Ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika. The zvinofadza zvikuru ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika

Nhoroondo yenyika kutyira pamusoro vanhu kubvira kare. Vamiririri kunyika dzakasiyana uye vanhu vakaramba nezvazvo sei nyika akaonekwa, yavanogara. Kunzwisisa ichi kuumbwa kwemazana emakore, kukura kubva pfungwa uye kufembera mukusika ngano kwenyika.

Ndokusaka chero rudzi mungano kunotanga kuedza kutsanangura kwakatangira yakapoteredza chokwadi. Vanhu kunzwisisa ipapo uye kunzwisisa, kuti chiitiko ose ane mavambo uye kuguma; uye panowanikwa rwokuzvarwa mubvunzo akasimuka kupoteredza akanyatsorongwa vamiririri Homo Sapiens. The zvinozivikanwa vanhu vari tanga pakukura zvakajeka zvinoratidza mwero kunzwisisa imwe chakajairika, kusanganisira akadai pakusikwa kwenyika uye munhu pemasimba epamusoro.

Vanhu vakapfuura Pfungwa pakusikwa kwenyika nomuromo, embellished navo nokuwedzera zvakawanda uye zvakawanda. Zvikurukuru, pakusikwa ngano kwenyika dzinotiratidza sei siyana akanga achifunga amadzitateguru edu, nekuti ave anyatsoona nomusiki nyaya dzavo vaiva vanamwari, shiri, mhuka. Kufanana zvichida aiva mumwe - nyika rakabuda chinhu, kunze primordial nenyonganyonga. Asi ayo pakuzadzisa kwakaitika nenzira akasarudzwa kwaari nevamiririri ane vanhu.

Recovery zvenyika mufananidzo vekare vanhu mazuva ano

Kukurumidza kukura kwenyika emakore achangopfuura akapa mukana nani kuzoita munyika mufananidzo avanhu yekare. Masayendisiti ane zvakasiyana unyanzvi uye nzvimbo munyaya kudzidza akawana zvinyorwa, dombo uri, matongo zvinoratidza kuti recreate vanofunga zvenyika, iro aiita vagere munyika zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda kare.

Zvinosuruvarisa, ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika vasina akapukunyuka kusvikira nguva yedu yose. Kupona zvimedu haisi nguva zvichiita kumutsa yepakutanga nyaya uye chigadzirwa inokurudzira dzekare uye vematongo kuti kuitisa kuramba kutsvaka mamwe manyuko kuti anogona zadza chisipo maburi.

Zvisinei, kubva acho, panguva kurasa kumarudzi ano ndiko vanokwanisa kusvina yakawanda anobatsira mashoko, zvikurukuru: sei vakararama, chii vakatenda, vainamata hwekare vanhu, pane zvinooneka vaishora worldviews pakati zvakasiyana pemarudzi uye chii chinangwa pakusikwa kwenyika kubudikidza Bhaibheri ravo.

rubatsiro zvikuru kutsvaka uye kuzoita mashoko vane zvemazuva ano: transistors, makombiyuta, lasers, akasiyana-siyana zvikuru unyanzvi mano.

Dzidziso pakusikwa kwenyika kuti aivapo pakati vekare vaigara yedu, kutungamirira pakugumisa kuti hwaro upi ngano avete kunzwisisa chokwadi kuti zvose rakabuda Tobira kuitira kuti zvose-simba, zvose paakafungisisa, zvechikadzi kana rume (zvichienderana munzanga).

Tichaedza zvishoma kurondedzera inonyanya kufarirwa shanduro ngano yekare vanhu kuwana pfungwa mukuru maonero avo.

Ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika: Ijipiti cosmogony avaEgipita vekare

Vagari Egyptian yebudiriro vaiva vateveri yenhungamiro hwekurarama zvose. Zvisinei, nhoroondo yenyika kuburikidza maziso zvakasiyana Zvizvarwa vaEgipita siyanei.

Theban shanduro chimiro chenyika

The Zvinonyanyozivikanwa (Theban) shanduro nyaya kuti mvura hwakakura uye risina gungwa akazviratidza Mwari pakutanga chaizvo - Amoni. Akasika pachake akabva vakasika vamwe vamwari uye vanhu.

In akazotevera mungano, Amoni yave kuzivikanwa pasi zita waAmoni-Ra, kana chete Ra (the Sun Mwari).

Wokutanga akasikwa Amoni akava Shu - mhepo wokutanga Tefnut - wokutanga unyoro. Ava, Mwari Ra akasika Goddess Hathor, waiva ziso Ra, uye aifanira kuongorora zviito zvouMwari. The misodzi Ziso Ra rokutanga vakava mhaka dzavanhu. Sezvo Hathor - Ziso Ra - akatsamwa panguva vanamwari kuti wakaparadzana nomuviri wake, Amoni-Ra Hathor agere pahuma yake sechinhu ziso wechitatu. Kubva muromo wake Ra akasika vamwe vamwari, kusanganisira mudzimai wake, mwarikadzi Mut uye mwanakomana Khonsu - muronga huMwari. Pamwe chete, ivo aimiririra Theban vanamwari vatatu vatatu avaMwari.

ngano kwakadaro kubva pakusikwa kwenyika zvinopa kunzwisisa chii vaIjipiti yakavakirwa maonero pamusoro kwayakatangira vakaisa Divine. Asi rakanga riri mutemo pamusoro nyika uye vanhu vasiri Mwari mumwe uye rose renyeredzi vakanga kukudzwa uye vakaratidza kuremekedza kwavo kuzvipira zhinji.

Nemaonero chekare

Rich mungano sezvo nhaka kuzvizvarwa ramangwana kusiiwa chekare, anoteerera zvikuru netsika dzavo uye kuzvipa chinokosha. Kana tikafunga kusikwa ngano kwenyika, Greece zvichida kupfuura chero nyika panguva yavo nhamba uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Vakagoverana matriarchal uye yemadzitateguru: zvichienderana aiva gamba rake - mukadzi kana murume.

Matriarchal uye yemadzitateguru shanduro chimiro chenyika

Somuenzaniso, maererano nomumwe matriarchal ngano, mbuya nyika GAIA - Mother Earth yakabuda kubva Tobira uye akabereka Mwari Kudenga - Uranus. Mwanakomana, mai, kutenda chitarisiko chake, akadurura yake mvura, isa fotereza nyika uye kumutsa tairara mairi mbeu upenyu.

Yemadzitateguru shanduro zvikuru kwenguva uye chinokosha: pakutanga kwaiva Tobira chete - rima uye husingaperi. Iye sired mwarikadzi Earth - GAIA, kubva uko nyaya zvose ibenyu, uye Mwari worudo Eros, anofema upenyu kupinda zvose.

Mukusiyana, vapenyu uye kuedza kuti zuva, akaberekwa pasi pevhu akafundumwara uye kwakakwidibira muTatarosi - a rima rakadzikadzika. It yakabuda sezvo Husingaperi Rima uye The Dark Night. Ivo akabereka Wokusingaperi chiedza uye zuva yakajeka. Kubvira ipapo, zuva uye Night humwewo.

Kunewo zvimwe vanhu uye zviitiko: Mwari, ari Titans, ivo Cyclopes, hofori, mhepo uye nyeredzi. Somugumisiro kurwisa refu pakati Vanamwari Olympus akatungamirira hwokudenga akamuka Zeus - mwanakomana Kronos, amai rakura mubako uye akapidigura baba vake pachigaro. Kutanga Zeus, nhoroondo dzavo uye kutora vamwe nomukurumbira vanamwari vechiGiriki, vaiona madzitateguru evanhu vavo vanoitisana: Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, Aphrodite, Athena, Hephaestus, Hemesi uye nevamwe.

Vanhu vainamata Gods ose nzira umilostivlivali kwavari, dzichiisa mutemberi kwazvo uye muchivarera zvisingaverengeki vapfumi zvipo. Asi kunze zvisikwa raMwari mupenyu Olympus, paivawo zvisikwa idzodzo, sezvo Nereid - gungwa mugari, Naiad - muchengeti reservoirs, Satyrs uye Dryads - dondo mascots.

Maererano nezvinodavirwa nevaGiriki vekare, njodzi vose zvaiva mumaoko vanamwarikadzi vatatu, ane zita Moira. Ivo vakaruka tambo youpenyu ose munhu kubva pazuva rokuzvarwa kusvikira pazuva rokufa, kusarudza kana upenyu huno richivezwa pfupi.

Ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika dzizere zhinji nakisisa rondedzero, nokuti, vanodavira mauto seri apa munhu, vanhu kunatsiridza pachavo uye nezvavanoita, achipa rinopfuura revanhu uye rakasiyana vamwari zvichiita mitemo kutapwa kwenyika uye vanhu zvikuru.

With kukura Greek yebudiriro zvava dzakakurumbira pamusoro nomumwe vanamwari. Zvakasikwa zvakawanda. Nemaonero chekare chaizvo vaiisa kukura nyaya yakaonekwa iri akazotevera nguva mamiriro, achiva nheyo tsika dzaro uye patsika.

The chidzoke zvenyika kuburikidza meso maIndia yekare

Munguva waiti "Myths pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika" India anozivikanwa shanduro chidzoke zvose panyika akawanda.

The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo rakafanana rechiGiriki tsika, nokuti rinotiudzawo kuti pakutanga kwenyika yakanga hunodzorwa kwegore risingapindiki rima Tobira. Akanga rakamira, asi azere kwaniso zvakavanzika uye simba guru. Gare gare vakabva Tobira Water, izvo chamuita kuti Fire. Nokuda guru simba nokupisa mumvura akaonekwa yendarama zai. Panguva iyoyo, nyika haina avapo miviri yokudenga uye nokuyerwa nguva. Kunyange zvakadaro, kana tichienzanisa ano nhoroondo nguva, yendarama zai kuyangarara mune zvakawanda mvura gungwa kwerinenge gore, pashure paiva mubereki zvose akamiririra Brahma. Akavhuna zai, saka kuti aro okumusoro chikamu ikava kudenga, uye nechepasi - Panyika. Between Brahma airspace agoverwa.

Uyezve, mubereki munyika akasika nyika ndokuisa kwakabva nguva. Saka, maererano nengano maIndia akatanga muchadenga. Zvisinei, Brahma vasurukirwe zvikuru uye vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvakakodzera kusika zvipenyu. Simba pfungwa Brahma kwaiva kukuru kwazvo zvokuti aikwanisa kushandisa kuti kusika vanakomana vatanhatu - guru madzishe, uye vamwe vanamwari uye vanamwarikadzi. Waneta mabasa saka yose, Brahma akapa simba pamusoro zvisikwa zvose zviri pasi nokudenga vanakomana vake, uye iye pamudyandigere kuzorora.

Kana chimiro vanhu munyika, maererano Indian shanduro, vakazvarwa kubva mwarikadzi uye mwari Vivasvat Saran (iye Mwari akava murume nokuda Mukuru Gods). vana rokutanga vanamwari ava vanofa, uye vamwe - by vamwari. First vana vanofa vamwari eki akafa, ari pashure porufu akava mubati ushe vakafa. Chimwe mwana anofa pamusoro Brahma - Manu - vakapona paMafashamo Makuru. Kubva mwari ichi uye paiva nevanhu.

Pirushi - First Man paNyika

Chimwe ngano pamusoro pakusikwa kwenyika rinotitaurira pamusoro pakuonekwa munhu wokutanga anonzi Pirushi (kubva kumwewo - Purusha). Ngano Izvi zvakafanana nokuti munguva Brahmanism. Purusha akaberekerwa Vongai kuda Gods Wemasimbaose. Zvisinei, gare gare Pirushi akabayira akazvisika kuna vanamwari: muviri munhu wokutanga akanga dissected zvidimbu, umo yakabuda mitumbi yokudenga iri (zuva, mwedzi uye nyeredzi), zvikuru denga, nyika, chiedza renyika uye evanhu mukirasi.

The chepamusorosoro kirasi - the vanhu vakaderera - kwainzi Brahmans, yomuka kubuda mumuromo Purusha. Vaiva vapristi dzavamwari panyika; Takaziva magwaro matsvene. yavatezvara Kshatriyas vakava chinotevera kukosha - vatongi uye varwi. Ndivo murume wokutanga akasikwa kubva pamafudzi ake. Kubva hudyu Purusha akazviratidza vatengesi uye varimi - vaisyas. The makirasi repasi, kunobva rutsoka Pirushi akava Sudra - nemataundi vanhu, kuzadzisa basa vashandi. Chinonyanya unenviable nzvimbo inogarwa vanonzi untouchables - vaisagona kunyange kubata, kana vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe vemapoka Pakarepo akava mumwe untouchables. Brahmins, Kshatriyas uye vaisyas rimwe zera uye vakazvitsaurira kuti vave 'kuberekwa kaviri. " upenyu hwavo hwakanga rakakamurwa dzakananga nzendo:

• Student (murume anodzidza kubva upenyu akachenjera vakuru uye vataipa upenyu ruzivo).
• Mhuri (munhu anosika mhuri uye anofanira kuva kwaye murume mhuri uye saimba).
• Munamati (murume pamba uye achirarama upenyu kungova mugarandoga mumongi, kufa chete).

Brahmanism nokuzvikudza kuvapo pfungwa dzakadai anonzi Brahman - pakuvambwa kwenyika, ayo chikonzero uye hunhu, rekuremekedza Dzinofanira, uye Atman - nheyo mumwe munhu womudzimu, kuri kuti iye chete uye vachitsvaka batanidza pamwe anonzi Brahman.

With kukura Brahminism pane pfungwa Samsara - gyre hwakanaka; Zimukadzimu - kuberekwazve pashure porufu; Karma - njodzi, murairo achasarudza kuti muviri womunhu mhando kuberekwa inotevera upenyu; Moksha - yakanaka kuti vavavarire mweya womunhu.

Achitaura pamusoro weboka vanhu kupinda vemapoka, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vakanga vasina kuonana nomumwe. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mumwe vanhu kirasi kwave kure nedzimwe. Too vanachandagwinyira vanhu vakaderera weboka chinoita kuti usingaonekwi uye ezvitendero nyaya kuti kubata bedzi chete Brahmins - the vamiririri rokumusoro vanhu vakaderera.

Zvisinei, gare gare, pane zvakawanda democratic uye dzidziso - chiBhudha uye chiJain, achitora anoshorana pamutemo dzidziso pfungwa. ChiJain akava chitendero simba chaizvo munyika, asi akaramba mukati memiganhu yawo, apo chiBhudha akava chitendero nyika nemamiriyoni vateveri.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti dzidziso pakusikwa kwenyika kuburikidza maziso mumwe chete vanhu vakasiyana, vose zvavo, nevakawanda mavambo kwavari - ndiyo kuvapo chero ngano imwe protoplast - Brahma, akazova chikuru mwari uyo vaitenda India yekare.

Cosmogony of India yekare

Ichangobva shanduro cosmogony muIndia yekare anoona munyika kwakavakirwa vanamwari vatatu vatatu wavamwari (unonzi Trimurti), rinoumbwa Brahma Musiki, Vishnu Guardian, Shiva Muparadzi. mabasa avo anotsanangurwa zvakajeka uye delineated. Saka, Brahma anosika zvakasikwa kutenderera anoramba Vishnu, uye Shiva anoparadza. Kunyange zvose - rokupedzisira zuva Brahma. Kamwe zvakasikwa anenge asisipo, kunouya usiku Brahma. 12 000 makore Divine - zviri cyclic uye nguva nezuva uye usiku. Gore rino ine zuva, iro riri akaenzana yevanhu pfungwa kwegore. Pashure pemakore zana Brahma muupenyu zviri chikatsiviwa Brahma itsva.

Kazhinji, zvitendero kukosha Brahma yechipiri. Uchapupu izvi kuvapo mutemberi maviri chete nokukudzwa kwake. Shiva uye Vishnu, nekusiyana, akawana widest mukurumbira, mudzoke kunyika zviviri simba kufamba dzechitendero - Shaivism uye Vaishnavism.

Kusika nyika Bhaibheri

History of Bible wenyika Zvinoshamisawo chaizvo mumaonero dzidziso pakusika zvinhu zvose. bhuku dzvene kuvaKristu uye vaJudha kwavowo rinotsanangura matangiro wenyika.

Pakusikwa kwenyika Mwari akafukidza mubhuku rokutanga reBhaibheri - "Genesis". Sezvakangoita vamwe ngano, ngano anotiudza kuti pakutanga hapana, kwete kunyange Earth. Kwaiva nerima zvikukutu, isina uye kuchitonhora. izvi zvose aifungisisa Mwari Wemasimbaose, uyo akasarudza ndiponesezve rugare. Akatanga bhizimisi rake yasikwa uye denga, vasina chaiyo siyana uye zvitarisiko. Pashure Wemasimbaose akasika chiedza uye rima raiparadzanisa kubva mumwe uye kudana, ukuwo, masikati nousiku. Izvi zvakaitika nemusi chisikwa chokutanga.

Pazuva rechipiri kokudenga akasikwa naMwari, akaparadzanisa mvura muzvikamu zviviri: chikamu chimwe akaramba kumusoro kwedenga, uye wechipiri - pasi payo. Zita zvokufonongonwa simbi denga.

Nezuva retatu aizivikanwa pakusika nyika Mwari akanga akataura Earth. Kuti aite izvi, akaunganidza zvose mvura yakanga pasi pedenga, panzvimbo imwe, uye akaritumidza negungwa. Kuti nezvinonhuhwira kumusoro chii watopiwa akasikwa, Mwari akasika miti uye uswa.

Zuva rechina zuva pakusika Zvinovheneka. Mwari akavasika kuti zviparadzanise masikati kubva pausiku, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vari nguva dzose akafukidza pasi. Nokuda Zvinovheneka akava zvinobvira zvibodzwa mazuva, mwedzi uye makore. Afternoon zuva richipenya zvikuru chiedza uye usiku - kupenya zvishoma - Moon (akabatsira nyeredzi).

Zuva rechishanu yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna kusikwa zvipenyu. The tanga akazviratidza hove, mhuka hwemvura uye shiri. Created aida Mwari, uye akasarudza kuwedzera nhamba yavo.

Pazuva rechitanhatu zvakanzi akasika zvisikwa kuti vagare panyika: dzomusango, mombe, nyoka. Sezvo zviitiko Mwari aiva mugove achiri iye akasika mubatsiri, achihudana murume akaita zvakafanana pachake. Murume aifanira kuva ishe wenyika yose yokugara uye kukura pariri, apo kuti Mwari akasiya ropafadzo yokutonga nyika.

Kubva muguruva renyika murume akaonekwa. Kuti tive kunyatsoenderana, zvakanzi nisa kubuda nevhu uye anonzi Adam ( "murume"). Mwari akaisa naye mubindu reEdheni - munyika yokudenga iyo yakafukidza ane simba rwizi, akafukidza miti yemichero huru uye zvinonaka.

Pakati muparadhiso paiva chaiwo miti miviri - muti wokuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa, uye muti woupenyu. Adam akanzi arinde weEdheni uye akamutarisira. Aigona kudya muchero upi muti kunze muti wokuziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Mwari iye akanyevera kuti nokudya muchero womuti iwoyo, Adhamu aizofa pakarepo.

Adhamu ainetseka ari oga mumunda, uye ipapo Mwari akaudza zvipenyu zvose kuti zviuye kumunhu. Adhamu akapa shiri dzose, hove, zvinokambaira uye mhuka mazita, asi haana kuwana munhu anogona kuva mubatsiri wake akakodzera. Ipapo Mwari akanzwira tsitsi Adhamu, akamuisa kuti avete, akabvisa nhavu yake kubva mumuviri wake ndokugadzira mukadzi kubva kwaari. Aking up, Adhamu akafara nechipo chakadaro, achifunga kuti mukadzi uyu achava shamwari yake yakatendeka, mubatsiri nomudzimai.

Mwari akavapa mirairo yekuzadza nyika, kuti ive yavo, kutonga pamusoro pehove dzegungwa, shiri dzekudenga nemamwe mhuka dzinofamba uye dzinokambaira pasi. Uye iye, aneta nokushanda kwake uye akagutsikana nezvose zvakasikwa, akasarudza kuzorora. Kubvira panguva iyo, zuva rechinomwe rega rega rinofungidzirwa sangano.

Izvozvo ndizvo zvakasikwa pasi rose masikati, vaKristu nevaJudha. Ichi chinoshamisa ndicho chidzidzo chekutanga chechitendero chevanhu ava.

Nhema pamusoro pokusika nyika yevanhu vakasiyana

Munzvimbo dzakawanda, nhoroondo yevanhu, ndeyekutanga, kutsvaga mhinduro kumibvunzo inokosha: chii chaiva pakutanga; Chinangwa chekusika rugare; Ndiani ndiye muumbi wayo. Kubva pamaonero evanhu vanogara panguva dzakasiyana uye mumamiriro akasiyana, mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzakawana kududzirwa komunhu mumwe nomumwe, iyo inowanzogona kusangana nekududzirwa kwekuvapo kworugare pakati pevanhu vanovakidzani.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vese vaitenda mukushandura kwavo, vakanamata mwari wavo kana vamwari, vakaedza kuparadzira dzidziso dzavo, chitendero, pamusoro pekugadzirisa runyararo pakati pevamiriri vemamwe marudzi uye nyika. Nhamba yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana mumugadziriro iyi yava chinhu chinokosha chezvinyorwa zvevanhu vekare. Vatsvene kwazvo vaitenda kuti zvinhu zvose munyika zvakasimuka zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakare. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvevanhu vakasiyana-siyana hapana nyaya imwe chete, apo zvinhu zvose zviripo panyika zvakaonekwa munguva pfupi.

Vanhu vekare vakaona kuberekwa uye kukura kwenyika nekuberekwa kwemurume uye kukura kwake: kutanga, murume anozvarwa munyika, kuwana ruzivo rutsva uye ruzivo; Zvino pane nguva yekuve uye kukura, apo ruzivo rwakagamuchira runoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva; Uye zvino inouya danho rekukwegura, kupera, izvo zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwehupenyu hwemunhu, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvaita kuti afe. Izvo zvakafanana nemafungiro aive mune maonero emadzitateguru edu nenyika: kuonekwa kwezvinhu zvose zvipenyu nekuda kweizvi kana kuti simba guru, kubudirira uye maruva, kupera.

Nhema uye nheyo dzakapararira kusvikira nhasi uno chikamu chinokosha munhoroondo yekukura kwevanhu, vachivabvumira kusanganisa mavambo avo nezvimwe zviitiko uye kuwana ruzivo rwekuti zvinhu zvose zvakatanga kupi.