Nzira yekunyora sei nyaya yekufambisa nemashoko anofadza?

Pasinei nehuduku hwake huri shanduko yekuzvimiririra, nhasi mutsvaga ndeimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira. Chakavanzika chekubudirira kwakadaro chiri nyore - chakavanzika chinotakura. Muverengi haasi kunyatsocherechedza zviri kuitika, asi anotora chikamu chekuita mazviri. Anotarisira zviitiko uye anovaka mavari mazviri. Grigory Chkhartishvili (Boris Akunin), munyori wehurukuro yakakurumbira yemanzwi pamusoro pemucherechedzi Erast Fandorin, mubvunzurudzo yake akambotaura kuti anganyora sei detective. Maererano nemunyori, chinhu chikuru chekusika nyaya inofadza ndeye mutambo neaverengi, iyo inofanira kuzadzwa nezvisingatarisirwi kufamba uye misungo.

Kukurudzira muenzaniso

Vakawanda vanyori vevapurisa vanozivikanwa havavanze chokwadi chokuti vakawana kukurudzirwa, kuverenga mabasa evanamwari vakakurumbira vemhando iyi. Somuenzaniso, munyori weAmerica Elizabeth George ave achiyemura basa raAgatha Christie. Haana kupikisa zvinyorwa zvemuriri mukuru we detective prose naBoris Akunin. Munyori akawanzobvuma kuti anotora nyaya dzomupurisa mumutauro wekuChirungu uye anowanzoshandisa maitiro aanoita mumabasa ake. Nezvimwe zvipo kumupuriki akaita sorudzi akaita Arthur Conan Doyle nemunhu wake akakurumbira, zvichida, hazvina maturo kutaura. Sezvo gamba, saSherlock Holmes, ndiyo kurota kwevanyori.

Iva mhaka

Kunyora muchengeti chaiye, unofanirwa kuuya nemhosva, nokuti chakavanzika chine chokuita nacho nguva dzose chinomira pamwoyo wenyaya yacho. Saka, munyori anofanira kuedza pane basa reanorwisa. Pakutanga, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chii chichava chiitiko chechiitiko ichi. Zvizhinji zvezvizivikanwi vechenekeri nyaya dzinovakwa pakutsvakurudza kwekuuraya, umbavha, kubavha, kupamba uye kushungurudza. Zvisinei, kune mimwe mienzaniso mizhinji apo munyori anoita kuti muverengi ave nechiitiko chisina mhaka chinotungamirira kuchiratidzo kune chakavanzika chikuru.

Dzokera nguva

Mushure mokusarudza mhosva, munyori anofanira kunyatsofungisisa pamusoro pazvo, sezvo muchengeti chaiye anovanza zvose izvo zvinotungamirira ku denouement. Masters ejeri anorayirwa kuti ashandise nguva yakatarisa. Kutanga, zvakakosha kusarudza kuti ndiani akapara mhosva, kuti akaita sei uye nei. Zvino iwe unofanirwa kufungidzira kuti uyo anorwisa achaedza sei kuviga chiito. Usakanganwa pamusoro pezvaunoita, uchasiyiwa uchapupu uye zvapupu. Aya mazano anovaka nyaya inonakidza inopa muverengi mukana wekuzviongorora. Somuenzaniso, munyori anozivikanwa weBritain Pee Di James anoti asati atanga kugadzira nyaya inofadza, nguva dzose anouya nemashoko pamusoro pechakavanzika. Nokudaro, paanobvunzwa kuti anganyora sei muchengeti akanaka, anopindura kuti munhu anofanirwa kufungidzira semhosva. Iyo inoverengeka haifaniri kutarisa somubvunzurudzo unonyadzisa. Kufunganya uye kushushikana-ndizvo zvinokosha.

Kuvaka nyaya

Detective chinonzi, sezvinongoita mamwe mazano ekunyora, ane zvinyorwa zvayo. Nokudaro, kupindura mubvunzo iwoyo pamusoro pekunyora muchengeti, vadzidzisi vanopa mazano kuti vatange kusarudza pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwenzira yekugadzirisa nyaya.

• A classic mupepeti nyaya inopiwa nenzira yakasiyana. Muverengi anoitisa kuongororwa kwehupombwe hwakaitwa pamwe chete nemunhu mukuru. Anoshandisa kiyi kumakumbo akasiyiwa nemunyori.
• Muchifukidziro chakashandurwa nyaya, muverengi pakutanga anotonga mhosva. Uye urongwa hwose hunotevera hunotenderera mberi nekugadzirisa uye nzira dzekuongorora.
• Kakawanda, vanyori vevapambi vanoshandisa nyaya yakabatana. Apo muverengi anokumbirwa kutarisa mhosva imwechete kubva kumativi akasiyana. Iyi nzira inobva pane zvinoitika zvekushamisika. Mushure mezvose, shanduro yakasimbiswa uye isina tsvina inoparara pane imwe nguva.

Muverengi anofarira

Kuzivisa muverengi munyaya yenyaya yacho uye kunakidza nekupa mhosva kune imwe yenhanho huru yekuumba muchengeti. Hazvina mhosva kuti chokwadi chinozivikanwa sei. Muverengi anogona kuzviona achipomerwa mhosva, dzidza nezvazvo kubva munyaya yechiratidzo kana kuti azviwanire panzvimbo yekutumwa kwayo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti zvikorekedzo uye zvinyorwa zvekutsvakurudza. Tsanangudzo inofanira kunge ine nhamba yakakwana yezvinyorwa zvinonyatsojeka - ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa pakubvunzurudza mubvunzo wekunyora deta nyaya.

Kuti urambe uchida

Basa rinotevera rinokosha remunyori wekutanga richave riri kuchengetedza kufarira kwemuverengi. Nhoroondo haifaniri kunge iri nyore, kana zviri pachena pakutanga kuti "scuba diver" yakauraya munhu wose. Nzvimbo yakasununguka ichakurumidza kuora mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo, sezvo nhau dzepano uye muchengeti maitiro akasiyana. Asi kunyange kana zvichifanirwa kuumba sangano rakashata, iwe unofanirwa kuvanza mamwe mazano kune zvinyorwa mumurwi wezvisingakoshi, pakutanga, maonero. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvigadziro zvemukuru wechichechi wechiChirungu. Chiratiro chakajeka chezviri pamusoro apa chinogona kushanda semashoko achinyanya kuzivikanwa nemunyori weAmerica Mickey Spillane. Paakabvunzwa nezvekunyora bhuku (detective), akapindura kuti: "Hapana munhu achaverenga nyaya inoshamisa kuti iende pakati. Munhu wose ari kupedza kuverenga. Kana zvikaitika kuva kuora mwoyo, iwe ucharasikirwa neverengi. Peji yekutanga inotengesa bhuku rino, uye yekupedzisira - zvose zvichanyorwa munguva yemberi. "

Misungo

Sezvo basa remupekiki richivimba nechinangwa nekuderedzwa, chirongwa chacho chichava chinonakidza uye chinotendwa kana ruzivo rwakapiwa mauri ruchimanikidza muverengi kuti asvike pane zvakashata. Kunyangwe vapfufisi vakanakisisa vangave vakakanganisa uye vanotevera mutsara wenhema wokufunga. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa nevanyori vanogadzira mapurisa pamusoro pevanhu vanouraya serial. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uyananise muverengi uye ugadzire kutendeuka kwezviitiko. Kana zvinhu zvose zvichiita sezviri pachena uye hapana chinofanira kutya, ndezvenguva yakadaro iyo hutano hunova hunonyanya kunetseka kune zvinotevera zvengozi. Kushandurwa kusingatarisirwi nguva dzose kunoita kuti nhau iwedzere kufadza.

Chikonzero

Magamba evashambadziro anofanira kunge ane vavariro dzinonakidza. Iro zano remunyori Kurt Vonnegut kuti munyaya yakanaka yose mhando inoda chimwe chinhu chaunoda, inoreva kumucherechedzi mamwe marudzi kupfuura vamwe. Sezvo zviito zvinotevera zvegamba zvakananga zvichibva pane zvinokurudzira. Saka, zvinosanganisira nyaya yenyaya. Zvakakosha kutsvaga, uye nyora kunyora zvose zvinokonzera uye zvinetso, kuitira kuti usunge zvakasimba muverengi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaumbwa. Vakawanda vanonyanya kuvanzwa, vanovhiringidza, uye, naizvozvo, nyaya inowedzera kufadza. Vashandi vemapurisa pamusoro pevasori vazhinji vanozara nema heroes akafanana. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndiye muchengeti anofadza "Mission Impossible" pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aDavid Kepp naStephen Zayillian.

Gadzira huzivi hwehutambudzi

Sezvo munyori achiziva kubva pakutanga iye anoziva sei, sei uye sei nei mhosva yacho yaitwa, ndezvevanhu vashoma kuti vaone kana munhu uyu ari mumwe wezvinhu zvikuru.

Kana iwe ukashandisa nzira imwe chete, apo munhu anorwisa ari nguva dzose mumunda wekuona muverengi, zvakakosha kushanda zvakajeka unhu hwake nekuonekwa. Sezvo mutemo, munyori anoita gamba rakadaro rinokwezva, kuitira kuti amutse chivimbo chemuverengi uye kubvisa kusava nechokwadi. Uye mumagumo - kuti afukidze denouement isingatarisiri. Muenzaniso wakajeka uye wakajeka ndiwo unhu hweVitaly Yegorovich Krechetov kubva kumuchenekeri nyaya "Liquidation".

Muchiitiko icho kana chisarudzo chikaitwa kuita kuti mutadzi ave chinhu chisingaonekeki, kuratidzwa kwakanyatsorongeka kwezvinangwa zvake pachako kunoda kupfuura kuonekwa, kuitira kuti amuise kumugariro mukuru semugumisiro. Ndizvo zvinyorwa izvo zvakasikwa nevanyori vanonyora vopikisi nyaya pamusoro pevanhu vanouraya. Muenzaniso ndeye sheriff kubva kumuchenekeri nyaya "Mentalist".

Gadzira huzivi hwegamba rinotsvaga mhosva

Unhu hunopikisa zvakaipa hunogona kuva chinhu. Uye hazvirevi hazvo kuti muchengeti anoongorora kana kuti pfuferi wega. Kucherechedza wakare Miss Marple kubva kuna Agatha Christie naProfesa Lengdon paDan Brown havagoni kutarisana nemabasa avo. Basa guru rekutungamira unhu nderokufarira muverengi uye kumuita tsitsi. Saka, unhu hwake hunofanira kuva hupenyu. Uyewo vanyori vechenefereji vanopa mazano pamusoro petsanangudzo yekuonekwa uye mufambiro we protagonist. Unordinary inomubatsira kuita rumwe rutivi rwezvinhu, sematemberi mawere uye Fandorin. Asi vadzidzisi vanonyevera vanyori vekushingaira zvakanyanya mukutsanangura nyika yepakati ye protagonist, pamwe nekubva mukugadzira kuonekwa kwakanaka kwazvo nekufananidza kwekufananidzira, sezvo nzira dzakadaro dzakanyanya kufanana nezvorudo rutsva.

Masimba ekudzivirira

Zvichida fuma inofadza, chimiro chechisikigo uye manzwiro anobatsira munyori wevadzidzisi mukugadzira muchengeti anofadza nyaya, uye achaita kuti muverengi awedzere kufarira mufananidzo wechinhu chacho kubva kune zvidimbu zviduku zvinorongwa. Zvisinei, nyaya yacho inofanira kutendwa. Nokudaro, coryphaees yemutauro, achitsanangura nzira yekunyora muchengeti, tarisa kuongorora zvisizvo zvebasa revapfumi vezvenyanzvi. Pashure pezvose, havasi vose vane unyanzvi hwevanopomerwa mhosva. Saka, nokuda kwekuvimbika kwechirongwa chacho, zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvinoshamisa zvebasa racho.

Vamwe vanoshandisa mazano anyanzvi. Vamwe vanopedza maawa akawanda nemazuva vachiongorora zvinhu zvekare kare. Uye kuti upe mukurukudzi wepamusoro, haufaniri kungoziva ruzivo rwemhosva. Ichange ichifanira kunyanya pfungwa yakawanda yehupfungwa yehutano hwemhosva dzevatadzi. Uye kune vanyori vakasarudza kushandura chigadziro chakakomberedza kuponda, vachanoda ruzivo mumunda we forensic anthropology. Usakanganwa zvakare pamusoro pemashoko anotsanangurwa nenguva uye nzvimbo yekuita, sezvo achange achida zivo yakawedzerwa. Kana chirongwa chekutsvaga kwechivi ichocho chikaitika muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, mamiriro akakomberedzwa, zviitiko zvezvakaitika kare, teknolojia uye mufambiro wevanhu vanofanirwa zvinofanira kufanana nazvo. Dzimwe nguva, basa racho rinowedzera kuoma kana muchengeti webasa rimwe remaawa ari unyanzvi pane imwe nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, nyanzvi yemasvomhu asingazivikanwi, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa kana wehupenyu hwehupenyu. Saizvozvowo, munyori aifanira kunzwisisa zvose zvesayenzi zvinoita kuti unhu hwake huve hwakakosha.

Kuzadza

Basa rakakosha kupfuura rimwe nerimwe remunyori nderekusikwa kwekupedzisira kunofadza uye kunonzwisisika. Kubva pasinei nokuti nyaya yacho yakanganisa sei, mitsetse yose yakapiwa mairi inofanira kugadziriswa. Yese mibvunzo yakawana panguva yechiito ichi inofanira kupindurwa. Uyezve, kuburikidza nehuwandu hwemagumo, izvo zvinonzwisisika kune muverengi, sezvo kushandiswa mukati mechenekeri rudzi hakugamuchirwi. Kufungisisa uye kuvakwa kwezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupedzwa kwezvakaitika zvinoratidzwa nemanano ane ruzivo rwefilosofi. A detective genre is commercial. Mukuwedzera, muverengi achange aine shungu kwazvo mukuziva kuti aive akarurama uye kupi kwaakange asina kukanganisa.

Vashandi vanoteerera njodzi inowanikwa mukusanganiswa kwemavara. Kushanda nenzira yakafanana, zvakakosha kukuyeuka kuti kana nyaya yacho iine mutevedzeri, kuzadziswa kwayo kunofanira kunyorwa mumhando imwecheteyo. Iwe haugoni kusiya muverengi akaodzwa mwoyo, achitsanangura uipi kuburikidza nemasimba ekufungidzira kana ngozi. Kunyange kana yakamboitika, munharaunda yavo kuvapo kwavo kunofanirwa kukodzera muchigadziro uye nguva yekuongorora. Uye mukati mawo njodzi haisi iyo nyaya yechipikisi nyaya. Saka, kana zvikaitika, mumwe munhu akabatanidzwa mune izvi. Muchidimbu, muchengeti anogona kuva nemagumo asingatarisirwi, asi haagoni kukonzera kushamisika uye kuora mwoyo. Zviri nani kana kugadziriswa kuri kuverengerwa pane unyanzvi hwekuverengera muverengi, uye iye achagadzirisa chirahwe zvishomanana pamberi pehutano hunokosha.