Putorana Reserve. Kwakachengetwa of Krasnoyarsk Territory

Zvayaiva Putoransky State Nature Reserve ari maviri nzvimbo Taimyr zvionera District - Khatanga uye Dudinka, uyewo ari Evenk zvionera Okrug, muna Ilim nharaunda. Reserve Center anotora yakazara Putoransky gomo hurongwa. Kudzivirirwa nyika vane zvachose munzvimbo dzinenge 1,8 Mill. Hectares.

Izvi buffer mapazi zvinosanganisira nhasi 3 Cordon: Dyupkun nyanza, gungwa uye dziva Dog Manumakli. Uye 2 muchipatara yokutsvakurudza zvinangwa: kwegungwa uye dziva Ayan Kutaramakan.

History chengetedza

Putorana Reserve (Map pamusoro) yakaumbwa kubva kuchengeterwa mumwechete zita chete muna 1988, pasinei nokuti mubvunzo sangano rake vaiona musana muna 1970. Muna 2001, pakava chiitiko chinokosha - Reserve akanga nominated nokuda chinzvimbo, iyo kodzero kuti pakati mumwe zvepanyama netsika nhaka UNESCO nyika sangano.

Putoransky chengetedza: ekunze

In Putoransky Climate kuchengeterwa kwakasiyana zvikuru Continental tembiricha dzakakwirira amplitude. Nhamba iyi iri kumabvazuva 100 ° C, uye kuchamhembe - 86 ° C. Polar zuva rinovapo mazuva 74 (16 May - 29 July), uye polar usiku - mazuva 56 (25 November - 13 January).

On Putoransky rwenze zvakajeka chaizvo kuonekwa enzvimbo zoning hazvigoni kutaurwa pamusoro dzimwe kumatunhu Russia. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kwemupata vakaumba nharaunda dzayo, yekudyidzana kwakasiyana pachavo, pasinei nokuti nzvimbo ine Geological uye morphological marongerwo. Plateau iri munzvimbo mharadzano ose Longitude uye Latitude rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo. Nokuti kumaodzanyemba kunoratidzwa unozvidzora uye kunyunguduka okunze munyika dzine, izvo zvinoreva kuti ndima muganhu ndiyo huru marudzi maviri nzvimbo chokuita chemhando taxonomic chinzvimbo.

mabasa evanhu

Putoransky gomo hurongwa, kunyanya kana tiri kutaura nezvazvo kumaodzanyemba, kuchamhembe uye okumabvazuva, kushandiswa kare kwazvo zvemo vanhu nzvimbo nomufambiro hove, kuvhima uye poro minda. nzira dzakadai kushandisa zviwanikwa, zvetsika nokuda Far North, pachena kuti nguva dzose mune imwe nzira ari nemiti uye Fauna of gomo rwenze. zvakajeka ichi anthropogenic kukanganisa sei kuchinja kwenhamba vanotambura zvikuru rudzi, kuti pakutanga rinoreva nevanhu Putoransky bighorn makwai.

The inokanganisa mabasa evanhu

In Putoransky Reserve inofadza mhuka hunhu Russia kumbova simba kwevanhu kwechirwere, izvo akabvumira vakapoteredza mupenyu zvakasikwa akasiya anenge node. Munzvimbo iyi yebasa kwevanhu kunoratidzwa chete basa ravaIndia vanhu hove, kuvhima uye poro nokupfuwa.

Kunyange zvakadaro, somugumisiro matambudziko yekudyidzana ungaderedza uwandu omunzvimbo endemics - Putoransky gwai bighorn, zvishoma zvishoma pane vakawanda vakava Stony, mhuka poro, wolverines, weasels, sables, makava uye mapere.

Industrial emakambani mudunhu zvishoma. Pakati pavo, chikuru chinhu, hunobata hunhu dzakapoteredza kuchengetedza nzvimbo isakarurama, ndicho chikamu chikuru mugodhi uye metallurgia kunzwisisa, iri Norilsk. Hakusi kure kumuganhu wokumavirira Putorana Reserve, zvinenge 150-200 makiromita kure. It kuita basa zvebhizimisi mugodhi esimbi ores uye nesimbi, saka pane nguva dzose kupa tsvina mhepo choutsi ane oxides inorema nesimbi, sarufa, carbon uye guruva.

Zvose izvi zvakaipa chaizvo zvazvinoita zvakasikwa uye pakupedzisira inotungamirira kuchinja zvinomera kumadokero chikamu sei Putorana Reserve uye buffer wongoramba. Mumabhuku yesayenzi, unogona kuwana zvakawanda pamusoro kwechirwere maindasitiri choutsi pamusoro omunzvimbo zvirimwa, apo ivo kuchengetera vakuru havafaniri kuitisa tsvakurudzo yavo pachavo. Hakuna asi chose chaiyo kukura kwenzvimbo iri pachena kuti zvinokuvadza maindasitiri choutsi. Maererano nedzimwe rokutanga kufungidzira basa Mining uye Metallurgical Combine muna Norilsk kwakakanganisa chinobata anenge 1/10 mativi Putorana Reserve uye 1/3 yacho buffer wongoramba.

rwokuzvarwa Beauty

The kuchengeterwa chinhu chinokosha dzinongoitika chinhu vaiona Putorana yakakura rwenze, iro rinotaura nzvimbo dzinenge mamiriyoni 2,5 hectares. In Central Siberia anonzi kuva guru musungo basalt rwenze. Yaimbova Soviet Union pane kumwe kwakadai zvokuyamura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ebani kwoupfumi mabasa asina kuitwa munhoroondo nokusingaperi.

Hydrological zvinhu vanomirirwa ari kuchengeterwa dzakavharika rwizi nembiya - Khatanga Pyasina uye pakukura - Yenisei.

Puritan Reserve ane nemapopoma zhinji kuti kuzvipa incredible runako. Heino soro ari mapopoma Russia (108 metres).

madhamu akawanda Putorana Reserve inozivikanwa kwayo yakasiyana uye kukuru nokudzika, mukati 180-420 mamita.

uswa

In Putoransky kuchengeterwa apo mhuka Russia kunoratidzwa kuyevedza, pane 398 dzakakwirira miriwo, nekurangarira kuti 61% of zvachose kasvisto kwemupata. Pakati pavo zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvisingawanzoitiki miriwo yakadai Poppy belovoloskovy, patapata makwapa, Rhodiola rosea uye pose-Asian. Panewo endemic Putorana - mavara Poppy, Marigold uye mushakabvu oxytrope Putoransky pakati endemic gomo hurongwa Byrranga uye Putoran - fescue ushkovataya uye endemic kune Siberian kuchamhembe akauya voikukka longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr uye Sitnic refu-vampire.face.

Land mhuka

Putorana Reserve dzinobatanidza vertebrates taiga, achinaya mvura, masango uye dzimwe mhuka zvakafanana anowanikwa mumakomo. Plateau ndiyo hwokumusoro Muganhu kuparadzirwa mhando dzakawanda, kusanganisira Sable, yokuSpain, squirrels vanhuwo, Elk, goshawk, dondo Lemmings, Grouse, capercaillie ibwe uye vanhuwo, woodpeckers, namazariro zizi, matsi uye neshiri yegungwa, zhinji mhando passerine, Kulikova uye dzimwe mhuka.

nharaunda iyi ndiyo kuchamhembe chikamu Central kweSiberia iri gondo guru nesting chena-tailed negora. Zasi-kumabvazuva chikamu maitiro nesting Little Curlew uye pakati ebani Putorana anogara vakawanda vacho Putoransky bighorn makwai. Zviri musha vakawanda mabheya, mhumhi uye wolverines, kutamba omunzvimbo biocenoses basa rinokosha.

Unique uye wakatsanangurwa zvinesimba chakajairika Putoransky nemhuka kuchengeterwa vanoonekwa pamwaka yokutama vakawanda yomusango poro. An chinokosha dzinotama migwagwa yacho iri Putoransky rwenze kuburikidza iyo inopfuura rinenge rose Vagari ari Taimyr poro (vanenge zviuru 450-480 vanhu). On ebani mugore vava 5-6 mwedzi. Rasai panzvimbo yakamanikana kumucheto pakati 100 uye 150 makiromita, saka zvinoita kugumisa kuti pane zvinonzi vaitamira mugero transmissive rimwe gore kuti 220 zviuru yomusango poro.

Amphibians: Siberian salamander

Ndiro mhuka chete iri boka amphibians, wataurwa Putoransky rwenze. Hwokufananidzira chimiro yose Russian taiga nzvimbo, zvakajairika kuti kuchamhembe kumatunhu sango-achinaya mvura vematunhu, potse pamiganhu yayo kuchamhembe. Asi Siberian salamander hariwanikwi kwazvo kuchamhembe chikamu Krasnoyarsk Territory uye kazhinji kuwanikwa chete okumusoro kunosvika rwizi pamaware Tunguska mu mupaini mumasango.

Pakati Putorana Reserve ichi amphibian Mad July 1982 mu Lake Harpicha. Naizvozvo, kana kuwana pachake Siberian salamander ari uwandu vanhu vana vari pakati Putoransky makomo pagungano kukwira pamusoro 481 metres chiri kukura chinokosha uye chinomiririra chaizvo tichitarisa zoogeography.

Endemic kuti kuchengeterwa - Putoransky bighorn gwai

Putorana Reserve ndiye chete nzvimbo inogarwa nomumwe mukuru mhuka anozivikanwa zvishoma munyika - Putoransky gwai bighorn, kana bighorn. Akasimbisa pano somunhu yoga subspecies, uye vanobatanidzwa Red Book of Soviet Union, uye ikozvino Russia. Nzvimbo dzokugara - center nharaunda Putoransky makomo, mudunhu kwemazana makiromita kubva kuparadzirwa munzvimbo mamwe subspecies chando makwai.

Waterworld Putorana

In Putoransky kuchengeterwa mumvura enzizi akawanikwa 36 mhando hove. It rinozivikanwa endemic mhando pano zhinji, dzakadai grayling, whitefish uye kwaIsakari hove. Vazhinji vavo vave akadzidza saka kure haisi kukwana, kwete kuona zvavo taxonomic hweHIV. Kuvapo dzakawanda intraspecific siyana zvikuru anowedzera kusiyana rehove kuchengetedza nharaunda.

Huru akadzivirira mhuka

The mhuka dzakawanda rakada kurindwa zvinotevera: Collared lemming, gwai bighorn, Elk, ermine, caribou, musk-gonzo, Sable, yokuSpain, mashava nebere. Shiri - norukodzi, vaduku chena, rukodzi zizi, gondo chena-tailed, ari Bearded zizi, capercaillie zvakajairika uye ibwe, dema kondo, goshawk, Swan diki.

Most akadzivirira marudzi hove raimiririra Siberian grayling, whitefish, whitefish uye kwaIsakari Ussurijskim Arctic, uye amphibians, ari salamander achachengetwa chete Siberian.

Kwakachengetwa of Krasnoyarsk Territory

All vari Krasnoyarsk nharaunda ine zviwanikwa reserves nomwe. Ministry of Natural Resources uye Ecology weRussia akasarudza kubatana Krasnoyarsk reserves yakaitwa muna August gore rapera. Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Territory vakanga vasanganiswa.

Taimyr reserves zvakawanda wokukwezva vashanyi. It makungwa, mumipata, nenzvimbo dzakakwirira nemapako gomo. Pasinei remoteness nzvimbo pakati Vashanyi anogara kukura. Mamaneja matura ose Taimyr kwakasimbiswa zvinotevera zvaMambo nzvimbo excursions: zvakatipoteredza, chiitiko, zvedzidzo uye ethno-ushanyi.