Bridge pamusoro Bosphorus: pfupi kubva Europe kusvikira Asia

Turkey - ichi pamwe ndiyo nyika chete rwevharanda zvikamu zviviri kwenyika; European uye Asian. zvikamu izvi disconnects ari Bosphorus. Saka kuti vanhu vanogona kufamba vakasununguka uye kuenda munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti mvura hazvirevi kuva chipingamupinyi ushamwari uye reunification dzavanhu, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka zambuko pamusoro Bosphorus mu Istanbul.

First Bosphorus Bridge

zambuko ichi kwaiva anorembera zvivako chakavakwa pamusoro Bosphorus. Saka, kufanana zita iri. Narrows Bridge rinobatanidza Asian uye European Mahombekombe. Maminitsi mashoma uye murume effortlessly anoenda kubva Europe kusvikira Asia ndiEzekieri.

Mumwe mutongi Persian Dhariyasi I akarota kuti bhiriji yakavakwa, izvo aizova "connector" pakati makondinendi maviri. zambuko ichi akaita basa rinokosha mune wavarindi urongwa. Kuti ndiwane guru Aleksandra Makedonskogo, zvakanga zvakafanira kutakura varwi mhiri Strait wePezhiya. Kana paiva zambuko, uye vaSitiya zvingava nyore kukunda. zviroto Imperial - mutemo ruvanze. Muna 480 BC, zambuko pamusoro Bosphorus yakavakwa. Zvisinei, pagadzirwe.

Kubvira ipapo kwapfuura kupfuura remakore, uye pfungwa pazvinhu zvivako haasiyi zvose vatongi musoro. Uye pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kuchiteshi kambani Bosphorus Sultan Abdul Hamid II akakumbirwa kuvaka zvachose zambuko. Zvisinei, chete yokupedzisira chakazoitwa makore anenge 50 kushandura pfungwa iyoyo.

Ndiani, kana uye zvakadini

Muna 1950, kuripisa zambuko akanga akaronga. Basa raiva brainchild zvemainjiniya kubva UK W. Brown uye G. Roberts. Zvisinei, kungofanana chisikwa chikuru, chikuru urongwa ndechokuvamirira ake nguva kubwinya. Makore 20 chete gare gare, muna 1970, basa rokuvaka rakatanga.

Muna 1973, ramakumi mashanu gore pamusoro Turkish Republic. Just panguva iyoyo zuva, uye rakanga nenguva yokutanga kuvaka. Kuvaka zambuko pamusoro Bosphorus, hurumende aifanira kubhadhara $ 200 miriyoni, uye mazita muvambi Republic of Ataturk.

Bhiriji ine mapoka matatu nokuda kwemutemo nemotokari. Uyewo ine Lanes maviri kuenda kwakasiyana-siyana, izvo chinoita motokari dzenjodzi mabasa. Kuti vayambuke zambuko, unofanira kuisa imwe mari. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kumutadzisa kuita kwavo munzira motokari vanenge mamiriyoni 200 zuva nezuva. Pane nzira munofamba nevanhu. Zvisinei, nokufamba nazvo hakubvumidzwi, sezvo ndicho kufarira nzvimbo kuzviuraya.

The zvachose kureba zambuko pamusoro Bosphorus ndiye 1510 metres, yakafara ndiyo 39 mamita. Nhasi kuvaka iri rechi17 nzvimbo pakati ose kuturika mabhiriji munyika. It riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 64 metres pamusoro mvura.

Second Bosphorus Bridge

Pane vari Istanbul uye yechipiri zambuko pamusoro Bosporus. Rine zita Sultan Mehmed Fatih. Akava kubatana nebazi European Istanbul (Rumeli Hisar) uye Asian chikamu aimbova guta guru Turkey (Andal Hisar). The zambuko yakavakwa kubva 1985 kusvika 1988. Zvimwe zvinoitwa rechipiri zambuko kudarika wokutanga. Nechepakati zvisikwa rakachengetedzwa apedza zvakawanda Finance uye chikuru span zviri kakawanda kwenguva. Saka, kureba chechipiri mamiriro chinosanganisira 1510 metres, upamhi - 39 mamita. Ndiye nzvimbo nemiviri pakati zvikuru mabhiriji zvenyika. Kukwirira shongwe dzaro ane 165 metres, nepo nowakautangira anogona 'kuzvirumbidza "nhamba iri makubhiti 105 chete.

Uye wechitatu nokukurumidza vachatitaka

Istanbul zviremera vakasarudza kuvaka zambuko wechitatu pamusoro Bosphorus. Guta guru rekare umambo vatatu vakanga vakatotanga basa panyaya iyi. Huro racho wakapindwa pamusoro vakuru vehurumende. mutengo wayo mutengo Turkey $ 3,3 billion. Zvisinei, zvinokosha, nokuti akagadzira zvichiitirwa kuderedza aivapo penzira.

New chivakwa uchanzi pashure Yavuz Sultan Selim. Woumambo mitemo hweTurkey muzana remakore rechi16. zambuko Izvi nenzira dzakawanda kupfuura "hama" dzavo vakura. Zvichaita kutakura Lanes masere kuti motokari uye vaviri - nokuti njanji senga. Yakafara achaita panofanira 59 mita kukwirira - 320 metres, uye kureba chikuru span - 1408 mamita. parameters izvi zvose nezveramangwana rounyanzvi ose mapurani. Vavaki uye hurumende urongwa kupedza basa rose pamberi 2015.

Views of zambuko

Kana iwe tarisa pakutanga zambuko pamusoro Bosphorus, chinhu asi simbi uye kongiri, uye haangaoni. Kuti unzwisise kunaka chivezwa, zvakafanira kuziva chaizvoizvo apo zvakanaka kurapwa. Kana ukafamba masikati, maonero huru bhiriji hwomukova kubva muchikepe, kukunaya yakamanika. Kubva nechokure unogona kuzviona pane imwe aitarire, uye sokunge nhete shinda. Pane chitendero kuti kana waita vanokundikana akayangarara pasi zambuko, unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti uchauya rechokwadi.

Zvisinei, mumwe zvechokwadi yakanaka Ataturk Bridge usiku kana manheru. Gara pasi aine girazi waini tsvuku mune rimwe maresitorendi pamahombekombe ari Bosphorus, uye nakidzwa zvikuru nzvimbo dzokuona. Kana zviri murima, bhiriji zviedza mavara Iridescent mwenje. The chiseko zviripo naye kupedzera kanenge chete usiku chete.