Seven kambora hwemashiripiti kuMiddle Ages

At mwoyo European Ages tsika kuisa kwetunhu chiKristu, nhaka yekare uye mazita ari fuza avanhu. Maitiro zviri yaitonga - kuramba experiential ruzivo zvakasikwa uye munhu zvakananga, uye yokutanga dzechitendero dzidziso. Pamusana kusimbisa tsananguro yechiKristu zvakasikwa uye kurega kunotanga remakore mazhinji Sciences V kuna XIV anowanzonyorwa vachinzi "rima." Zvisinei, kunyange iri nguva richikura ruzivo kwevanhu munyika, anopfuurira, kunyange ari kuchinjwa zvikuru chimiro, yeGirisi Roman netsika dzidzo, kuchine "worupo Arts nomwe".

Panobva zivo

Kutanga yeMiddle Ages vaiona kuwa Western hweRoma muzana V remakore. Sezvinotarisirwa, hwava marudzi uye States vakabvuma yakawanda yakazaruka, huve nechinangwa uye zvakasikwa munguva Antiquity. Kwakanga kusina Kusara uye nheyo yedzidzo ino: kurangwa, izvo, maererano vaGiriki vekare uye vaRoma, zvaikoshawo somunhu regadziriro danho kuti inotanga kudzidza uzivi. Seven vakasununguka musekiwa zvaisanganisira girama dialectic (pfungwa), kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, svomhu, geometry, mumhanzi uye zvenyeredzi. nhatu dzokutanga dzakanga kubatanidzwa kupinda trivium - wegadziriro nevanhu. Svomhu, geometry, mumhanzi uye zvenyeredzi vaiva quadrivium - zvina masvomhu anoranga.

Makarekare

Quadrivium akatora chimiro munguva mukupera kare. Huru sainzi inokurukura svomhu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva Greece yekare uye Roma, worupo Arts makirasi vaya vasingagoni kuita varanda. Vakanga chete chokuita basa pfungwa uye haana zvinoda chaizvo nesimba. By uri umwe asingadi kunzwisisa mifananidzo maonero enyika, uye nzira yokunzwisisa hunhu kuburikidza pakuongorora.

Trivium pakupedzisira kuumbwa Papera, mu vokutanga Middle Ages. Rakanga wokutanga padanho dzidzo. Chete pashure pokudzidza trivium anoranga Yaigona kusvika quadrivium.

Church uye nhaka yekare

In yeMiddle Ages, panguva mwoyo wezvose zivo uye kunzwisisa nyika akarara chiKristu. Vatungamiriri vechitendero vaishora kutenda kuti chikonzero, achisarudza rokutanga. Zvisinei, zhinji pfungwa nedzidziso yaisagona kutsanangurwa pasina kushandisa zvimwe zvinhu uzivi yekare.

Kekutanga kuti nokubatanidza yeGirisi Roman ruzivo uye kunzwisisa dzechiKristu munyika ndakaedza Martianus Capella. In bhuku rake "On kuroora Philology uye Mercury" worupo Arts manomwe akakamurwa trivium uye kvadrivy. Capella akataura muchidimbu pamusoro dzose anoranga zvaisanganisira munyika. Trivium akarondedzera kokutanga.

Pakuzadzisa ari trivium uye quadrivium zvaisanganisira Boethius uye Cassiodorus (VI remakore). Masayendisiti Vose vakabatsirawo chaizvo kukura dzidzo wemuTesitamende Ages. Boethius yakatanga nheyo yepamusoro nzira. Cassiodorus panzvimbo yake kuchamuka kuItaly akavamba "musha", zvikamu iyo - kuchikoro, raibhurari uye scriptorium (nzvimbo mabhuku zvakakopwa), - akazova fanira mune dzemamongi chivako.

rupawo rechitendero

Seven kambora hwemashiripiti kuMiddle Ages nevafundisi vaidzidzisa uye atanga maererano nezvaidiwa kereke. The vanotongwa nokudzidza pane zvachero - chete pachiyero riri anodiwa kunzwisisa Christian dzidziso uye kutarisira mabasa. All nomwe sunungukei hwemashiripiti kuMiddle Ages nokuenzanisa nechinangwa inoshanda chaizvo uye ari panzvimbo yakamanikana mitemo:

• Zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe chinodiwa pakugadzirira magwaro chechi uye mharidzo vachinyora;

• girama anodzidziswa kunzwisisa magwaro Latin;

• dialectic achingopiwa chakarongwa pfungwa uye dzatinogona nyaya yokutenda;

• Vaidzidzisa chepuraimari svomhu nhoroondo uye rakashandiswa mubishi yokududzira shamisa nhamba;

• geometry waida kuti mufanidzo temberi;

• Music kunokosha achigadzirira uye kuuraya chechi mumhanzi;

• Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi inoshandiswa kuverenga mazuva mazororo echitendero.

Education in Ages

Mukutanga Middle Ages vakasununguka Arts vanomwe akadzidza chete yemamongi kuzvikoro. Unorema vemo akaramba kuverenga. Kwouzivi nhaka kare kwainzi anenge hwaro dzidziso dzakatsauka zhinji, uye saka nyaya dzokudzidza wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika apa pfungwa. Zvisinei, muna scriptorium nokungwarira zvakakopwa kwete chete ndima dzechiKristu, asi rinoshandawo, nhetembo uye uzivi, vanyori vekare. Dzemamongi vaiva munhare dzidzo uye ruzivo rwesayenzi.

Zvinhu zvakatanga kuchinja mune X remakore. Sezvo izvi remakore vakatanga nguva maruva Ages nemagariro (X-XV emakore.). It kunoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kufarira munyika zvoupenyu, kune munhu munhu. Kune Cathedral chikoro, vakatora kwete chete vafundisi, asi vanhuwo zvavo. In XI-XII CC. pane mumayunivhesiti vokutanga. Cultural upenyu zvishoma nezvishoma ochinja dzemamongi uye machechi ari dzomumaguta nzvimbo.

Transitional Danho pakati izvi nguva maviri anogona kunzi sezvo nguva Carolingian Renaissance.

Seven kambora musekiwa pasi Charlemagne

By Pakupera VIII remakore. VechiFrank Hurumende yakabatana yakakura nzvimbo Western Europe. kukwirira kwayo, umambo yakasvika paitonga Karla Velikogo. King aiziva kuti vagumirwe zvinogona kudzorwa chete paakasika munhu zvakanaka kushanda chikwata vakuru. Naizvozvo, Karl Veliky akasarudza kurishandura kuti aivapo dzidzo hurongwa.

At ose wemamongi nekereke dzose vakatanga kuvhura zvikoro nevafundisi. Vamwe vakadzidziswa uye pevamwe. Chirongwa yaisanganisira zvakawanda Arts nomwe. kunzwisisa kwavo, zvisinei, vachiri chete zvinodiwa nechechi.

Karl Veliky akakoka vakadzidza vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, sangano nokuda chikoro mudare, apo nhetembo, zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, zvenyeredzi uye vakadzidza dialectic vavakuru.

Carolingian kumutsidzirwa kwakaguma norufu mambo, asi aiva riwedzere nokuda pakuzadzisa European tsika.

Seven kambora hwemashiripiti kuMiddle Ages, sezvakunoitwa kare, vakanga vari pamwoyo dzidzo. Zvisinei, ivo vaiona, chete mukati yakamanikana yechinangwa kushanda nezvinodiwa chechi yechiKristu.