Inotungamirwa, Secondary dzidzo uye zvikoro

Australia: zviwanikwa uye kushandiswa kwawo

Commonwealth pamusoro Australia ndiyo nyika chete kuti anopindura imwe kondinendi yose. Zvine zvazvinoita zviwanikwa zviri Australia? Details pamusoro upfumi munyika uye kushandiswa kwawo inokurukurwa gare gare munyaya.

jogirafi

Nyika iri pamusoro kondinendi imwe iri zvachose riri kumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Kuwedzera yakaoma, Australia zvinosanganisirawo zvimwe zvitsuwa, kusanganisira Tasmania. State Mahombekombe Ndashambidza ne Pacific uye Indian mumakungwa uye makungwa.

By nharaunda, nyika pokutanga wechitanhatu munyika, asi somunhu kondinendi Australia iduku. Pamwe vakawanda archipelagos uye zvitsuwa zviri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero Pacific, anoumba venyika Australia uye Oceania.

Nyika riri mu subequatorial, dzinopisa uye subtropical zvikamu zviri chitsuwa Tasmania iri munzvimbo dzinodziya mapazi. Nokuda chinokosha kure nemamwe makondinendi ekunze ari Australia runotsamira kwazvo munyanza dzenzvimbo. Nharaunda yacho kunyanya mapani, makomo dziri chete kumabvazuva. About 20% of nzvimbo inogarwa mumarenje.

Australia: zviwanikwa uye mamiriro

Geographical remoteness uye hasha ezvinhu chakakonzera kuti paumbwe imwe nedzimwe hunhu. Deserted nechepakati kumatunhu yacho dzinoturwa dzisinganayi steppes, izvo akafukidzwa yakaderera nemiti. Refu nzara iri alternated pamwe kwenguva refu mapopoma.

Inoomesera zvinhu vakabatsira kuti paumbwe omunzvimbo mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara anokosha mano kubata unyoro uye kukunda mukuru tembiricha. In Australia, kumusha marsupials zhinji, mhuka, uye zvinomera simba midzi pasi pevhu.

Kumadokero uye kuchamhembe nzvimbo ezvinhu manyoro. The mwando inoiswa monsoons, kunoita paumbwe dzinopisa gobvu masango nemapani. Recent zvinopa mafuro wakanakisisa nokuda namakwai.

Marine zviwanikwa zviri Australia uye Oceania havasi kure shure. The Sea Coral ndiye Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri nzvimbo inozivikanwa kuti 345,000 mativi makiromita. On the the reef inogarwa anopfuura 1000 mhando hove, gungwa nenjiva, crustaceans. Kunokwezva Sharks, Dolphins uye shiri.

Water pfuma

The driest map - ndiye Australia. Zviwanikwa zviri muchimiro nzizi uye madhamu akapa chaizvo zvishoma pano. Vanopfuura 60% of kondinendi vari undrained. River Murray (kureba - 2375 kilometers) pamwe rechibharo Goulburn, Darling uye Murrumbidgee vaiona pakukura.

nzizi Most dzinofambiswa nokuda mvura, vari kazhinji maduku uye seduku kukura. In akaoma nguva hwaoma kunyange Murray, achiumba munhu mira madziva. Kunyange zvakadaro, vabati vechibharo dzayo dzose, uye maoko zvakavakwa madhamu, dykes uye reservoirs.

Australian madhamu vari dzegirini duku, umo nechepasi akaturikidzana muri munyu. Ivo, kufanana rwizi, vakazadzwa mvura mvura, havatani kupwa panze uye havana abudise. Naizvozvo, ufanane madhamu ari kondinendi iri kuramba kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi. The madhamu pakukura ndivo Air, Gregory, Lake Gairdner.

chicherwa pfuma

Kwete nzvimbo wokupedzisira munyika reserves zvicherwa zvinotora Australia. Zviwanikwa izvi mhando vachishingaira mined munyika. Munzvimbo pasherefu uye kumahombekombe muzvitsuwa dzokubvisa negasi uye mafuta, kumabvazuva - marasha. Country zvakare akapfuma ores vasiri ferrous nesimbi uye non-esimbi zvicherwa (semuenzaniso, jecha, asbestos, Mika, ivhu, reraimu).

Australia, kuti zviwanikwa zviri kunyanya chicherwa hunhu, vaitungamirira uwandu mined bauxite uye zirconium. Zviri rimwe reserves enyika uranium exchange, manganese uye marasha. Kumadokero chikamu, uye pachitsuwa Tasmania raiva nechigadziko simbi, zingi, sirivha, kutungamirira uye mhangura nemigodhi.

Gold deposits vanoparadzirwa zvinenge zvose pamusoro kondinendi, muuto kupfuura vari kumaodzanyemba-rokumadokero chikamu. Australia nezvi- mabwe anokosha, kusanganisira mangoda, opals. Kune vanenge 90% kubva romugove enyika opals. The ibwe guru pane zvakawanikwa muna 1989, zvakanga ndikamuyerera vanopfuura 20 000 carats.

dondo pfuma

Animal uye chirimwa zviwanikwa kweAustralia nevamwe. Vazhinji mhando vari endemic, kuti aripo chete panzvimbo ino. Pakati inozivikanwa zvikuru miti Eucalyptus, izvo pane vanenge 500 marudzi. Zvisinei, hakusi zvose anozvikudza Australia.

Zviwanikwa munyika vanomirirwa masango subtropical. Zvisinei, anogara 2 chete% yendima uye dziri murwizi mumipata. Nokuda wakaoma okunze ari chirimwa nyika dzaitongwa kwemvura-kushivirira mhando: Succulents, nemiakasia, zvimwe zviyo. In zvakawanda nyorovera kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu hofori Eucalyptus miti kukura, remichindwe, bamboos, Mangroves, rabha zvirimwa.

vamiririri fauna of muAustralia pane anenge mazana maviri nezviviri, 80% zvacho endemic. Anowanzoramba vaigara kangaruru, emu, ari Tasmanian dhiabhorosi, hofori egwavava, platypus, dingo, kubhururuka gava, nyoka nechipfira, koala, Cuza nevamwe. Pazuva kondinendi uye pedyo zvitsuwa zviri inogarwa zhinji eshiri (Lyrebirds, dema swans, shiri paradhiso, cockatoos), nezvinokambaira uye zvinokambaira (tetepa-snouted garwe, dema, frilled, ingwe nyoka).