"Petr Veliky" - renyukireya ngarawa. Nuclear chombo ngarawa "Petr Veliky": tsananguro

The chikuru unoshamisa rehondo Russian Navy vaiona Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, zvenyukireya uye Diesel-yemagetsi. Ivo basa kwakaoma kubva wadzo Mahombekombe, unobtrusively achiratidza, ari munjodzi yemakambani vavengi kubvira nguva nenguva, nemaune kubvumira pachake "wanikidza". Emerging kubva pagungwa rakadzika iri rinonyanya dzausingafungidziri, pedyo bhendi anofambisa kubudikidza vatorwa navies, vanoratidza pavo vatungamiri zvikepe kuti, pasinei Kusaoneka, achiripo. In yorunyararo, tsika yakadaro vaiona kuipa, apo panyaya kuvapo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura hondo kunoratidzwa zvakasiyana. Asi vanofamba nengarava dzepasi pemvura ndorwangu nzira uye kufamba pamusoro midziyo kutonetsa kuviga, kunyanya akadai guru vatakuri ndege kana sevatsvaki vemapuranga zvenyukireya simba chirimwa. Kunenge kuti Hofori izvi hazvisi kutya munhu.

Pane imwe kudiwa nehofori ichi?

Ndizvo sei haazvibati mugungwa renyukireya chombo ngarawa "Petr Veliky". "Military Review" - website yakatsaurirwa kuna epamba uye dzimwe zvombo hurongwa, - kuzozivisa vashanyi vazhinji hwokugadzira mashoko muchikepe mamiriro, ayo kumhanya kuita, asi anodzivisa pokuongorora ayo revarwi Kubudirira mune chiitiko wechikepe chakakomba kana ichipfuurira. Zvisinei mumwe ngarawa, yakavambwa muna 1986, vanogona kuvazve zvinodiwa kwemireniyumu itsva, yakanga yakagadzirirwa pasina kufungisisa zvemichina uye vakaderera maonero chakakura rakajeka chinangwa kupenya. Chine zvakwakanakira, asi ine nhamba zvaaikanganisa, akadai zviri kurwa chikwata arasikirwe wokuRussia yepfuma iri kumativi Verengai pagore. Saka zvakakodzera kana yedu rengarava kwenyukireya dzinofambiswa ngarawa "Petr Veliky" kana nani uye isingadhuri kune kwakajairika Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, chombo hurongwa uye wengarava avhiyesheni? vakabudirira sei vachakwanisa kudzivirira Russian mugungwa miganhu iri chiitiko chinokosha ezvinhu vemamwe mutemo? Nezvaanazvo vorongerwa munyanza?

Mibvunzo iyi zvinoda zvakawanda uye hwakadzama mhinduro.

"Orlan" Series

Mumazuva iwayo, apo Soviet Union rengarava akarayira Admiral Gorshkov, nevakawanda dzematongerwe wengarava nzira vaivimba ngarava huru, zvose pemvura uye epasi pemvura. Risingakundiki nesimba weSoviet Navy yepasi pemvura-kunofananidzwa yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura yakawanda uye sevatsvaki vemapuranga, bristling pamwe zvinoita zvokukandwa launchers, radars uye antennas. Diesel simba miti kujekesa kuwanda operative kushandisa Naval mauto. Muzvitsaurirei ( "Petr Veliky" kubvira 1998) mukana kuvapo chinooneka chero chikamu mumakungwa wakange akaiswa kuBaltic Plant "Yuri Andropov". Nuclear ngarawa haana kuvakwa muna rimwe, zvisinei dzakakomba zvoupfumi matambudziko nguva kugadzirisa kuti shipyards vakatanga nhevedzano zvikepe zvina muna 1144 chirongwa chokutanga kuti akagashira mukuru zita "Orlan". Native "hama", "Andropov" simbi "Kirov", "Frunze" uye "kuKalinin", anonziwo pashure vakakurumbira inofananidza of Communist Party. Zvakazoitika, izvo zvakatanga kuitika munyika, akaratidza kuti uchingoti akadaro pamwero mukuru basa kunenge pose ehondo Navy utungamiriri nyika zvishoma inopisa. Pari kubva yose series, chete chete renyukireya chombo ngarawa "Petr Veliky" ari kurwa-vakagadzirira chikwata. Chii chichaitika kune "Admiral Lazarev" (aimbova "Frunze") uye "Admiral Nakhimov" ( "kuKalinin"), zviri pachena zvavari upgraded uye vachamira kusvikira pakuguma gumi ichishanda. Njodzi "Admiral Ushakov" ( "Kirov"), kusuruvara, vakamirira chikepe marara.

Vanoverevedza kumusoro chinyararire, haagoni

Ngarava iyi haisi hombe. Yakakura kupfuura vari chete vatakuri. Zvingava makore zvionera navigation, kugadzira akaronga pakutsiva yevashandi uye marambi chikafu mumatanda. The chikwata ine 727 vafambisi vengarava, mapurisa, warandi vakuru navatariri, kusanganisira 18 vezvikepe uye kugadzira vashandi, basa helicopters. Nokumhanya 32 nokusunungura mapfundo. Musha matani 26,000. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti ave nechokwadi pakavanda ayo chitarisiko chero nyika mugungwa nzvimbo kutonetsa. Uye hazvisi kukura, kana pane, mavari kwete chete. Ndima kuburikidza pakamanikana kana hova disavows uye kuderedzwa tonnage zvikepe, kwete ngarawa kuti zvenyukireya "Petr Veliky". News kuti ufambidzane inotakura, nomuparadzi kana frigate vakayambuka neSuez Canal, kuti Bosphorus uye Dardanelles, pakarepo yokubudisa pose. Saka chii chiri kurehwa vaRafa ichi kana nzvimbo yaro iri nguva dzose kuzivikanwa, kana kwete kubva TV, maererano Satellite zvichiongororwa?

chinangwa Major

Zviri pachena kuti pakuonekwa pamhenderekedzo iri chikepe simba chero zvinogona muvengi kungwarira uye kuzivisa neimwewo aramu. The Ungaitei aizova mukuru wengarava remubatanidzwa izvo, vamwe chikonzero, kuswedera rinorema renyukireya chombo ngarawa "Petr Veliky". Kana akadaro chiitiko chinoitika munguva dzorugare, zvose akapedza nguva dzose "kupanana courtesies," ari dzechikwata nomutsa fukura ngoma ake uye kudzivirira enyika, "kuti zvimwe ruzha" link uye kubuda, "sezvo ngarava pagungwa." Asi vachaenda zvakawanda zvikuru nengozi mune chiitiko hondo. Maererano huru chipfuro muvengi pakarepo moto akazaruka, uye achaita chinhu kupfeka pasi ngarawa. The kunotangira achapindura Anti-chikepe zvombo, torpedoes, mhepo rinopamura nezvimwe zviito utsinye, "Petro Veliky"? Uye kana iye anogona kuisa amene kana yokushayiwa kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo emptive ranwa?

Hongu. Kuti aite izvi, ane zvose zvaunoda.

nezvombo

Hazvina rakasiyana kwete chete ukuru. Munyika hapana neavianesuschih ngarava nezvombo akadai "Petr Veliky". Nuclear ngarawa ane mungarava guru zvombo pangava nzira dzose zvakakanganisika moto uye kudzivirira mhepo kurwiswa, yepasi pemvura kurwiswa, angu kutyisidzira uye dzimwe njodzi. "Caliber Chief" ndizvo zvombo "graniitti", aibudisa launchers maviri pazasi achipfeka.

Kurwisa rongedza anoshongwa izvi vanotsungirira zvisingaiti, vane Integrated, mira-woga kudzora hurongwa. Flight chikwata "mutungamiriri" hwokukurira zvose vamwe zvombo, uye kana hwake kukundwa muvengi chombo zvinoreva pane "basa" otomatiki pamusoro mutungamiri mutsva. Pachiimbwa redhiyo chipingaidzo uye venhema zvinhu vakapfura "girenayiti" rinogona kunzi husingarambiki.

Air kuzvidzivirira maitiro S-300F (nokuti zvomumvura mafomu) vaisanganisa pamwe nehurongwa Anti-ndege "Dagger" uye "Chestnut". Zvivako izvi vanodzivirirwa zvinokonzerwa Tarka Anti-chikepe zvombo vatanga kusanganisira kubva ndege. Uyezve, vanogona anorwisa kunyange Ultra-chaiwo mabhomba pamwe Laser nhungamiro.

Attack Avangard uye chombo magwa pazvisina. Uyezve, pane chombo uye atirari 130-caliber, kukwanisa varove ari chinhambwe kusvikira 22 makiromita. Kundorwa muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvenyukireya rinorema ngarawa "Petr Veliky" iri vakapakata launchers gumi "Waterfall" mana dhazeni Anti-tangi anotungamirirwa zvombo RSL-40, uye kuvabatsira kuwana Ka-27 - vaviri. Uye kwete kuti ndicho zvose.

Kazhinji, yakawanda zvombo. Uye kuzvidzivirira uye kunogumbura moto pane zvakawanda kuchengeta.

Phantom of eighties?

Zvisinei, izvi zvose hazvirevi kuti Tarka "Petr Veliky" rinogona kunzi akakwana unsinkable ngarawa pamusoro iyo muvengi simba. zvombo zvakadaro hadzisi zvakadaro, kunyanya sezvo chikepe yakagadzirwa kwenguva refu, anenge matatu emakore apfuura. Panguva ino, uto shipbuilding pfungwa yachinja, vava silhouettes akasiyana warships, kwakaonekwa kujairika gungwa pepa "namano" akanyangarika zvakaoma micheka antennas nyore siyana, contours mitsetse kuva akavhuniwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi mune zvombo zvehondo "Petr Veliky" (rinorema renyukireya chombo ngarawa Project 1144) rinoita kuti idzangaradzimu zvekare Nguva manonwe uye eighties. Nechekare ane resonant gratings, radar uye kukurukurirana antennas mujenya. Uye kupa muenzaniso nyanzvi dzakadai iri US, "Orli Berk" - muparadzi, yakavakwa vose ano zvinodiwa kuti namano uye ruzivo rutsigiro.

US vorongerwa

Hungu, US muparadzi chinokushamisa pamwe Ultra-ano ayo ngaaone. Rinongova robhoti-transformer zvimwe mhando, hakuna yakabudikira zvikamu, kombiyuta hurongwa rinopa (maererano nePentagon) mangwanani kuonekwa uye vakatsanya zvikuru zvisarudzo operative. Pane kunetseka kuti sei kubudirira vachakwanisa ishande zvenyukireya ngarawa "Petr Veliky" pamusoro "Aegis" gadziriro, riri akashongedzerwa vaparadzi mhando "Orli Berk".

Asi kwete zvose akasuruvara kwazvo. Chokwadi kuti ngarava ichangobva American vakasikwa pachishandiswa dzemitemo huru mbiri: maximizing ari kusangana rokudzora gadziriro uye kuderedza mari.

"Aegis" hurongwa

Radar chiteshi AN / kundoshora-1, kuisa kuti "Orli Berk" sezvo kanyanga anoshandisa mana phased wakazvigadzira, fixedly vasiyana superstructure. The yose gadziriro dzisisngaoni chete machine centre, izvo, chokwadi, zvimwe zvakwakanakira ari zvatinoita ruzha kutapata, asiwo nhete kuwanda madaro ose kuonekwa uye Tracking kuti kurwisa. Zvikurukuru, chinetso ichi hworatidza pacharo sezvo zvakafanira kufungisisa kurwiswa supersonic pasi-uchibhururuka Anti-chikepe zvombo, iro rine "Petr Veliky". Nuclear ngarawa nemhaka ayo ukuru anogona kutakura yakawanda zvombo, uye ayo kanyanga, riri kumusoro, zvinopa nyevero kunyange zvakadaro usingaoneki zvinhu mangwanani akadai ngarava mukirasi "Orli Berk" (izvo zvisingaonekwi kudana kugona kwete).

About antennas "Petra Velikogo"

Hongu, yakawanda nezvirongo, uye nokuti vane pachena zvinoonekwa pamusoro radar sefa, "Petr Veliky". Nuclear ngarawa iri vakapakata radar dzemapurisa matatu, chimwe nechimwe anozadzisa ayo chikamu basa. "Sunrise" (MP-600), wakaiswa kuti foremast, kuita muchidimbu basa. Pasi apa, mubako, riri Radar "Frigate M 2 '(MP-750), izvozvo anosarudza vatatu chipfuro anoona. On the foremast akaisa kanyanga "mistimed" (MP-350), ndiko kugona kuona yakaderera ichibhururuka huru - ichi ndicho chinhu kuti achishayiwa munhu coherent ngetani Anti-American kudzivirirwa "Aegis" hurongwa. "Anokurukura" anoshanda ari maviri-batanidza maitiro, uye ane mukuru mwero Ongororo akabatana duku pakukwirira yorusvingo kupa achida kuita. Saka, pasinei kwayo maonero, Tarka "Petr Veliky" rine zvose mikana kuti varove munhu zvikuru ano chikepe zvingakanganisa muvengi, kumurova zvose ake mupfumi zvombo. iye anogona mberi, uye naizvozvo, mukurwisa kushamisika asingadi kukanganisa kuziva muvengi. Flip zvombo zviri achigonawo chaizvo kuita izvi, ane zvose zvaunoda.

tarisiro

History anoziva mienzaniso yakawanda apo warships vari Navy emakore. Zvakasimba akaita muviri, kutyaira zvakanaka uye achifambisa nezvaanogona uye guru misha raizoita kuti mazuvaano muchikepe uye kuitisa nayo maererano zvaidiwa nguva. Pane anonyatsoratidza kuti ngarawa yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa "Petr Veliky", kuti michina unhu icho zvechokwadi anogona kunzi hunoshamisa, achaiswa kushanda kwenguva refu. Haana analogues kunyange zvimwe ngarava akafanana zvenyukireya simba chirimwa, akadai "VA" kana "Long Beach", iduku pane flagship yedu zvikuru pamusoro Northern Fleet mu misha, uye saka pamusoro mazuvaano mukana. Akasiyana aro propulsion gadziriro, kusanganisira mbiri kutsanya Nyuturoni reactor uye ebetsero boilers, mukanyanyisa inogona 300 megawatts.

Sezvineiwo, kwaiva chishamiso zvipfuwo shipbuilding indasitiri ndiye musiki zita Russian Navy, uyo akatanga basa iri rakanaka kuvaka chikepe chiduku mwero.

Zvichida zvichava emakore asati nguva kana kubviswa Navy zvombo renyukireya chombo ngarawa "Petr Veliky", iyo achauya kutsiva zvikepe matsva wechitatu chemakore.