APG: sezvamunoita. Natural uye akabatanidza gasi

Mafuta gasi - chinokosha mbishi zvinhu munyika. A kanoda mafuta uye gasi indasitiri anopindura kuyeuka gasi. Kwekutanga zvekuvaka ichi haisi kushandiswa. Asi ikozvino mafungiro iyi zvinokosha zviwanikwa zvachinja.

Chii chinonzi akabatanidza gasi

Izvi yeHydrocarbon gasi iyo asunungurwa pamatsime mafuta dura uye panguva yaro kuparadzana. Zviri musanganiswa vaporized yeHydrocarbon uye asiri yeHydrocarbon zvinoumba rwokuzvarwa mavambo.

uwandu Its mumafuta ingasiyana zviuru zvakawanda cubic metres chete tani.

By pakuwana chaizvo akabatanidza gasi kunoonekwa sechinhu byproduct okuwana mafuta. Saka zita. Ndapera nokuda kwokushayiwa anodiwa kwezvivako kuti gasi kuunganidzwa, zvokufambisa uye kubudiswa yakawanda ichi rwokuzvarwa zvekuvaka akarasika. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji nechokuita gasi nyore kwakamuka.

gasi sezvamunoita

Akabatanidza gasi rinoumbwa methane uye kwakanyanya Mahydrocarbon - .. Ethane, butane, propane, etc. The gasi sezvamunoita ari akasiyana oilfields zvingasiyana zvishoma. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo munyika akabatanidza gasi ingasanganisira asiri yeHydrocarbon zvinoriumba - senitrogen, sarufa, okisijeni.

Kupfuura gasi iyo gushes pashure kuzarurwa reservoirs mafuta, inozivikanwa vashoma rinorema yeHydrocarbon magasi. More "inorema" pamusoro Kuronga gasi iri mafuta pacharo. Saka, muna kutanga nzendo kukura minda mafuta, ari kutonga, yakawanda akabatanidza gasi rinobudiswa rurefu zviri methane. Mukushanda deposits, nhamba idzi zvishoma akaderedzwa, uye inorema zvinoriumba anoumba huru chikamu gasi.

Natural uye akabatanidza peturu gasi: chii musiyano

Akabatanidza gasi zvichienzaniswa dzinongoitika rine zvishoma methane, asi ane yakawanda homologues ayo, kusanganisira pentane uye hexane. Chimwe musiyano unokosha - the ibatanidzo STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba mu minda siyana umo akabatanidza gasi anogadzirwa. APG sezvamunoita vangatova siyana nezvimwewo nguva chete munda. Enzanisa munhu quantitative mubatanidzwa zvakamisa hurongwa ose negasi anogara rusingaperi. Naizvozvo, APG anogona kushandiswa zvinangwa zvakasiyana, uye negasi inoshandiswa chete sechinhu simba mbishi zvinhu.

Kuwana APG

Akabatanidza gasi inotengwa nevanhu kupatsanura kubva mafuta. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, multistage mumakeji nedzimwe kuvafurira. Saka, pakutanga kuparadzana chikuva pressurized kubva 16 kusvika 30 nomuzariro. At Zvakazoitwa nzendo zvose kwokudzvinyirira iri zvishoma nezvishoma shoma. Mumakore danho parameter ipfupi kuti 1.5-4 bhaa kugadzirwa. Temperature uye kumanikidzwa takatsunga ne APG kuparadzana michina.

The gasi anogadzirwa rokutanga chikuva akatuma zvakananga gasi emhodzi. matambudziko makuru simuka paaishandisa gasi ane kumanikidzwa pazasi 5 nomuzariro. Kwekutanga ichi nguva dzose APG kupiswa hadzitani, asi munguva ichangopfuura zvakachinja mutemo kuti gasi Utilisation. Hurumende atanga kuva incentives kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, panguva hurumende pamwero chinoratidza APG combustion naro paakagadzwa muna 2009 gore, izvo haafaniri kupfuudza 5% yose inowanwa chokuita gasi.

Kushanda APG ari indasitiri

Kare, APG uye kwete kushandiswa pakarepo mushure rezvokuroorana kupiswa. Zvino masayendisiti kunzwisisa kukosha ichi rwokuzvarwa zvekuvaka uye kutsvaka nzira yokushandisa nayo zvinobudirira.

Akabatanidza gasi ane sezvamunoita musanganiswa propane, butane uye kwakanyanya Mahydrocarbon, inokosha mbishi mashoko simba uye mushonga indasitiri. APG ane calorific ukoshi. Saka, panguva combustion nayo anosunungura kubva 9 zviuru 15 kcal / cubic mita. In yaro yepakutanga chimiro haisi kushandiswa. Iva nechokwadi kuti vanoda okuchenesa.

In makemikari indasitiri huri akabatanidza gasi kuti methane uye ethane wakaumbwa mapurasitiki uye rabha. Kwakanyanya yeHydrocarbon zvinoriumba aishandiswa mbishi zvokuvakisa pagadzirwe yakakwirira octane mafuta chirungiso, zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon uye liquefied peturu gasi.

MuRussia, vanopfuura 80% of anogadzirwa akabatanidza gasi nyaya kuti makambani shanu mafuta uye gasi: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Oil Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP Holding", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". Maererano pamutemo data, nyika pagore unobereka zvinopfuura mabhiriyoni 50 cubic metres kubva akabatanidza gasi, iyo 26% uri zvishandiswezve, 47% rinoshandiswa kuti maindasitiri zvinangwa, uye akasara 27% iri kwakamuka.

Kune mamiriro ezvinhu kuti regai nguva dzose kushandiswa akabatanidza peturu gasi mutengo-kunobudirira. Kushandiswa ichi zvekuvaka kazhinji anoenderana musango saizi. Saka, gasi ikabereka muminda miduku, anofanira kushandiswa pakupa magetsi omunharaunda vatengi. On avhareji deposits zvakawanda zvoupfumi kusvina liquefied peturu gasi panguva gasi emhodzi nokutengesa kuti makemikari indasitiri. Yakanakisisa chingaitwa minda guru riri kugadzirwa magetsi ari mukuru simba pamwe nekutambira kutengeswa.

Damage kubva APG combustion

Gas flaring anosvibisa mhoteredzo. Around murazvo mugumisiro chafariz kudzikisirana, izvo anorova pasi mukati nharaunda ine 10-25 metres uye zvinomera kuwanda 50-150 mamita. Muna combustion rikurumidze kuwira kuonekwe senitrogen uye carbon monoxide, sarufa dioxide, uye unburned Mahydrocarbon. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti somugumisiro flaring vabudiswa matani anenge mamiriyoni 0.5 pagore pamusoro kabhoni dema.

Uyewo, gasi combustion zvigadzirwa vane ngozi zvikuru utano hwevanhu. Maererano nenhamba, ari mukuru Refinery Russia dunhu - Tyumen dunhu - hwevanhu vanorwara kuti zvirwere zvakawanda kupfuura avhareji yose nyika. Kakawanda vanhu munharaunda vanotambura kufema pathologies. Pane vakawanda namamota, zvirwere zviri mupfungwa nadzo uye tsinga.

Uyezve, APG combustion zvigadzirwa kukonzera pathologies iyo anozviratidza chete pashure imwe nguva. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• kushaya mbereko;
• kusvodza;
• nhaka zvirwere;
• kusimba kutapata;
• oncological zvirwere.

APG Utilisation michina

The chikuru dambudziko kierrätys gasi yakakwirira wevasungwa inorema Mahydrocarbon. Mazuva ano mafuta uye gasi indasitiri anoshandisa wandei vanobudirira ruzivo, izvo zvinopa mukana kuvandudza gasi kubudikidza kubviswa inorema Mahydrocarbon:

1. Gas fractioning kuzopesanisa.
2. Adsorption rwokugadzira.
3. Low-tembiricha kuparadzana.
4. Kamudzira rwokugadzira.

Utilisation kuti akabatanidza gasi nzira

Kune nzira dzakawanda, asi, panzvimbo tsika, kushandiswa chete vashoma. The chikuru nzira - kupora APG takaparadzana kupinda zvinoriumba. Izvi zvinogona muitiro unobereka gasi yakaoma, izvo chaizvoizvo kwakafanana negasi negasi mvura (NGL). muvhenganiswa Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa senzvimbo mbishi mashoko petrochemistry.

Kuparadzana negasi kunoitika panguva yakaderera tembiricha Kurongwa Absorção de Água uye condensation. Pashure pokupedza yakaoma gasi iri yaitakurwa Mapaipi, uye anotumirwa NGL painocheneserwa kuti mamwe kugadzira.

Wechipiri kubudirira APG - kuchovha rikurumidze. Nzira iyi zvinosanganisira Kubayiwawo jekiseni gasi kupinda dura kuti kufurirwa kuwedzera. Izvi mhinduro kunoita kuwedzera vhoriyamu mafuta kupora kubva paumbwe.

Uyewo, akabatanidza gasi ringashandiswa vaunze magetsi. Izvi zvichaita kuti makambani mafuta kuti yekudyidzana kuponesa mari, sezvo kubvisa kudiwa kutenga magetsi kubva kunze.