinyakare chinyakare vanhu kwave dzinoratidzwa kuda zivo yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva iyi nhoroondo kukura ikoroji Full mashoko ekare muEgipita, Tibetan, Indian matsime.

Varume vaunganidza ndeechokwadi zvinhu akwegura uye vakaedza kuronga nayo. Saka, vaBhabhironi mabhuku akanyorwa nemaoko ane ruzivo pamusoro Tillage, kudyara nguva, mhuka neshiri dzinokanganisa nokurima. Ancient Chinese Makoronike 4 2 remakore BC. e. Rine kurondedzerwa kukura anorimwa miriwo mhando dzakasiyana. Bhuku dzvene wePezhia vekare vakazadzwa zano nezvokukosha kudzivirira nyika, kwete kuti asvibise kwaari zvinhu "kuchena" kuti kudzivirira mhuka, kudzivirira mvura uye moto, vachinyatsoongorora ivhu. Mu "Turika" yakawanda Tsanangudzo mhuka.

Saka, nhoroondo kukura ikoroji vakatanga nokuberekwa zvokurima, zvemhuka, bhotani. Panguva iyoyo, pakanga pezvokuvamba munhu ukama nechisikirwo wokutanga.

The riwedzere nokuti kufambira mberi sayenzi zvipenyu zvaiva zvakawanda Reisen yakawanikwa muzana remakore rechi15 uye Colonisation munyika itsva. Panguva iyi ndipo chinoshingaira zvinhu kuwanda uye tsananguro. Works masayendisiti akawanda zvinopa uchapupu kusiyana zvipenyu, kuparadzirwa, STRUCTURAL zviri nemhuka kwese rimwe kana rimwe svikiro.

Zvikuru yakawanda zvakatipoteredza uchapupu kwave yaunganidzwa nemasayendisiti (zvakasikwa uye geographers) Russia muzana remakore rechi18. Pakati dzepamusorosoro inofananidza nguva zvinofanira kucherechedzwa I. I. Lepehina, SP Krasheninnikov, P. S. Pallasa.

Pakati pezana 19 remakore fung mupiro zvikuru kukura nesayenzi kuRussia, akasuma K. Rul'e (Purofesa pa Moscow State University). Masayendisiti izvi zvaitwa nemutoo musimboti, riri kutorwa sehwaro sciences zvose zvakasikwa - ndiwo musimboti kubatana akapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza uye muviri.

Anotevera zvokukura kukura inozivikanwa vanamazvikokota kwezvakatipoteredza sezvo kuparadzana sayenzi idzva idenderedzwa zivo pamusoro yepanyama zvakatipoteredza. Panyaya iyi, vakawanda vave aiitisa zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. inokosha izvi zvokukura kukura ikoroji pakataurwa Bhuku "The Origin of Species" muna 1859, mukukunda yaDarwin yokushanduka-shanduka. Saka, sainzi rava dzidziso kwadzakabva ezvinhu zvipenyu.

Haeckel kunotsanangurwa ikoroji sezvo Verengai ruzivo kuti chokuita upfumi hwezvisikwa. Pakudzidza kuitwa mukati yose kunzwisisa kusakarongeka pakati mhuka uye ayo zvakavapoteredza, zvose inorganic uye Organic. Zvisinei, zvikurukuru, maererano Haeckel, nyaya kudzidza utsinye kana ushamwari pamwe nemhuka izvo vamwe mhuka anouya achariwisira. Saka, ndiko kudzidza mukukurukurirana zvakaoma kuti, muna Darwin maonero, makatumidzwa kunokonzera sayenzi ikoroji kurwira kuvapo ezvinhu.

Muna 1910 akanzi Third World Botanical Congress. Zvakanga zviri pamutemo chirimwa ikoroji. Ndiyo masayendisiti akamutsa mubvunzo weboka munhu vakaziva yesayenzi nokure chirimwa munharaunda uye yemiti.

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi20, nhoroondo kwezvakatipoteredza pakukura kunoratidzwa kutanga zvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvakawanda, pakatangwa inokosha mabasa vanozviitira vose pamwero mukuru uye yakatetepa nyaya.

In ezvinhu ano, pane rakadzikama kuwedzera bhuku mashoko. Various zvinetso zvemhoteredzo, yokungotaura zvezvakatipoteredza ndivo nyaya nhamba kwesayenzi Kudya.