Ndezvipi mhuka? Zvimwe zvinoitwa kupatsanura

The mhuka nyika yakatipota iri siyana zvikuru. Flying, zvinokambaira, kushambira, achifamba uye kumhanya kumativi: "chisikwa chose pamusoro vaviri," yakanyorwa muBhaibheri. Uye vangani "zvisikwa" izvi, uye chii vari mhuka dzinofamba panyika, mune mhepo uye mvura, verenga nyaya ino.

Sayenzi mhuka kupatsanura

Pane sainzi, systematizing vose vagere biosphere. Inonzi taxonomy uye anosarudza izvo mhuka. Science anokwanisa kuwana kubva ukuru relatedness pakati zvipenyu, izvo hapasi kuva nemhaka kwokunze kufanana. Zviri kuti yakafanana nedzimwe mhuka neimwe nhengo dzakasiyana mirairo, asi kusiyana (somuenzaniso, armadillos, Nehwiribidi, sloths) ikashandiswa kupinda chimwe chikwata. Kuziva ukama rezvisikwa siyana zvinoenderana mavambo, uye kubva paleontological uye magene tsvakurudzo.

Ndezvipi akasiyana makirasi nemhuka?

All upenyu Pasi rakakamurwa umambo zvikuru shanu. Nyika ine utachiona, majemusi, notumwe tupukanana zvinomera nemhuka (zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvisikwa vachikwanisa kutamira kuti inosimbisa miti kana dzimwe mhuka). Ushe mhuka inokamukana ukuwo, nokuti 10 marudzi, ramakagadzwa mberi kupfuura - chordates (vane iripo chepuraimari skeletal akabatana). Chinonyanya dzakabudirira zvikuru - vertebrates kuti une nomuzongoza, mudzoke kubva Chord.

Ndezvipi mhuka?

Types, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa makirasi. In vertebrates pane mapoka mashanu hove, amphibians, nezvinokambaira, neshiri uye mhuka. Yokupedzisira ine soro sangano vertebrates zvose. Pane subclasses mbiri mhuka idzi: oviparous uye viviparous. Yokutanga Mazai pasi seshiri Somuenzaniso, asi vavo vanopiwa mukaka. Wechipiri (uye marsupials uye placental) kusununguka kana aborted mhuru vari ipapo riri naamai bhegi chaiyo, kana kukonzera kare kuumbwa vacheche.

Tsvaga chii vari mhuka, uye unogona kuva hwakadzama. Subclasses vari mapoka mapoka, zviyero - asununguke, uye kuberekwa - nemhando. Nhasi, nyika yedu iri musha zviuru zvina mhuka. Uye mhuka mumwe nomumwe akadana chaiwo.

Pfungwa chuma chikafu

Ngationei zvimwe ndezvipi nemhuka? Herbivorous, omnivorous, Mbeswa. Green miti pachavo zvokudya achishandisa photosynthesis iyo vatendeuki mhepo, mvura uye rezuva simba kupinda kunzwisisa akakura. Animals zvakare handizivi sei kuita. Vanofanira kudya miriwo kana zvakafanana. Saka akaumba zvokudya cheni.

herbivorous

Most ano zvipenyu unogutiswa chirimwa chikafu. Vanoshandisa zvimwe zvikamu zvinomera uye hwakasiyana-siyana avo zvakanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera nokuda zvomudumbu ezvinhu muviri. Munhu wose ane dzavo zvaunofarira: mashizha madzinde, midzi uye kuhukura. Zvakawanda ichi chinogona ozeyewa yakaoma, asi muitiro uyu kwemhuka herbivorous kubatsira majemusi uye utachiona kuti vanogara mudumbu. Muchikoro chimwe nechimwe, mhando, iyo yokuzviparadzanisa ane herbivorous kwayo. Izvi nezvipembenene: notupukanana, nyuchi, kungozvifunga, mhashu uye hove: somuenzaniso, vamiririri pfupa, uye zvinokambaira; nenjiva, uye neshiri: passerines, huku. In vekirasi mhuka dziri herbivorous marsupials, kunyange-toed ungulates, solipeds, nemakonzo, lagomorphs, proboscidians. Vamwe vanoda shato huru phytoplankton. Chuma zvokudya zvemhuka zvipenyu dzakadaro dzinonzi wechipiri pamwero (trophic).

omnivorous

Tinoramba kuziva chii vari mhuka? Omnivore - ndiro rinotevera mhando, izvo tichakurukura. Sezvineiwo, marudzi mazhinji zvipenyu, izvo zvokudya zvikurukuru zvinomera, dzimwe nguva haana averse kurapa isu uye nyama. A Mbeswa uye dzimwe nguva haana averse kuedza chinhu miriwo. mhuka dzakadaro dzinonzi omnivores. Somuenzaniso, vamwe tupukanana (mapete, etc.), mhou, makonzo, nguruve, vakawanda mabheya, netsoko (chimupanze, etc.). Izvi zvinoshandawo kumunhu.

Sezvineiwo, zvomudumbu hurongwa hakusi omnivorous kusanyatsotsanangurwa specialized. Saka ura hwavo vanogona kugaya uye miriwo uye mhuka zvokudya. Tinewo omnivorous mhuka canines sezvo pazvikara, uye pamberi muromo akaronga vematombo.