Slutsk bhandi - a National pfuma Belarus. Museum of Slutsk mabhandi

Slutsk bhandi (kuruboshwe) - rudzi pfuma Belarusians, nhoroondo chiratidzo uye muchiso munyika, uyewo muenzaniso Zvakarurama art yacho XVIII remakore. Zvisinei, munyika yanhasi Belarus navo vashoma chaizvo.

Somuenzaniso, makore anoverengeka ari Minsk, National Art Museum akaratidza bhandi Russia, Ukraine uye Lithuania. Saka, ngationei rangarirai kuti iwe ichi akasikwa uye chii zvakanga kumirira mugumo.

kukanganisa masayendisiti

Nhoroondo Slutsk mabhandi ine yakatangira muzana XVI remakore, muna Commonwealth. Raiva ipapo nyanzvi uye akava nechikonzero chitarisiko chavo. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti kuti vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata kirasi rinobva yekare inowanzorimwa vanhu, izvo anozikamwa zvemadzimambo vaRoma uye vaGiriki - the Sarmatians. Kuti kubvuma uku ndiko riwedzere kuti kukura XVII remakore imwe dzidziso itsva - Sarmatian. Vairemekedzwa vaifarira mashoko aya, uye vakatanga kufunga pachavo vazukuru inowanzorimwa vanhu, uye vanhu vakaderera - zvinobva Slavs uye Balts.

Sezvo Sarmatians vaiva vanhu vokuMabvazuva, zviri nevakawanda zvikuru pakati vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata vakatanga kushandisa sirika mabhandi, dzakanga yabva Persia uye Turkey ari XVIII remakore. nguva dzakadaro vanoonekwa chiratidzo pfuma uye simba rayo muridzi, uyewo inokosha chezvinonhuwira vanonzi "Sarmatian" masutu. Saka, zviri kutsausa kare akakonzera chidzoke pamusoro Chiitiko pakati Slutsk mabhandi.

Start okuwana

Muzana XVIII remakore ari kwamachinda pakati Rzeczpospolita akasvika anenge 15% vemo. Naizvozvo, kudiwa Turkish sirika bhandi raiva guru zvakakwana. Uye, sezvo vachiti, kudiwa pave zvitengeswa.

Ipapo hetman of Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania Mikhail Kazimir Radziwill akatanga nepfungwa pagadzirwe micheka nokuti Turkish mharidzo iri Belarusian nyika. Muna 1757, musi mirairo yake kubva Turkey rakavanda akatorwa revaruki. Zvisinei, zvakanga chete chigadzikiso. Achiri vaida tenzi aiziva zvokuita zvemichina uye kuziva tsika wokuTurkey. Uye izvozvo inowanikwa. Hovhannes Madzharyants - tenzi Istanbul, vaigara Stanislav. Vanhu vaimuti Ian Madzharskim. Saka muna Commonwealth vaiva vokutanga Slutsk mabhandi. Factory (gadzira) pakutanga yaiva Nesvizh, asi gare gare (muna 1762) zvakanzi vakatamira Slutsk. Ikoko akashanda vamwe nguva. Nokudaro, runoenzanirana chigadzirwa zita.

Pamusoro unyanzvi

Pakutanga Slutsk manufactory akashanda tenzi chete Istanbul. Asi gare gare pakugona zvemichina uye Varuki omunharaunda uye vokumabvazuva nezvishongo uye mapatani pamusoro mabhandi vakatsiviwa munzvimbo motifs.

makore makumi maviri nemashanu (kubvira 1781) kuti roja fekitari raiva Leon Madzharsky - mwanakomana Turkish vatenzi, uyo akatanga kugadzirwa mu Belarus. Nokuti kuenderera bhizimisi yababa vake, uyewo mukuru kubudirira uye kubudirira mune munda uyu, akanga paakavapa hurumende mubayiro, vakagamuchira zita gota uye vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata rokuremekedza.

Unyanzvi vemo Varuki yakawedzera kusvetuka uye miganhu. Saka,-soro nenhanho kurimwa yazova maviri-nzira chetyrehlitsevoy Slutsk mabhandi. Chinhu chakadaro chakanga ichiita mabasa akawanda chaizvo: zvaiisa pazororo uye kuchema. Maererano Turkish tsika, chete vanhu vangazova vanatenzi. Maererano nengano, kana ruoko mukadzi kubata ndarama kana sirivha shinda, ivo dimmed. Saka, vakadzi vakanga vasingabvumirwi kunyange pedyo pachirukiso. Tenzi magadzirirwo okuwana, varume vaiva yokurovedza makore manomwe. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti nyaya yavo yakanga chete micheka. mapatani All nezvishongo yakaitwa nomumwe Artists.

vatevedzeri

The bhandi wava chinhu chinokosha chinhu mune wenguvo upi kuzvipira pamusoro wamambo. Slutskaya zvinogadzirwa manufactory akanakidzwa chaizvo kubudirira uye nokukurumidza anodzingwa kubva pamusika vorongerwa zvavo okumabvazuva. ari profitability of zvebhizimisi chakaita dzakavakidzana kudzokorora kubudirira ichi.

Saka, Rzeczpospolita King Stanisław August Poniatowski akasarudza kuti uvhure kurukiswa chigayo muguta Grodno. Uye ndakabvunza Radzivilov mhizha vaigona kurongedza kugadzirwa. Zvisinei, iye chakarambwa. Asi pasinei neizvi, fekitari yakavhurwa Grodno. Slutsk mabhandi akatanga kuumba kwese kubva Warsaw uye anopera guta reFrance Lyon.

Kurwisa yokunyepedzera nhumbi musi Radzivilov fekitari vakatanga inotora zvigadzirwa zvavo. Saka, bhandi nomumwe chakagadzwa Slutskj Tag-chitaridzi kuti inoratidza nzvimbo inoshandiswa: «Me fecit Sluciae» kana «Sluck». Kana Belarusian nyika dzakanga chikamu Russian Empire - "BB guta Slutsk".

madokero fekitari

Asi nokuda gadzira Slutskaya akawira pasi nguva yakaipa. Chechitatu Chikamu Commonwealth muna 1795 kwaiva kutanga kufamba kwokunokunda rechiFrench mufashoni. Kuwanda Slutsk mabhandi zvikuru ipfupi. Pakutanga vakanga vachangobva kuvanzwa kure mumabhokisi, uye ipapo zvachose vakatanga kupa chechi uye machechi. Vamwe vakapiswa kuwana simbi dzinokosha. Mumwe Slutsk mabhandi ane kusvika zana magiramu nesirivha nendarama.

1831 aiva pakachinja munhoroondo manufactory. Mushure kumukira, zviremera Russian vakarambidza zvachose kwokupfeka zvokupfeka vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, uye saka bhandi. Muna 1848, kuti fekitari akadzivira Slutsk.

Mari pa chikwata

Belarusian wenhau Adam Maldis yakafungidzira kuti panguva ivepo Slutskaya fekitari yakabereka anenge 5000 zvikamu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo nemamwe. Pashure kuguma bhandi XIX remakore yakarasikirwa kwayo kushanda, vane unyanzvi ukoshi. Uye mamiziyamu, uye pasiri vateresi vakatanga kuunganidza navo. Somuenzaniso, akakurumbira uye akabudirira Russian mushambadzi Schukin anenge maviri emakore vachivhimei navo nevaitenga Vilna uye Warsaw Antiquaries. muunganidzwa wake ikazopiwa State Historical Museum. Uye, maererano nenyanzvi, inoitwa 60 nezvimedu ne80 mapazi yose.

Pane uchapupu hwokuti muna 1939 Nesvizh Castle Radzivilov akaramba bhandi 32, izvo 16 vaiva Slutskaya. The muunganidzwa hwakatamisirwa State Art Gallery of BSSR. Zvisinei, munguva neGermany, akanga anyangarika.

To musi, 11 chete akaramba ari munyika dzine zvose pamusoro nyika, iyo 5 - Slutsk, uye vamwe - makopi akaita kunze. Kazhinji, nhamba chaiyo mabasa aya uri munharaunda Russia, Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania uye dzimwe nyika, zvisingaiti.

Nhasi, ari Slutsk

Sezvo 2012 in Belarus nokuda President wegungano nehurumende, ane basa iri ndiponesezve tsika uye unyanzvi kugadzirwa Slutsk mabhandi.

On nzvimbo yekare manufactory riri zvakapoteredza meme "Slutsk mabhandi". kambani iyi yakaumbwa muna 1930 sezvo pamwe, kubatanidza embroiderers, varuki, akashanda chetsika emaoko nhaka kuMudzidzisi unyanzvi uye noumhizha. Muna 2011, boka vakapemberera ayo 75th mhembero. Huru zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa panguva fekitari - ichi bedspreads, matauro, napkins, zvidhori uye matkamuistoja. Zvose zvinoitwa noruoko kunyatsonzwisisa kuenda apa - "Krosno".

Kubva 2012 Slutsk akatanga kubudisa maBhaibheri Slutsk mabhandi, uyewo matkamuistoja siyana avo vavariro (nenhumbi mabhuku, makiyi, phones, unyanzvi noukomba, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Makore vachidzidza zvakavanzika Varuki uye unyanzvi zvaidiwa ounyanzvi zviri XVIII remakore rokutanga vakanga vasina pasina - the kambani anosikwa refu-akanganwa akasiyana rwokugadzira. Saka, rokutanga Slutsk mabhandi (mufananidzo) - akakwana kopi kare Paaidzidzisa - chaipiwa kuna President of Zimbabwe Belarus. Nhasi iye inoshongedza Independence Palace.

Products "Slutsk mabhandi" dzakakurumbira chaizvo nhasi. Pano unogona kutenga tablecloths akanaka, Belarusian matauro, napkins uye zvakawanda. Uye kwete zvinhu, asi basa chairo art.

Museum of Slutsk mabhandi

The kambani inoshandisa rakasiyana miziyamu. Ikoko unogona kuona kuti maBhaibheri uye zvimedu ounyanzvi, shanduro dzemazuva ano, uye ona kuti vari vakaita.

Museum of History of Slutsk mabhandi rinosanganisira makamuri akawanda. The mapazi rokutanga - "germinales nhoroondo." Pano unogona kuona sei kuchinja pakuonekwa Slutsk mabhandi panguva dzakasiyana, mune marudzi akasiyana.

Zone "Slutsk nebhandi" Anozvirumbidza mabasa yepakutanga ounyanzvi pamusoro XVIII remakore, uye ayo makopi uye zvimedu. Zvino dhipatimendi kuti "gadzira" inowanika kubva mamiriro kweShanduro XVIII remakore.

Hall "Palace Fragment Radzivilov" - anosikwa chidimbu Nesvizh Castle nguva. Pashure Radziwill vaimiririra rimwe vakapfuma, zvikuru, uye vokuPoland-Lithuanian huru. Castle wavo luxuriously yakarongedzwa, akashongedzwa mifananidzo kubudikidza rakakurumbira vemifananidzo, uye akafukidza rugs Persian. Kusiyana anokudzwa makamuri "Vanhu Zone" unogona kuona sei waiva upenyu vanhuwo zvavo.

The miziyamu ibhuku rakasiyana muchina, zvakagadzirirwa nokuda German chakasimba Mageba, kunyanya nokuti rokuvakazve Slutsk mabhandi. It inotongwa pamakombiyuta maviri, chine 6 shuttles uye 1,200 shinda. Analogues kuti muchina uyu munyika imomo.

nyaya mutengo

Nhasi pamusoro rakasiyana midziyo anosikwa Slutsk mabhandi. How zvikuru vari ounyanzvi zvakadai? Maererano kutungamirira Artist mafekitari, makopi Slutsk mabhandi achaita mari vatengi pakati 10 uye 50 miriyoni rubles. Zviri kubva 1000 kusvika 5000 US madhora.

Kwete chisingakoshi, saka kutaura. mutengo uyu kupi? Kunyange nhasi, pamwe zvemazuva ano, zviri basa guru. Nokuumba mapazi zvinotora maawa anenge 60! The kwacho anoshandisa mutete chaizvo neshinda nesirika, ine goridhe nesirivha. Uye kana iwe kuwedzera kumhanya kugadzirwa, vanogona kurega. Kwokupedzisira mutengo rinoumbwa, zvichienderana nokureba bhandi, uyewo uwandu anokosha simbi inoshandiswa kwayo kusona.