Sau "Hyacinth". Self-propelled atirari chokugadza 2S5 "Hyacinth": hwokugadzira nokurondedzerwa uye mapikicha

Vanhu vakawanda vaifarira mumunda mauto zvombo wakagadzwa pacharwo zvisizvo nenzira dzakawanda kuti kanoni atirari iri kuitika ezvinhu ave chinenge hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo. Uye chaizvoizvo: zvingava sokuti, nokuti chii, kana nekutonga muhondo zvombo? Tora nguva yako, kwete nyore.

Chokwadi chokuti kanoni atirari vari isingadhuri zvikuru kugadzira uye kushanda. Uyezve, pasi kushandisa projectiles vane faibha-Laser-kutungamirirwa ( "Kitolov-2"), zviri anokwanisa (pamusoro dzose kure, Chokwadi) kuratidza kuva zvishoma chaizvo kupfuura zvombo, migumisiro muhondo. Usakanganwa nezvomukana kushandisa zvenyukireya warheads diki. Munguva imwe hondo huru, zvinogona chaizvo kubatsira.

Ndokusaka nhasi tichakurukura ACS "Hyacinth" - chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza mugadziriro mukirasi iyi.

prehistory

Panguva Second World War, kuzvicheka-propelled atirari pfuti makasimbisa pachavo sezvo simba uye ngozi chombo imwe, kuvapo vakakoniwa kazhinji kusarudza mhedzisiro pakurwa nyasha mumwe kana imwe pati kuti kunetsana. mutengo wavo akanga yekudyidzana kudzika kupfuura tangi, asi pasi zvimwe zvinhu, zvakachipa uye kunyanya zvakanaka warrior motokari vaigona zvinobudirira kuparadza rinorema muvengi dzokurwa. Nokuti nyika yedu, zvakanga zvikuru panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa hondo, kana uto midziyo iri chaizvo pfupi, uye kugadzirwa kwayo aifanira husava uye kuderedza mutengo.

Anenge zvose motorized inifanduri mapoka USSR ari yepashure pehondo akanga vakapakata Matangi uye kuzvidzora propelled pfuti nezvinhu zvakavhenganiswa hwaro. Mumwe motorized pfuti hondo yakanga Qualitative atirari zvombo, inomiririra wenguva bhatiri SU-76. Sezvineiwo zvakawedzera inorwara mamwe atirari zvombo, hwakasikwa mumakore ehondo.

ACS All, kupinzwa basa iyoyo, akanga achida chete kuti vatsigire kurwisa inifanduri muhondo. Zvisinei, mune post-hondo muchiuto dzidziso vari kuramba varwere kushandisa anozvipira propelled vezvikwata kana pane matangi.

Mumakore 50-60, basa ACS nguva dzose pakugumburwa. Kazhinji kwakanga mubvunzo mumwe kumbomira zvakakwana kugadzirwa dzavo uye yokutsiva ichi mhando matangi, zvombo. Saka, vashoma chaizvo matsva yokutevedzera kuzvinyima propelled pfuti yakagadzirwa pakati pezana 60s. Vanenge vose inobva yekare tangi chassis panguva Second World War, yokusimbisa itsva warrior Corps.

The Kuderera of indasitiri

Mukupera 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore, Nikita Khrushchev, munhu vaneshungu kurudza pamusoro chombo, akaita simba kutopedza vanorega pakati barreled zvombo muSoviet Union. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, hatina lagged shure kwadzo vavengi kupfuura makore gumi. kakawanda History akaranga USSR kuti chikanganiso ichi: mukati 60s zvakava pachena kuti kukosha kanoni atirari akasara nenguva chechetere. Kunyanya zvakajeka akasimbisa pechiitiko China, pashure iyo Munyori General akaita rakadzokororwa maonero ake panyaya iyi.

Ipapo Kuomintang kunge akaisa bhatiri yose kumberi American howitzers uye akatanga chinyararire kuti moto yakaoma China. Chinese yedu nemakurukota zvechiuto dzaiva chaizvo netsa nzvimbo. Vaiva pfuti M-46 caliber 130 neMM, asi projectiles havana kusvika yomuvengi mabhatiri kunyange aine tailwind. Mumwe mazano eSoviet zvinganaka imwe nzira yepakutanga, kuzadzisa chinangwa, zvakanga zvakakodzera sezvariri vanofanira anodziya ari anoshongwa!

mativi Vose vakashamiswa, asi mabiko akabudirira. Iyi yakabatsira atevere kukura muna 1968 pamusoro ACS "Hyacinth". zvisikwa Its akanzi Nyanzvi Permian.

Areas Webasa

Sezvo basa raida kupedzisa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, kugadzirwa aenda nenzira mbiri. Nyanzvi vave kushanda mumunda anozvipira propelled uye towed pfuti (Codes "C" uye "B" ukuwo). Huru atirari kudzora pakarepo basa michina iyi rokuti 2A36 uye 2A37. Chinokosha akanga akasiyana ballistics, asiwo chaiyo zvombo vakange zvakananga ACS "Hyacinth" kwete chete. 152 mm - a zvakajairika saizi, asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti vari Soviet Army haana zvimwe zvombo caliber raigona kushandiswa kuzvidzora propelled muzvikamu izvi.

tsananguro

In Perm akasikwa zvakananga atirari chikwata muna Yekaterinburg akagadzira chassis, uye Institute KUTI zvakanakisisa nyanzvi akafunga kusika zvikuru akakodzera kwakadaro zvombo hurongwa. Nechekare muna 1969 Komisheni maviri zvokusarudza ane ACS idzva vakanga aronga: mune conning-shongwe uye shongwe shanduro. Chakazobvumwa chechipiri. Muna 1970, hurumende akatanga nzira renguva pamwero basa iri ACS "Hyacinth". Pakutanga 1971, "kutongwa voruzhinji," wokutanga kanoni caliber 152 mm vakanga akabvuma, asi nokuda unavailability pamusoro vachiridzira anoshongwa kuzununguswa.

The vashandi kuti "Hyacinth C 'ine navashanu. On huru motokari anogona kufamba aimhanya anosvika 60 km / h, simba kuchengeterwa inenge 500 makiromita. Dzimba yakaitwa kubva dzokurwa ndiro (aruminiyamu chiwanikwa) pamwe Ukobvu 30 mm kuburikidza Welding. zvombo uku haasi Zvisinei kupa chero zvakakwana kudzivirira taita, kunyange rinorema zvigwagwagwa, asi nekuda muhondo mishoni kunge zvikurukuru zvakanaka kufunga kuburikidza nzvimbo muchina pasi.

Chimwe chinetso Fitting "Hyacinth C" ndiwo mwero yaro panzvimbo yakaderera - kwete vaitenderera anopfuura mashanu paminiti. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nerubatsiro zvombo rinoitwa manually, uye saka pasi zvikuru rwisana kukarukureta anogona taneta, mamwe akazoita kunyatsoshanda yacho loading. Asi - apa hunhu dzechando Russian, hazvishamisi muchitonhorera pamusoro muchiuto kuvhura pfuti, kwete akafukidzwa shongwe. Kunyange nechiso Chechen "inotonhora," nguva, kwave kune zviitiko frostbite Masvomhu "Hyacinth".

Developers anogona kuva chikonzero kunze ndechokuti izvi pakutanga aronga panguva ACS hondo "inotonhora". Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti akasikirwa zvakananga hondo mabasa Western Europe, apo tembiricha chando kashoma kuona pazasi 7-8 Celsius. Zvakakwana kuyeuka kuti BMP-1, yakagadzirirwa chete ezvinhu, haisi nzira yakanaka akaratidza muna Afghanistan (kunyange nezvikonzero zvakasiyana).

Powerplant uye chassis

Engine-kutapukirwa mupanda iri pamberi redzimba. Power chirimwa aimiririra V-zvakaumbwa injini V-59, V-akaumbwa inokwana 520 zvapano The peculiarity ndechokuti riri configured muna akaumbwa pamwechete maviri-rukova hutachiwana. Kamuri kuti pfuti nomubati kurudyi injini. Pakarepo pamberi womubati cupola raiva kubasa ari mutyairi. Pakarepo vachirwa mupanda riri nechepakati chikamu redzimba. Anoshongwa vari wehunyambiri kuisira.

Sokushandiswa ichi muchina chassis chaizvoizvo akafanana yakashandiswa paaisika Sau "Acacia". Sezvo vaizviita propelled chikwata ndohwaJehovha rakavhurika mhando chombo akatasva pachena. Nyaya iyi akaibvumira kuti motokari zvishoma pfupi. Sezvo nepfuti pagomo "Hyacinth" ane iduku kana ichienzaniswa (hama vezera), zviri nyore kutakura nendege.

Pakutanga kushongedzera muchina mutsva PKT, asi pfungwa iyi haina wokurera. Gare gare, richiri vakabatsira kuti basa zvakare. Pakazosvika 1972, vakanga pakupedzisira vakagadzirira zvirongwa zvose "Hyacinth" mhando chiridzwa yoga-nyaya nzira kuchaja. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva iyoyo yakatanga musiyano wezvinyorwa pamwe kartuznymi mhosva. Zvisinei, pfungwa iyi haana kuzununguswa kupfuura yokunyora nokudhirowa. In dzinotevedzana anozvipira propelled pfuti "Hyacinth" akapinda muna 1976, uye pakarepo vakatanga saturation mauto itsva rwokugadzira.

Combat "run" magadzirirwo itsva iri Afghanistan, muchiuto pakarepo akapa ichi kuzvidzora propelled kuisa akawanda maitiro kumeso. Vakanga kunyanya mwoyo simba bhomba, izvo zvinogona vakabudirira kushandiswa kuparadza simba Taliban masvingo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kuzvicheka-propelled 152-mm pfuti "Hyacinth" vakagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa rokuti kuti "kuparadza rudzi," izvo anotaura muhondo yayo simba.

Features pfuti

2A37 pfuti magadzirirwo akanaka mureza: nenyere-chimedu, kuti breech uye munyaradze akamedura, pasina izvozvo havazokwanisi chokuita kudaro anoyevedza caliber. Nenzira kutaura, zvinoreva kuti mhando pakakoromoka. Semi-otomatiki shutter, skalochnogo mhando chinjikira misalignment. Gun angafanirwa ane akamedura hydraulic damping mhando hazviiti uye recuperator (pneumatic), rutivi randinogara mune kuti sepombi ayo rakakunguruswa pamwe Upfu. Zviduku rollback - 730 neMM, mukuru - 950 mm.

Rammer cheni-mhando chinoshanda matanho maviri: kutanga anotumira projectile kupinda breech, uye chete pashure zvose zvakakodzera ruoko. Gadzirisa basa vashandi sectoral kusimuka uye wekushanduka zvigadziriswe. Anoshandura pfuti uri nyore muchina, izvo mudziyo anobvisa anongoda zvose zvikuru Kuparara.

Other zvinhu

Munzvimbo chinjikira nzvimbo pfuti rinogona vafurira mukati ° 30. Features hunotaura vertically - kubva -2,5 ° kusvika 58 °. Cannon yakazarirwa zvakasimba nhoo iyo inodzivirira muchina vashandi kubva mabara, shrapnel uye kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa ikabereka panguva vachiridzira. Shield kunoitwa nyore punching kubva chete Pepa dzokurwa simbi. Zvakare, kuti "Hyacinth" - Sau. Photos vanoratidza yakaderera kuchengeteka yake zvakanaka. Ichi chiri unyanzvi izvi nokuti kuti nokuda yakananga apesane muvengi hauna kuitirwa.

Zvinotyisa vanomirirwa nyore zvokuimba pamberi D726-45 akaronga pamwe PG-1M Panorama pfuti. Kutungamirirwa pamusoro kuchangobva uye chinoonekwa zvikuru vanonangwa zvakagadzirirwa riflescope OP4M-91A. Pfuti anoyera 10.800 makirogiramu.

Information pamusoro chassis uye zvombo

Kuti fananidza kuti chassis ACS 2S5 "Hyacinth" yakavakwa pamusoro chete mujinga kwakaita otomatiki kuzvidzora hurongwa 2S3 "Acacia". Sezvakaita ne "Acacia", vose zvombo anoiswa mukati mumuviri, asi nerubatsiro zvombo kuti pfuti manually. Panze, ari rwemberi motokari, vakatasva hombe ndiro stabilizer. It hunogara pasi pamwe kupfura, achiudza kuisa zvakakodzera pakusimba.

Ndokusaka ACS "Hyacinth" pfungwa, haagoni vapfure parwendo. Zvisinei, mureza nguva kuunza miti nevatariri kusvikira muhondo mana chete maminitsi, saka kuti hunoshanda kubudirira otomatiki kuzvidzora hurongwa chaizvo. Izvi vaizviita propelled pfuti ine wakanaka maneuverability, vachibvumira nokukurumidza kufamba muhondo. Regai kukanganwa pakuvara zvokushandisa entrenchment. Kuishandisa, vashandi vemo vanogona kunoviga motokari muvhu mumaminitsi mashomanana.

Unofanira kuziva kuti pakutanga semupi mudonzvo zvombo VOF39 projectile aiva zvachose kurema 80,8 makirogiramu. Kurovana kushanda mairi anoenderana RP-29 mutariri (46 kg), iro rinoshandiswa zvinenge zvishanu makirogiramu simba putika A-IX-2. Blaster - nyore (percussion) B-429. Papera chinguva, Developers ndakasika ZVOF86 bara iro riri akaronga aine projectile RP-59 anogona kushandiswa varove huru pane madaro 30 makiromita.

In kwakajairika zvombo rinosanganisira matatu dhazeni kwepfuti vakaparadzana-nyaya kuchaja, uye pakati pavo pane mhando itsva kwepfuti paine aerodynamic chimiro, uyewo zvombo pamwe kushingaira Laser homing.

"Nuclear ruva"

Kazhinji, hazvina zvakare kuzoona mu muchisviniro yedu. Kumadokero kare kutedzemuka yakashuma kuti ACS "Hyacinth" anogona kushandiswa simba zvenyukireya warheads 0.1-2 KT. Zvinozivikanwa kuti nhasi dzinokudziridzwa zvachose projectiles zvitsva caliber 152 mm munyika yedu nokuda "Hyacinth". Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza ndiyo sumbu bhambu 3-0-13, pamwe nourongwa kusika zvepabonde fission yavo kwaari. Inotarisira vaizotibata chaizvo anoshongwa aiendeswa pagadzirwe basa chipingaidzo kuti zvakakomba kuchidzivisa kana kuti zvisabvira kuti Electronics muvengi.

tactical

pfuti iri rakagadzirirwa kuti udzvanyiriri yemabasa muvengi atirari, achiparadza bunkers nezvimwe munda masvingo, achiparadza siyana muvengi murayiro namagwatidziro (kusanganisira neshure), uyewo kurwisa rinorema zvombo nomuvengi. Sezvatakamboreva kare kutaurwa zvinotyisa anogona moto zvose moto zvakananga (Manyiminya), uye namahwindo nzvimbo (zvemaziso zvinotyisa). Kufanana nevamwe atirari uye zviduku maoko mudzimba kugadzira, ACS inogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira ekunze zvose uye okunze.

Zvinosuruvarisa, pfuti 2S5 nhasi zviri kubva zuva iri tsika nemashoko. Zvisinei, ichi kuzvipira propelled pfuti, uye kusvikira nhasi zvazvinosarira chimwe chezvinhu kumberi kuzvidzora propelled zviumbu zvezvipfuwo kugadzirwa, uye munyaya ino, "Hyacinth" wechipiri chete "Peonies" yayo caliber pakati 203 mm.

Kusiyana zvakafanana mugadziriro mukirasi iyi, pfuti kugomo, "Hyacinth" haana Kutamiswa chero nyika yose Warsaw chibvumirano. Chete muna 1991, pashure pokuwa Soviet Union zvakanaka, Finland awana 15 dzakabatana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti parizvino mashoko pamusoro pokumuka ane zvakakwana Kutsiviwa kwemari otomatiki kuzvidzora marongedzero mauto edu ipapo, apo zvingakonzera vavengi kukura munharaunda iyi hakumboperi. Saka, isu hatizivi vangani vachava vapenyu 'Hyacinth ". Self-propelled pfuti muenzaniso uyu zvechokwadi refu chaizvo nguva ichava hondo dzedu.