Ngano "Hama Vaviri": chii chinangwa choupenyu?

Chaiko uye basa kwouzivi L. N. Tolstogo uye aikosheswa zvikuru vaairarama kwaizotevera zvizvarwa, uyewo vezvitendero enyika, uye vanyori kunyika dzose uye vanhu. Hapana akaramba hanya basa rake: hapana French munyori A. Morua kana Indian muzivi uye enyika mutungamiri Mahatma Gandhi, hapana Russian muzivi VV Rozanov kana Christian A. Men. NdiTolstoy vazhinji vaiona unbeatable. Akafunga, akanyora, akaronga chechikoro vana Yasnaya Polyana, uye haana kufunga kubwinya kwake.

puraimari

Pamusoro pamudyandigere ake, akaenda Europe, Leo muna 1859, paaiva nemakore 30 okuberekwa, akazarura chikoro murimi mudiki vana, waakanga aona yemberi Lomonosov, Pushkin. Nemamwe mashoko, anokosha zvinokosha. Vadzidzi vari muchikoro yakanga zvishoma (-nomwe matatu), asi vakomana nevasikana vashanu vaiva pamwe chete, izvo haana kugamuchirwa muchikoro ino panguva.

Basic dzidzo zvinotaurwa NdiTolstoy

Yasnaya Polyana kunyanya vadzidzisi vanotenda kuti zvakakosha vanokura okusika munhu. Uye sei? Vana vanofanira kutanga:

• nekuonekwa;
• kukwanisa kufunga vakazvimiririra;
• kukwanisa kunzwa zvakadzama;
• kufarira chitendero.

Uyewo vanofanira kuremekedza unhu mwana uye kufungawo kuti ane zvikanganiso.

Kuwedzera kwakadaro yaizivikanwa nyaya sezvo kuverenga, kunyora, svomhu, nhoroondo, chikoro, kuverenga mabhuku, kufamba-Tours mupaki, mumunda uye mubindu. Vaiva nyaya Mukuru Patriotic Hondo 1812, rinotaura anorayiridza nyaya. Wakatangwa, uye basa kudzidzisa - kuveza nevana yaizivikanwa okurima basa. NdiTolstoy akatsvaka zvinhu zvose kunonakidza uye anobatsira vana.

mabhuku chevana

Mumakore iwayo, paiva zvishoma kufarira uye anodiwa nemabasa zvakanyorwa kunyanya vana.

L. N. NdiTolstoy akatsvaka chinetso ichi. Kubva 1862, akatanga kunyora nyaya pfupi, arufabheti, rengano, kuti ndiye zvose kuti vana vanogona kudzidza nyore pasina kunetseka. Pakati pavo ngano, "Hama Vaviri", iro dzichakurukurwa pazasi. The ABC aiva vanodhirowa, izvo zvinoratidza nyaya pfupi.

Achibatsirwa LN NdiTolstoy zvikoro makumi maviri akazarura ari munharaunda.

A anonyevera ngano dzinotaurwa nevanhu Leo NdiTolstoy

Sezvo nyaya inotanga, "Hama Two"? On the rwendo, apo hama, zvichida vakuru vaiva nounyanzvi kuverenga uye kunyora. Pavainge akarara pasi kuti zororo masikati musango. Vakati akamuka, vakaona pedyo ibwe, apo pakanga zvinyorwa. Ndizvo akaita rungano, "Hama Vaviri" anotanga. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatora kuti Mabhuku eBraille pamusoro payo. Vafambi vari akakumbira kuenda kunobuda zuva, ipapo kuyambuka rwizi, tora vana vayo kubva nebere uye kumhanya, kwete kutarira shure kugomo. Uye richava imba, uye muimba rufaro ikoko. Ngano "Hama Vaviri" kunozarura intonation ichi.

Chii vaiva hama

Hama, kunyange vaiva mhuri uye vakakwira nenzira Zvisinei, vakanga vakasiyana. Mukuru mukoma vakasvika acho nokungwarira, hunoshanda uye nyore. Haana kutenda akanyorwa, akaona shure iyi nematambudziko akawanda uye chokwadi chaizvo kuti mufaro unogona kuwanikwa. Kwete saka Zvakazoonekwa kuti zviduku. Zvakanga kudanana, azere dzokuzvikoshesa kutenda, tsunga, vakashinga uye kushinga. Aida akunde zvipingamupinyi zvose uye vawane mufaro. Saka kubvira pakutanga chaipo munhu rungano, "Hama Vaviri" anoratidza vanhu sei zvakasiyana.

Hama vakakurukura zvose zvakanyorwa ibwe. Junior aida kuenda pamwe kutsvaka pfuma yake. Senior akaona zvibingamupinyi zvakawanda: zvichida izvi zvose nhema uye zvakanyorwa ibwe, asi kana chokwadi, zvinokwanisika kuti vakarasika mumasango, kuti tisanzwe murwizi, kana kuparadzwa mukati pakurwiswa vane kudzivirira vana vayo. Uye pakupedzisira, kana zvose kukurira, zviri asingazivikanwi kana mufaro vanofanira kupa ibwe. Jr. akapa zvikonzero ake: hapana kunyora hapana achava ibwe, edza kutsvaka mufaro zvakakodzera, kana musingadi kushanda, ipapo iwe musingadi kuzadzisa chero mufaro, uye pakupedzisira, haana kuda kuonekwa gwara.

Mumwe nomumwe zvaanofunga. Senior akasarudza arege kuzviisa pangozi uye haana kwaamboenda. Nzira akaenda munin'ina. Sezvo iri rungano, hama mbiri mariri hazvo kugamuchira zvose kwakakodzera. Mukoma chokwadi yakavimbika upenyu hwakadzikama, uye Junior anogutsikana kuti mufaro unogona kuwanikwa, kunyange yakaoma uye pakufamba.

Sezvo akaratidza hama kutenda

Vanotsanangura kuti zvirevo zviri rungano "The Brothers Two" NdiTolstoy:

Vane polar zvakapesana: wose ane chokwadi chavo. Ndiro huru pfungwa rungano, "Hama Vaviri": pfungwa upenyu uye mufaro anonzwisisa nzira yavo. Saka, havana kuvhuna hama.

adventures

Munun'una akabudirira kukurira zvipingamupinyi zvose uye vawane umambo. Kwemakore mashanu aiva mambo, uye ipapo kwakauya muvengi, uye akarasikirwa hondo, akatangazve rwendo rwake uye akadzokera kumba.

Chii akawana pamba

Zvino imba yakanga zvose vachiri - kana murombo kana vafumi. Hama dzakatanga kukurukura zvaitika kwavari.
Uye mukuru zvakachenjera akati kuti kunyange zvazvo maduku uye aiva mambo, asi akarasikirwa uye kusuwa kuona. Hama vachiri kutaura zvose zvakasiyana. Izvi kunosimbiswa ndima kubva rungano, "Hama Two". Ndizvo akaudza muduku kuti kutaura vakura: "Kunyange zvazvo ini zvakaipa ikozvino asi une kupemberera upenyu hwangu, uye iwe uye yeuka, ndine chinhu."

The somuzivi huru, dzakadai kuti inogona kuenzaniswa vaprofita yemubhaibheri, Leo NdiTolstoy zvakajeka uye nyore akaswedera nzira mbiri kuupenyu. Muenzaniso nyaya wose anogona kusarudza chii pedyo naye.