Panfilovtsy. The feat of Panfilov heroes munguva yeGreat Patriotic War

Nhoroondo yeGreat Patriotic War yakazara nemashizha. Zvisinei, mumakore makumi manomwe apfuura kubva muZuva Rokukunda, zvakawanda zvekunyengera zvakaratidzwa, uyewo nenyaya dzokuti zvimwe zviitiko zvakaitika sei zvinomutsa kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekuvimbika kwavo. Pakati pavo, the feat of 28 Panfilovites, iyo inotaurwa munziyo yeMoscow uye iyo inopfuura kamwechete inova nheyo yezviitiko zvemafirimu.

Prehistory

Mumwedzi yekutanga mushure mekutanga kweHondo yePatriotic War , 316th Infantry Division yakaumbwa mumataundi eFununze neAlma-Ata , yakarayirwa nemukuru mukuru wemauto weKirghiz SSR, Major-General IV Panfilov. Pakupera kwaAugust 1945, izvi zvehondo zvakagadzirwa zvakava chikamu chehondo yakashanda uye yakatumirwa mberi pamberi peNovgorod. Mwedzi miviri gare gare akaendeswa kunharaunda yeVolokolamsk uye akarayirwa kuti atore nzvimbo yakachengetedza yakareba 40 km. Masoja ePanfilov's division aifanira kuramba achienderera mberi nharo dzinopisa. Uye chete muvhiki yekupedzisira yaOctober 1941 vakagumburwa ndokupiswa makumi mapfumbamwe emazana emidziyo yevavengi, uye muvengi akarasika vanopfuura 9 000 mauto nemauto.

Kuparadzanisa pasi pekuraira kwePanfilov kwaive nekugadzirwa kwezvombo zviviri zvezvombo. Mukuwedzera, iye akanga ari pasi pekambani imwe yerangi. Zvisinei, imwe yemitemo yayo yekutasva mabhiza yakanga isina kugadzirirwa, sezvo yakaumbwa nguva pfupi isati yaendeswa mberi. MaPanfilovites, sezvaakazonzi muSoviet press, aipikiswa nechetatu nhatu uye mhirizhonga imwe ye Wehrmacht. Vavengi vakaramba vachienda kunotyisa musi waOctober 15.

Panfilov's feat pedyo neMoscow: iyo yeSoviet nguva

Imwe yenhau dzakakurumbira dzeSoviet dzenyika dzakatanga panguva yeGreat Patriotic War, inotaura nezvezvakaitika paDubosekovo, iyo inonzi yakaitika musi waNovember 16, 1941. Kwenguva yekutanga akaonekwa mupepanhau rinonzi "Red Star", mune imwe nyanzvi yakatarisana naV V. Koroteyev. Maererano neizvi, vanhu 28 vakanga vari chikamu chechina kambani yechipiri yehondo ye1075th regiment yakarayirwa nemudzidzisi wezvematongerwo enyika V. Klochkov, munguva yekutyisa kwemaawa mana, 18 matani emadhora akaparadzwa. Vanenge vose vakafa muhondo isina kukodzera. Nyaya yacho yaivawo nemutsara uyo, maererano naKoroteev, vasati vafa, Klochkov akati: "Huru ndiRussia, asi hapana nzvimbo yekudzokera - shure kweMoscow!"

Izvo zvinoshandiswa makumi mana makumi maviri nemana panfilovites: nhau yeimwe nhema

Zuva rakatevera nyaya yekutanga mu "Red Star" rakabudiswa mashoko pasi pekunyorwa kwa A. Yu Krivitsky, ane kodzero se "Testamende yevane gumi vane simba", izvo mutori wenhau akadana chete Panfilovites. Izvo zvemauto nevadzidzisi vavo vezvematongerwe enyika zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama, asi bhuku racho harina kutaura mazita evatori vechiitiko mune zviitiko. Vakatanga kuuya kumutsara chete musi waJanuary 22, apo zvose zvakafanana Krivitsky vakataura kushandiswa kwePanfilovites muchinyorwa chinobudiswa, achitaura semuoni wezviitiko izvozvo. Zvinonakidza kuti Izvestiya akanyora pamusoro pehondo pedyo neVolokolamsk musi waNovember 19 uye akangoti 9 podbitsyh matangi uye 3 akapisa.

Nhau yemakwikwi avo panguva yekurasikirwa kweupenyu vakadzivirira guta guru rakavhundutsa vanhu veSoviet nemauto akarwisana pamativi ose, uye murairo weWestern Front yakagadzirira chikumbiro chakataurirwa kuvanhu veCommissionar of Defence kuti ive yakakodzera kuvarwi makumi masere vakashinga vanotaurwa munyaya ya A. Krivitsky, Magamba eSoviet Union. Somugumisiro, musi waJuly 21, 1942, Mutungamiri weChipupuriro cheMakurukota eZimbabwe akaisa mutemo.

Kuzivisa Zvakasvibiswa

Iko kare muna 1948, kutsvakurudza kukuru kwakaitwa, kwakagadziriswa kusimbisa kana ye feat 28 Panfilovs chaiyo yaitika zvechokwadi. Chikonzero chacho ndechekuti gore rakapfuura muKharkov, mumwe munhu IE Dobrobabin akasungwa. Akaendeswa kururamisiro nemashoko okuti "kupandukira", sezvo vaongorori vehofisi yemushuchisi weuto vakawana chokwadi chisina chokwadi chokuti munguva yehondo akazvipira nokuzvipira ndokupinda mubasa revanhu vanogara. Kunyanya, zvaive zvichigoneka kusimbisa kuti uyu aimbova mapurisa muna 1941 akanga ari mubato muhondo kuDusesekovo kuyambuka. Uyezve, zvakaitika kuti iye naDobrobabin, vanotaurwa munyaya yaKrivitsky, mumwe chete uye munhu mumwechete, uye akazotevera akapiwa musoro weHerme. Kupfuurira mberi kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kuongorora zvose zvakataurwa munyaya dzaive apo kushandiswa kwePanfilovites pedyo neMoscow kwakatsanangurwa, nekunyengera. Zvinhu zvakaratidzwa zvakaumbwa chikonzero chechibvumirano chakasainwa neChina Purezidhendi Mukuru weU.S. G. Safonov, iyo yakaendeswa kuna A. A. Zhdanov musi waJune 11, 1948.

Kugunun'una muzvinyorwa

Zvigumisiro zvekutsvakurudza, izvo zvakakonzera kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pokuti chokwadi chePanfilovites muchimiro chinotsanangurwa mumabhuku eKrasnaya Zvezda, chakaitika zvirokwazvo, haana kupinda muSoviet press. Muna 1966 chete mu "Nyika Itsva" yakaonekwa nyaya yekutanga pamusoro pehondo dzaNovember dzeDubosekovo. Mariri, munyori akakumbira kudzidza zvokwadi pamusoro pevanaani vaPanfilovites, avo vaida kutsanangurwa mumabhuku ose ezvakaitika kare. Zvisinei, nyaya iyi haina kuendeswa mberi muSoviet press kusvikira kutanga kweperestroika, apo zviuru zvemabhuku ezvinyorwa zvakaiswa pachena, kusanganisira zviitiko zvekutsvaga kwema1948, izvo zvakasimbisa kuti kushandiswa kwemasimba aPanfilov kunongova nhoroondo yezvinyorwa.

Ndeipi nhamba 28 yakabva kupi?

Chiedza chekuti sei uye nei muna 1941 pane kupesana kwechokwadi pamusoro pePanfilov varwi vanoisa rugwaro rwekubvunzurudzwa kwekanyori yaKoroteyev. Kunyanya, anotaura kuti paakadzoka kubva mberi akataura pamusoro pehondo yeChishanu yeChishanu yeChitatu Infantry Division, iyo yakawira pahondo uye haina kupa nzvimbo dzayo kumugadziri weRed Star. Akamubvunza kuti vangani varwi vaivapo, uye Koroteev, uyo aiziva kuti akanga asina pasi, akapindura kuti 30-40, achiwedzera kuti iye pachake akanga asiri mu 1075th Rifle Regiment, sezvo zvaisakwanisa kupinda munzvimbo yake. Mukuwedzera, akataura kuti, maererano nehupfumi hwezvematongerwe enyika kubva kune regiment, mauto maviri akaedza kuzvipira, asi akafurirwa nemasikana avo. Nokudaro, zvakasarudzwa kuparidzira mufananidzo 28 uye kunyora chete nezvemumwe wevarume ve smalodushnichavshim. Saka pakanga pane nhoroondo uye inofananidzira "yakaparara, yose seyese, Panfilovites," iyo yakashandiswa zvakaitwa munhetembo nenziyo.

Maonero kune feat

Nhasi iyo inonyomba kurwisana pamusoro pekuti maPanfilovites aiva ma heroes. Izvo neyese iyo mauto e 316th Infantry Division, avo vakatendeka vachizadzisa basa ravo munaNovember 1941, ndeyechokwadi, sezvakakosha zvikuru mukuziva kuti mauto eSoviet haana kubvumira vaparidzi vevaFascist kuenda kune guta guru reamai vedu. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti chokwadi pakati pekupiwa kwacho kwaiva vatengesi chinhu chinosemesa kukurangarira varosi vechokwadi vasina kuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo kuitira kuti vawane kukunda kukuru, iro remakore makumi manomwe iro rava kuda kupembererwa nevanhu vose vasingatambudziki kubva mune zvakaitika kare.