Matanda podstropilnye: siyana, muchinjikwa-chirimwa. Podstropilnaya purazi

Hwaro nemagadzirirwo mudziyo chiito nemakadhibhokisi truss uye podstropilnye zvinhu. The kubereka Tsika padenga chifukidzo - munhu truss matanda uye trusses. Matanda vari podstropilnye rutsigiro denga zvinhu. Ivo anoshandiswa unhani midziyo mu-nhurikidzwa imwe multi-span maindasitiri zvivakwa, zvivako dzinogarwa panguva mudziyo atiki mapuriro.

Mhando Podstropilnyh kuti matanda uye trusses

Rakavimbika yose nemakadhibhokisi hurongwa anonyatsokwanisa novimba nesimba uye dzakanaka mutakuri uye podstropilnoy truss marongerwo. Zviri guru siyana nechitarisiko zvinorema.

Matanda podstropilnye - ndiye chigadzirwa mumwe maatomu akafanana chete kuti anopiwa zvokunze mutoro, kuatumira kumarudzi kureba kwayo. Panyaya iyi, mukuru atinosangana kuitika kumigumo danda. Pachirehwa kuti gully padenga nemakadhibhokisi enyika.

Podstropilnaya Farm - a yakaoma nezvakawanda chimiro, iyo vakaungana kubva munhu tsvimbo nokuramba wakaomerera panzira chokuita nomumwe nomumwe. Mitoro kuitika chete panguva nodal kwokubatana pematanda. mazano kwakadaro zvinoshandiswa nemakadhibhokisi enyika pamwe trusses.

Zvichienderana mukugadzira zvinhu podstropilnye mamiriro inogona kukamurwa:

• Akazadzisa kongiri.
• Steel.
• Wood.
• Yanyatsosimba yemapuranga hurongwa.

Concrete uye simbi matanda uye trusses vari anowanzodanwa kushandiswa pakuvaka zvivako maindasitiri uye zvakagadzirwa. Wooden uye Akazadzisa chisimbiso zvinhu matanda dzinoshandiswa zvikuru nokuti mudziyo hakusi chete kugadzirwa edzimba, asiwo rokuvaka matenga mukuvaka dzinogarwa.

In maindasitiri chivakwa zvakagadzirwa podstropilnymi pindana 12-rutsoka, 18-rutsoka, 24-rutsoka uye 30-mita zvaiva pakati pembiru. In danho-mita matanhatu podstropilnye Truss danda zvinhu uye vashumire nokuda kwavo purazi zvenguva kutsigira zvinhu.

By chimiro chikamu vemuchinjikwa danda rakakamurwa:

• Rectangular.
• Tees.
• I-danda.
• Box matanda.

Pakuvaka nomunhu dzimba kuvakwa, kwaiitirwa denga hurongwa kutsigirwa, kwete unowanzoshandiswa. Zvavo vari kushandiswa mune mudziyo atiki nzvimbo.

Yanyatsosimba kongiri matanda podstropilnye

Concrete zvigadzirwa inoshandiswa nemakadhibhokisi mudziyo pamwe zvishoma materu, uyewo akadzika pedzimba. Ivo achibudiswa kongiri mafekitari apo pakarepo kuiswa prestressing simbi chisimbiso matanda. Forms akashandiswa Fittings:

• Matanda yanyatsosimba pamwe kwenguva nenguva profile.
• Wire tsapo anokosha vafuke waya.
• Wakarukwa waya tambo.
• Tambo Fittings.

Chimiro matanda Munokudzwa podstropilnye pamwe yakafanana uye non-inofambirana zvikamu. kukarukureta ravo unoitwa pachishandiswa mutoro, iro rine truss danda, inobva pakati dot podstropilnogo maatomu akafanana uye mutoro uremu danda pacharo, akagovera pamwe kureba kwayo. Products yaakaita strapping maburi aiendeswa vanomhanyisa uye anosimudza, dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa pachinzvimbo vanomhanyisa Tabs.

Isa pakati panhengo hurongwa hwokutsigira padenga matanda uye trusses, kana upamhi danho 6 metres, uye upamhi chokugadza svikiro mbiru - 12 mamita. Kugadzwa podstropilnyh matanda anobudiswa pamusoro pembiru, ivo yakatarwa Welding midzi nhengo. In pakati matanda podstropilnyh uye avo kumigumo zvinoitwa chinokosha nezve nzvimbo chikwereti zvisungo uye chinobata kukurova nekuda kugadzwa padenga zvivako.

Ko ini serin'i kana T-muchinjikwa chikamu ane nechepasi gumbo uye trapezoid chimiro. Chinonyanya pasherefu kunosimudzirwa munzvimbo zvinofungirwa kuisa denga matanda.

Podstropilnye pamwe nokureba danda iri huru mune 12-rutsoka, dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa 18-mita kana 24-mita zvigadzirwa. Central yakakwirira iri 1.5 metres, mumunda matanda - 0,6 mamita. Upamhi rezasi flange - 0,7 mamita. Inofanira kuva imwe kaviri till kukura danda. GOST 19425-74.

Podstropilnaya zvakasimbisa kongiri truss

Concrete podstropilnye truss kushandiswa akadzika pamatenga mudziyo. Ita chimiro trapezoid, umo mabhandi zviviri: Chigadziko - uye yokumusoro chinjikira mhando - raiiswa kuvaka. Panguva iyoyo, kupfuura kukurumidza ndivo bezraskosye purazi Precast kongiri.

Hwokuchengetedza denga trusses rutsigiro migove podstropilnyh zvinhu zviri kunowedzera. Hwokugadza kavha ndiro anopiwa mu rack zvitsigiso. Racks uchingodzikira bhandi podstropilnoy purazi vari yaakaita pre-mupfungwa. Kushandiswa pakugadzira kongiri kuti 300-500 mavanga.

Sezvo ari pachake ari girder anopiwa zvinhu simbi midzi muna podstropilnyh mapurazi kuti kugadzirira mbiru uye zvitsigiso.

Steel matanda podstropilnye

Steel hurongwa vane kureba mamita 12, 18 metres, 24 metres, 48 metres zvinogona kuitwa refu. Zvayakaita, ndivo zvakafanana nezvaishandiswa nhungo. Inoitwa zvikamu zviviri: okumusoro. Upper hunogara pamusoro hwakawanda netafura Mbiru ndokuinama pacho kubudikidza kukurova. Rezasi bhandi danda wanamatira mbiru pachishandiswa chinjikira mbariro.

Podstropilnaya simbi truss

Made kufanana okumusoro mabhandi. Length kwezvipimo uye mamita 12, 18 metres, 24 mamita. Zvichienderana mhando denga truss, nekukwirira podstropilnoy magadzirirwo kunogona 3.13 metres, 3.27 metres uye 3.75 mamita.

Vakaiisa kuna mbiru rinoitwa kushandisa nadopornyh mbiru, pamusoro izvo pedenga trusses.

Pari industrially rikashandiswa lightweight kuvakwa simbi simbi truss mukugadzira zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, imwe tubular gadziriro kana girder pamwe matete masvingo. With zvakagadzirwa ichi, papurazi pave kupenya, akaderedza kudyiwa simbi iri gadzira yavo, shoko naro ravo ipfupi.

Wooden podstropilnye hurongwa

Zvivako akaita namatanda zvakagadzirirwa kuvatsigira truss ezvinhu, kuva nesimba zvakakwana guru uye kuramba zhinji kungatikanganisa zvinofurira. Vane yakasimba kana anoshandiswa miti pamwe kwomuzvarirwo modes noruremekedzo kuti tembiricha uye mwando. Pakuvaka indasitiri, vari kushandiswa mukuvaka apo pane vanoshorwa nekuda nharaunda yacho simbi uye kongiri.

Maererano chinovaka pfungwa podstropilnye kusiyanisa zvinhu dziri:

• Matanda.
• Farms.
• Maberere.
• Ram.

Kana hwoupenyu kureba kweimba kusvikira 18 metres, rinoshandiswa podstropilnaya matanda matanda. Mukuvaka apo zvaiva yakakura zvakakwana - kusvika mamita 30, zviri nani kushandisa yemapuranga podstropilnyh kumapurazi. Namaberere uye emapuranga mapuranga sezvo podstropilnyh zvinhu hazviwanzoitika kushandiswa.

Wooden danda podstropilnaya

Pakuvaka indasitiri kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa matanda, glued pamwe kubva namapuranga. mazano akadaro vakasimba zvikuru uye yakasimba kupfuura hwakasimba zvigadzirwa, kugadzira-siyana siyana podstropilnyh nematanda. Articles ose STRUCTURAL laminated matanda zvikuru kushandiswa umhare nemakadhibhokisi enyika. Yose kumativi matanda angakudzivisai zvikuru mupfungwa, asi ivo vari zvikuru muduku laminated ukanyatsotarisisa matanda mukati vachikotama.

Raiva pedyo nebundu splicing podstropilnoy yemapuranga matanda zvinogona kuonekwa Photo pazasi.

The-Chikamu pamuchinjikwa danda riri rectangular kana ini-danda. Okumusoro mabhandi podstropilnoy matanda kufananidza kana mukoko-pamusoro bhandi uye yakaderera chinjikira kana akapwanyika bhandi. Kana span kureba 15 metres anowanzoshandiswa I-matanda uye madziro mapuranga kana plywood uye akaenzana achiomesa mbabvu.

Wooden podstropilnaya purazi

Huru zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa emapuranga trusses vari podstropilnyh zvipfigiso, mapuranga kana matanda. Fastening zvinhu zvinogoneka achishandisa simbi Hardware, ndiro. Pakanga hwakapararira glued yemapuranga podstropilnye purazi. Mabhandi dzakagadzirwa kuramba upamhi. With mukugadzira ichi nzira, mativi Threaded unobatanidza zvinhu vakatakura toothed yakatesvera panyanga dzacho uye shaped grooves zvakafanana. Guruu rinoshandisirwa pepasi pejoinhi, chakatsikirirwa mamwe kuvakwa mashoko.

Yanyatsosimba emapuranga danda zvinhu uye podstropilnye purazi

Podstropilnye zvakasimbisa emapuranga zvinhu nepfungwa kuna amplification yavo. Rakashandiswa chisimbiso simbi kana Washington City Offices. Fastens muedzo zvikamu mukati pehuni kushandisa epoxy namira. Dzimwe nguva akashandisa prestressing chisimbiso.

kugadzwa

Kugadzwa podstropilnyh matanda uye trusses rinoitwa sezvinotevera. Podstropilnye zvakasimbisa kongiri danda okunze uye purazi achibatsirwa midzi simbi dziri welded zvakananga kumugumo masvingo pembiru. Possible pagomo navo nekiyi. Akazadzisa kongiri kana simbi kunyaradzana matafura pamusoro podstropilnyh zvinogadzirwa chemuTestamente akatakura hukawanika kuti kubereka padenga zvivako.

Steel trusses vari vasiyana kurutivi simbi mbiru nadkolonniku pasi nevaya. kukwirira kwayo kuri 0,7 m. mumwe purazi repamusoro mabhandi pei. Trusses kuzorora pamabwendefa podstropilnyh mumapurazi uye vasiyana mbiru yacho patella.

Wooden danda podstropilnye mudziyo pamatenga ndeinotevera (ona. The mufananidzo).

Kugadzwa matanda kuti mukoko padenga

Kana pane akatakura mutoro-mukati pamasvingo maviri, truss gadziriro akatasva podstropilnye zvinhu muimba. Muchiitiko chino, vanotovimba pamusoro sill, kuburikidza Racks kuti namapuranga, uyewo nechomukati masvingo. Kazhinji, izvi zviviri podstropilnye danda zvivako akaisa pamwe padenga. Zvinoshanda musimboti zvakadaro kukwirira rakanyorwa padenga akatevedzana kubudikidza 1,4 metres kusvika 2.5 metres. Panyaya iyi, pasi pedenga, ane zvakakwana vakasununguka nzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa atiki.

Podstropilnaya danda, kana tightening, anogona kuiswa zvakananga pamusoro edenga munzvimbo imwe muzvitatu kukwirira kubva kumusoro kusvika muhomba. Ipfungwa Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuwedzera Vhoriyamu womukati nzvimbo pasi pedenga. Danda, podstropilnaya maitiro uye denga pano kuridza basa chokunze masvingo uye yokufukidza.

Danda uye podstropilnye matanda zvinogona kuonekwa Photo munyaya.

Chokutanga, pane yokunyanyisa podstropilnye mauerlat ukapisa murwi matanda vose pamadziro eimba. In musimboti zvemapango imba inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo mauerlat yokumusoro korona chitunha. Matanda vanofanira kuomerera nerokuti peiko, unogona kutarisa ichi nokuyera chinhambwe pakati kumigumo Tsanga yacho yaichekwa. Matanda akavata protrusion vanenge 0,5 metres mudzimba mukomberedzo pamupendero. Kana urefu bhodhi idukusa inodiwa danda, splice akaita podstropilnyh matanda.

Ipapo makakatanwa tambo ukapisa murwi pakati matanda ari mativi uye swatanudza navo chechetere. At chinhambwe chimwe mita kubva yakatarwa panguva inotevera podstropilnaya danda. Uyewo riri pakatarisana divi bhodhi. Iva nechokwadi kuti aone kunze yakatambarara. Saka zvinobva zvarongwa vasara danda podstropilnye Kureba yose parusvingo.

Kuti vaenzanise mapuranga miganhu mhiri masvingo, metered 0.5 mita imwe neimwe kumugumo danda, tambo ruchatambanudzirwa. On the nechepakati danda akaita chiratidzo tambo, akaona kubvisa zvakawandisa miromo. Uyezve kuti podstropilnuyu ezvinhu iiswe kubereka nhungo.

Vaenzi achaita podstropilnym hurongwa

Nokuti zvaAtemisi ferro-kongiri mazano anoshanda podstropilnyh GOST 20372-2015, vakapinda nechisimba musi 1 January 2017. Maererano gwaro iri, rinoshandiswa kuti pagadzirwe rinorema kana lightweight STRUCTURAL kongiri. Steel podstropilnye purazi akaita maererano GOST 27579-88. Chakasimudzira rinotsanangurwa uye laminated kaviri-till kukura danda. GOST 19425-74.