Chikepe "Rocket" hydrofoil: description, unhu. mvura senga

Chikepe "Rocket" - ngarava akashongedzerwa nemapapiro pasi waterline. Zvinonzi semhosva yakakura "P" uye akagadzirirwa kuti mawa kwerunyararo 64-66 vanhu. Chaizvo chinzvimbo ndiye nadzurudzo motokari. "Rocket" rine kukura 27 X 5 x 4.5 m, pamwe weboka 1,1 mamita iri rakachengetedzwa, panguva simbe nguva - 1,8 M unladen misha iri mudziyo -. 18, mune yazara - 25.3. A chikepe kungaita ari kumhanya 70 km / h, asi pamutemo - kubva 60 kusvika 65 km / h. imwe hwindimiri uye chikuru injini yakatarwa kuti 900-1000 zvapano simba akapa pamasikiro.

Zvinofadza

Chikepe "Rocket" - harisi chete chigadzirwa asi rose series, raparurwa mukurima munguva Soviet Union. Projects hwokuvakira midziyo iyi vainzi:

• 340ME;
• 340;
• 340E.

Takatanga kubudisa motokari muna 1957. Kugadzirwa wavo akaramba kusvikira pamusoro nemakore 70s. Panguva iyi, mvura kwakatangwa anenge mazana matatu zvikepe kuti rwizi senga gadziriro. Chokutanga izvi raiva zita wokufananidzira "Rocket-1." kuvaka wayo zvakakodzera kudada fekitari "Red Sormovo".

Chikepe "Rocket-1" akaita wokutanga rwendo muna 1957, zvakanga kwakatangwa musi August 25. The nzira akamhanya pakati Kazan uye Nizhny Novgorod. mudziyo Total akakunda 420 makiromita mvura pamusoro vamwe nomwe o'clock! Chinhu icho akaratidza chikepe "Rocket" nokurondedzerwa, akaparadza mupfungwa vanhuwo zvavo. 30 rombo vakundi vakava vanhu avo kokutanga nenzira pfupi nguva pamusoro mvura vakakwanisa kuita zvinonakidza rwendo.

Present uye ramangwana

Sezvo chikepe "Rocket" (chikepe nokukurumidza - 70 km / h) akaratidza izvozvo vakaisvonaka zvokusarudza, nokukurumidza izvozvo akawana mukurumbira. Zita mudziyo munyika inenge pakarepo akava shoko imba. tsika iyi richiripo nanhasi - nhasi "zvombo" zita zvikepe zvose kuti kufanana ainakidza chikepe yeSoviet.

Munguva Soviet, rwizi chikepe "Rocket" akanga kuwanika harusi vose. mhuri Wealthy nezvaaigona rwendo kuti kupera kwevhiki imwe akanaka munharaunda: asi vezvikepe vakauya vatakurwi kune mashiripiti bays uye coves zviri dzisingambosvikiki avo vaifamba netsoka. Asi mutengo kwakadaro rwendo nokuruma. Somuenzaniso, zvitima zvakanga zvaigoneka kuenda chete chinhambwe kubva guta riri isingadhuri mune dzimwe nguva. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanaka mvura zvinotivaraidza kuti mhuri yose, pane chikepe "Rocket", vaifungidzira zvakanga hazvitomboiti.

Nhasi chikepe ichi uye kushandiswa zuva nezuva. Somuenzaniso, unogona kuonekwa kurwizi ravarwi Nizhny Novgorod. Zuva ngarava akatendeka kutungamidza vakatakurwa pakati maguta ndokukungurusira vashanyi pamusoro karwendo pakutengeserana.

Capital "Rocket"

Projects zvikepe kamwe sechinoitika zvirongwa, izvo vanofanira kuvaka mvura raanoziva nokuti guta guru Soviet - Moscow. Naizvozvo yakagadzirirwa avo Vavaki vengarava iyoyo zvakanaka. Saizvozvowo, rekukwazisa yokutanga "Rocket-1" panongovira chikepe yaiva guta guru mariri kwakatangwa. ndege yayo yokutanga kwakaitika muna 1957 mumwedzi yokupisa kana guta inoshandiswa mutambo yakatsaurirwa kuna vadzidzi uye vechidiki. Chaiva chiitiko dzakawanda, apo hurumende vachienda kuratidza zvakanakisisa pane muSoviet Union. Uye nedare rengarava Chokwadi, zvakare.

Misa hydrofoils vakatanga kushanda mumvura Moscow chete pakutanga gumi anotevera, apo iye aiva zvakakodzera kubudirira kusvikira 2006. Uye kubva 2007, hurumende yakatanga pamwero mukuru chirongwa kudzosa kure negungwa gang chokufambisa, kunyanya mupaka "zvombo". Kubvira 2009, nguva ndege kuti zvikepe zvina akadai:

• 102 (chete VIP ndege);
• 185;
• 191 (kare toyambutsa sezvo maminitsi 244);
• 246.

Ndibatsireiwo mabhuku vanoti nokukurumidza kuchava nemamwe hydrofoils pamusoro kunozivikanwa mabasa Soviet - panongovira rakapedzwa basa kudzorerwa michina.

General unhu

Hydrofoil ari rokutsanya chikepe, iyo inoshanda panheyo rutsigiro guru. Ngarava ine Hull, uye akaronga "mapapiro" pasi. Kana chikepe kunoita zvishoma nezvishoma kana anomira, pachiyero inopiwa buoyancy simba. Kana nokusimudza pakati pakukurumidza kuwedzera kunoitika pamusoro simba mvura pamusoro, izvo kutsamwisa mapapiro. zvakagadzirwa ichi akabvumira kuti kuderedza mvura nemishonga, iyo kunokanganisa nokukurumidza.

River anoona Water Transport nemapapiro akaita chii kare zvaiita zvisingabviri - nokukurumidza swimming pamwe mvura arteries munyika. Zvino rwendo kwaiva kusiya mukati maawa, zvoita kuti nokukurumidza kuwedzera kukurumbira yokufambisa. Panguva iyoyowo zvikepe zvinoitika chipa kuti ishande, uye vanoonekwa ne upenyu basa refu. Zvose izvi rava panobva makwikwi, saka kuti kubva nguva vanotanga nhasi marudzi "mapapiro" mvura chokufambisa - chikuru mukwikwidzi kune dzimwe nzira yokufamba.

Neraketnye "Missiles"

"Rocket" akava motokari iyi mhando kwete chete. Zvakange akaita pakuparurwa remvura muganhu iri rwizi chikepe zvikepe vokutanga, uye kwegore akaenda nendege hydrofoil chikepe "Volga". Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, yakaratidza panguva kweBrussels kuratidzwa, uye hazvishamisi; chikepe wakagona ndarama menduru.

Mvura pashure yokutanga "Meteor" (imwe analogue of "Rockets") uye zvadaro "kometi", iro rakava rokutanga mugungwa nzvimbo ichi kwemakore maviri mhando chikepe. Kwemakore, vazhinji vakaona chiedza "The Gaviota", "vortex" uye "Satellites". Pakupedzisira, chakaderedzwa mutengo korablestroitelstva munzvimbo iyi inogona kunzi chikepe "Petrel" - yakakwana gasi turbine chikepe.

Kuzvikudza Soviet Union

The Soviet Union yakanga kupfuura nehwaro zvikepe pamusoro hydrofoils, uye munzira dzakawanda akanga nechokwadi chokuti kwebhuku "Rocket" zvakanaka kwazvo. Asi nyika haina kushandisa pachayo zvose zvakaitwa: rokutengesa vakanga tweaked ngarava mhiri kwemakungwa makwara. Total "Missiles" kutengeswa dhazeni kunyika dzakasiyana siyana.

chikepe magadzirirwo pasi mvura nemapapiro ainyanya apindura Rostislav Alekseev. "Rocket" - ndeimwe zvinokosha zvinoita kuti kudada. Ngarava, yakagadzirirwa nzira kusvikira makiromita mazana mashanu, zvakazara wakarurama mari inenge yashandiswa mariri uye inoramba rikwezve nhasi.

mukugadzira zvakakomba

Kana chikepe "Rocket" vakaratidza kwazvo zvokusarudza dzavo, rikaratidzwa kuvimbika, uye zvakava pachena kuti vane zvakawanda tarisiro, hurumende yakasarudza kutanga vakawanda kugadzirwa motokari idzi. Basa rakanga vakachengeteswa fekitari "Gungwa", iri Feodosiya. Zvishoma Kwapera akakwanisa kumisa kugadzirwa ngarava zvinotevera mumaguta:

• Leningrad;
• Khabarovsk;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Volgograd.

Zvakanzi vakarongawo kugadzirwa pamusoro munharaunda Georgia, muguta waPotifari.

Yakabudiswa zvikepe aivigirwa kuti:

• Finland;
• Romania;
• Lithuania;
• China;
• Germany.

Uye nhasi, "Rockets" pinda dzimwe nyika izvi. Ngarava dzakawanda pakupedzisira kutendeuka kuva bindu, resitorendi, rokubika.

Uye sezvo akasikirwa?

Kutarisa kuti chikepe vakava anobudirira, kunotozongoita zvinoita sokuti hurumende iri kurongwa. Asi zvakanga zviri chokwadi? Basa yakazokudziridzwa pasi pokudzora Bazi Shipbuilding, mari neHurumende - ichi chinhu zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi. Asi nhoroondo mishumo inoratidza kuti zvinotarisirwa chaivo uye tariro vakuru vane mienzaniso izvi haana zvakabatana. Izvi zvakanga kukonzerwa kune vasiri mureza pfungwa dzakadaro - aitya kuti aigona zvose kupiswa. Uye ichi yaiva nguva apo zviri nyore chaizvo kuti tirambe "kunzwisiswa", vakakoniwa kungova kuva chigumburo, asi kutungamirira kuparara zvachose.

Mukuedza kuita zvatinogona, kwakajeka Soviet shipbuilder Rostislav Alexeyev akabuda kunonyanyisa - kugadzira uye kuvaka ngarava uye tichiriratidza haisi munhu zvakadaro, asi kamwe Khrushchev pachake, ndiko, mukuru zvose repasi chechetere zviremera. Izvi urongwa ushingiwo aiva wokukunda uye rakatangwa muna chirimo cha1957. Ngarava "pamapapiro" chikamupenyera pamusoro Moscow River, uye chainge chakasungirirwa pane Marina asingashumbi, asi apo kazhinji aifarira kumisa Secretary General. Alexeev pachake akakoka Nikita Khrushchev mundege. Saka vakatanga dzinoshambira, izvo akabvumira chikepe kuva ngano. Kunyange ipapo, chikuru chiso nyika kuongorora chii akakonzera nokuyemurwa muvateereri zvokubata motokari zvose. Hongu, uye Munyori General akafadzwa pakukurumidza. Panguva iyoyo rokuti akaberekwa, akachengetedzwa kuzvibereko: "Zvakwana vedu pamusoro penzizi mombe tasva! Tichavaka! ".

History hazvirevi kuguma

Hongu, "Missiles" dzakanga dzakakurumbira, vaiva kuzvikudza rudzi, kudiwa, kuzivikanwa, vanoyemurwa, kuti kubhadhara mari. Asi sezvo nguva yakafamba, zvishoma nezvishoma zvikepe ave isashande. Chokwadi, nguva yokutanga ivo kwakagadzirwa, asi kana rokunyika Union akaenda "downhill" haana kusvikira ngarava. Technical obsolescence uye rwizi chokufambisa chete akakura. Pane imwe nguva zvaiita kuti ramangwana mirayiridzo iyi anoita hapana chokufambisa, kanenge kwete gumi anotevera.

Uye makore mashoma apfuura takatanga chirongwa ndiponesezve zvakanakisisa zvikepe Soviet Union - "Missiles". Uye pamwe chete navo kwakasarudzwa mari mu "kometi" uye "Meteora". Pasinei asi akaoma zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, hurumende akatadza govera mari yebasa kuvandudza chokufambisa uye mazuvaano ngarava zvinodiwa nguva yedu. Purogiramu chaiyo yambokurukurwa, zvakagadzirirwa kutsigira Court nemapapiro pasi mvura. Zvakava kukosha 2016, apo chikepe "kometi 120M" chaiva kuti aratidze kuti kutamburira haana kuenda zvidimbu.

Asi "Rocket" aripo pakutanga?

Zvino vanhu vashoma rangarira nezvazvo, asi "Rocket" akanga asiri kuedza kutanga kusika ichi mhando yokufambisa. varo vaiva kukura pamberi, kunoratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kuita zvakanaka kuita nokukurumidza nokuisa pemapapiro pasi Hull. Pfungwa mudziyo yakadaro akaberekwa XIX remakore!

Seiko chero musoro kuvaka isati chinoitwa Alexeyev? chiutsi injini First dzakashandiswa, riri nani yakaganhurirwa chinzvimbo. Havatombofariri zvakakwana kukudziridza nokumhanya panguva iyo mapapiro vaitova kwaizova chinobatsira. Naizvozvo, panguva iyoyo Danho zvose dzakaguma nezviroto uye zvekungofungira "sezvo inogona kuva." Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga nguva yaifadza: dzose vateereri akaona mhando itsva zvose zvivako, uye haritauri kuti nemamiriro, zvikepe kuisa zvinyorwa, asi mwedzi yakapfuura - uye atemwa nechekare mudziyo mutsva. Nhangemutange zvaiita zvisingaperi. In vanhu, wokutanga chikepe akashongedzerwa namapapiro pasi mvura, inonzi "datya". Kunyange Zvaaifamba nokukurumidza, asi hopped pamusoro mvura pamusoro uye chaiva kusagadzikana.

High-nokukurumidza rengarava: aiva sei?

Muna 1941, munyika Nizhny Novgorod (izvo pamazuva iwayo yainzi Gorky) chinyorwa akanga akadzivirira panguva Industrial Institute, yakatsaurirwa kuna giraidha nemapapiro pasi mvura. Munyori basa iri rakanga Rostislav Alekseev - uyo "ane mhepo" ramangwana atasve Khrushchev muMoscow.

The vanodhirowa akaratidza kwazvo basa muchikepe kumhanya unongotaura. Yaifanira kushanda papfungwa, kare haisati dzaunzwa kuupenyu. Nyika iyoyo nyore hariko chinhu chakadaro. Iti kuti vatongi neromuromo - Saka, uye kwete hafu nokuratidza kufarira kwavo uye kushamisika.

Opportunities uye Rumhangapanga

A kosi dhipuroma Waiitwa Alekseeva "kugonesesa" uye akafuridzira kuti kubudisa gwaro umo zvinganaka kuunza basa kuupenyu. Gwaro akatumirwa Navy uye vakagamuchira nokukurumidza kupindura kundikana redunhu zvisingagamuchirwi uye asingafariri zvakakomba vagadziri.

Adult babamunini muSoviet Navy mukati igrushechki haana taitamba! Zvakanaka taizosaina pakupera munhu panzvimbo kumeso kuti wechiduku injiniya rokuti: ". Uri mberi nguva yaro"

Kana rutsungiriro akahwina kusatenda

Vamwe vangadai varega pakarepo kubudikidza Rostislav: paiva hondo, pakanga pasina mari, mamiriro acho ezvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akanga akaoma, uye chii vanotyisidzira ramangwana uye zvose zvakanga zvisingaiti kufungidzira. Asi muduku nyanzvi haana kuda kurega. Ndakapfuura gore kubva kusiya tsamba, uye ikozvino Alekseev akaita kuonana Krylov, mukuru Mugadziri mupudzi, specialized mumvura senga. Murume uyu akachenjera, inokwanisa kutarisa remangwana uye akaona vanodhirowa pakati chakonzerwa okugadzira budiriro zvinhu uye aida kutarisa kwavari kunyatsotevera. Akatevera akawanda kutorarama hondo kwemakore uye nguva pfupi pashure pacho. Zvakawanda vatsoropodzi vakatsoropodza rokuvaka, ari mainjiniya vakashanda pariri nesimba. Uye muna 1957, pakupedzisira akasvika hunyatsobudirira.

Ngarava idzva akasangana kutsanya uye pakarepo pashure vakaenda guru, sezvineiwo - munguva dzakawanda pamutambo, waiva kushanyira musoro wehurumende. Mumaawa 14 chete, ngarava akasvika muchimiro, apo basa panguva rwizi magwa kufukidza kure ichi anenge matatu mazuva. Asi sei nyaya yakatanga mberi, kare munoziva.

Ari kumirira Alekseev kukunda yakadaro? Zvimwe hungu. Kunyange zvazvo rapanzvimbo mberi zvakanga zvakaoma zvokufungidzira. Ko isu kumirira kudzoka zvino achiudza "Rocket" pamusoro waterways venyika yedu? Pasina mubvunzo, hungu. Ngarava iyi inokosha munhau uye nyika nhaka, uye nawo rakaisvonaka motokari, kushanda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.