Ndezvipi wegamma mwaranzi?

Pashure kuwanikwa zvinhu hunokwanisa vaingoerekana akabuda zvokutanga nezvimedu (somugumisiro redhiyo achine kuora) atanga kudzidza ehupfumi dzavo. Active kuita kutsvaka zvitsva uye kuronga aripo nokuziva wefizikisi akatora Curies vakakurumbira uye Rutherford. Kuti akakwanisa kuvhura wokutanga wegamma mwaranzi. Akavanunura kuedza aiva nyore uye, panguva imwe chete, penya.

The nemwaranzi mabviro akabatwa Radium. Gobvu-kutungamirira capacitance kuita rakamanikana buri. Pazasi kunoguma mugero pakuiswa Radium. Kure diki kubva mugaba perpendicular kusvika akaberekera akabatana photosensitive nhengo raiva - ndiro. Pakakoromoka pakati payo uye mugaba pamwe radioactive inokosha midziyo aigona vaunze munhu remagineti dzakakwirira zvikuru, mitsetse makakatanwa akanga akatarisa akaererana photosensitive ndiro. zvinhu zvose kunze munda jenareta vari kuita airless ezvinhu, kubvisa zvinokonzerwa mhepo pamusoro maatomu ari kuedza mugumisiro. Kana Rutherford kuteerera pfungwa iyi wegamma mwaranzi aigona kuzarura mumwe.

Pasina rinobva simba pamusoro chitete yakaitika rima panzvimbo, achiratidza rectilinear Mashoko mwaranzi (rimwe divi nyore akagura kutungamirira mugaba masvingo). Asi zvakanga zvakakwana kuti kuonekwa kuti simba remagineti, vaviri photosensitive vanzwe wegadziriro yakaitika mavara matatu chete. Izvi zvaireva kuti zvimwe zvacho chaibwinya nokuda Radium, deflecting munda. Rutherford akataura kuti danda chinosanganisira zvinenge zvitatu zvinoriumba. Character kutsauka akataura kuti tudonhwe matanda maviri wemagetsi mutariri, uye danda rechitatu electrically kwazvakarerekera. Uyezve, mashoko akaipa chezvinonhuwira chiitiko mwaranzi vakatsauka zvakawanda raidudzwa pane zvakanaka. Electrically kwazvakarerekera zvinoriumba - ndiwo wegamma mwaranzi. Chinoumba ine kunaka vebasa inonzi Beta-mwaranzi, uye pakupedzisira, zvakanaka kupomera - Arifa-ray.

Kunze chokwadi kuti kuzvibata zvakasiyana mune remagineti, kuti mwaranzi vane ehupfumi zvakasiyana. Wegamma mwaranzi vanokwanisa kupinda nhau kwenguva kure. Saka, vatungamirire bwendefa 1 masendimita ukobvu zvinoderedza kuchinyanya zvavo kaviri chete. Alpha-danda unogona kumiswa kunyange nhete papepa. Asi Beta nemwaranzi anopindura ane zvenguva nzvimbo: kumisa aibuda simbi kunogona kuva millimeters mashoma gobvu.

It vakazoroorwa yakabuda kuti:

• Beta ranzi ndiyo norwizi isakarurama mhosva nezvimedu (maerekitironi), kutamira panguva kumhanya;
• Alpha-ray - a nehelium neerekitironi, mudanga chaizvo inotungamirwa;
• wegamma ranzi - mufananidzo remagetsi nemafungu. The akabuda chakarondedzera mutsetse zvachose, sezvo emitting musimboti kunoratidzwa discrete simba inoti. Ivo vari muchimiro kuparadzira simba siyana chaibwinya photons. Shoko rokuti "wegamma-ray" iri kuramba kushandiswa kwete chete kutsanangura muitiro yokushata radioactive, asiwo, kazhinji, nokuti zvose zvakaoma zvakaita remagetsi mwaranzi iyo unoenderana nechimwe quantum simba haasi asingasviki 10 keV. Kunobva kwakadai achine vari maerekitironi maatomu kufara marongerwo. Surplus simba anotamisa maerekitironi kuti yakakwirira simba nhanho. Kubva ipapo, havana kudzokera dzakamboitika pakusava, ichibudisa nemwaranzi muchimiro maekisirei kana chiedza (remagetsi mafungu). The chakarondedzera remagetsi mwaranzi panyaya wegamma-ray riri duku zvikuru uye yaiva hapana anopfuura 5 * 0.001 nm nokuda iyo zvikuru kunyatsooneka ehupfumi zviri nezvimedu, pane mafungu.